The ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (PCB) sisiseko somzimba okanye iqonga apho izinto ze-elektroniki zinokuthengiswa. Imizila yobhedu idibanisa la macandelo omnye komnye, ivumela ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (PCB) ukuba yenze imisebenzi yayo ngendlela eyilwe ngayo.

Ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ngundoqo wesixhobo sombane. Inokuba yiyo nayiphi na imilo kunye nobukhulu, kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwesixhobo sombane. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwi-substrate/substrate imathiriyeli ye-PCB yi-FR-4. IiPCB ezisekelwe kwiFR-4 zixhaphakile kwizixhobo ezininzi zombane, kwaye ukwenziwa kwazo kuqhelekile. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PCBs ezininzi, icala elinye kunye namacala amabini kulula ukwenza.

I-FR-4 PCB yenziwe ngefiber yeglasi kunye ne-epoxy resin edityaniswe ne-laminated copper cladding. Eminye yemizekelo ephambili ye-multi-layer entsonkothileyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12) ii-PCB ngamakhadi emizobo yekhompyuter, iibhodi zoomama, iibhodi ze-microprocessor, ii-FPGAs, ii-CPLDs, ii-hard drives, ii-RF LNAs, ii-eriyali zonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi, izixhobo zombane zemowudi, iifowuni ze-Android, njl. Kukho imizekelo emininzi apho kusetyenziswa ii-PCB ezilula zomaleko-nye kunye nee-double-layer, ezinje ngoomabonakude be-CRT, ii-oscilloscopes ze-analog, izixhobo zokubala eziphathwa ngesandla, iimpuku zekhompyutha, kunye neesekethe zerediyo ze-FM.

Ukusetyenziswa kwePCB:

1. Izixhobo zonyango:

Inkqubela phambili yanamhlanje kwisayensi yezonyango ibangelwa ngokupheleleyo kukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweshishini le-elektroniki. Uninzi lwezixhobo zonyango, njengemitha ye-pH, inzwa yokubetha kwentliziyo, umlinganiselo wobushushu, umatshini we-ECG/EEG, umatshini we-MRI, i-X-ray, i-CT scan, umatshini woxinzelelo lwegazi, izixhobo zokulinganisa inqanaba leswekile yegazi, i-incubator, izixhobo ze-microbiological kunye nezinye izixhobo ezininzi. PCB yombane eyahlukileyo esekwe. Ezi PCBs zixinene ngokubanzi kwaye zinefomu encinci. Ukuxinene kuthetha ukuba amalungu amancinci e-SMT abekwe kwisayizi encinci yePCB. Ezi zixhobo zonyango zenziwe zibe zincinci, kulula ukuziphatheka, zikhaphukhaphu ngobunzima, kwaye kulula ukuzisebenza.

2. Izixhobo zemizi-mveliso.

IiPCB zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso, kwimizi-mveliso nakwimizi-mveliso esezayo. La mashishini anoomatshini bamandla aphezulu kunye nezixhobo eziqhutywa ziisekethe ezisebenza ngamandla aphezulu kwaye zifuna imisinga ephezulu. Ngesi sizathu, umaleko wobhedu oshinyeneyo ulayitelwe kwi-PCB, eyahlukileyo kwii-PCB ze-elektroniki ezintsonkothileyo, ezinokutsala imisinga ukuya kuma-amperes ayi-100. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifana ne-arc welding, ii-servo motor drives, iitshaja zebhetri ze-lead-asidi, ishishini lomkhosi, kunye noomatshini bomqhaphu abangacacanga.

3. ukukhanyisa.

Ngokumalunga nokukhanya, ihlabathi lihamba kwicala lezisombululo zokonga amandla. Ezi bhalbhu ze-halogen azifane zifumaneke ngoku, kodwa ngoku sibona izibane ze-LED kunye nee-LED eziphezulu ezijikelezayo. Ezi LED zincinci zibonelela ngokukhanya okuphezulu kwaye zifakwe kwi-PCBs esekwe kwi-aluminium substrates. I-Aluminiyam inepropati yokufunxa ubushushu kunye nokubuchitha emoyeni. Ke ngoko, ngenxa yamandla aphezulu, ezi PCB ze-aluminium zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiisekethe zesibane se-LED kwiisekethe ze-LED eziphakathi kunye eziphezulu.

4. Imizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye ne-aerospace.

Olunye usetyenziso lwePCB lushishino lweemoto kunye ne-aerospace. Umba oqhelekileyo apha kukuguqulwa okuveliswa kukuhamba kweenqwelomoya okanye iimoto. Ngoko ke, ukuze kwaneliswe ezi vibrations high-force, PCB iba bhetyebhetye. Ke ngoko, kusetyenziswa uhlobo lwePCB ebizwa ngokuba yiFlex PCB. I-PCB eguquguqukayo inokumelana nokungcangcazela okuphezulu kwaye ilula ngobunzima, obunokunciphisa ubunzima obupheleleyo besiphekepheke. Ezi PCBs bhetyebhetye nako kungahlengahlengiswa kwindawo emxinwa, nto leyo nayo inzuzo enkulu. Ezi PCBs bhetyebhetye zisetyenziswa njengezihlanganisi, ujongano, kwaye zinokudityaniswa kwindawo compact, ezifana ngasemva panel, phantsi kwedeshibhodi, njl Udibaniso PCB engqongqo kunye bhetyebhetye isetyenziswa kwakhona.

Uhlobo lwePCB:

Iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo (PCB) zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezisi-8. Bazi

I-PCB enecala elinye:

Amacandelo ePCB enecala elinye axhonywe kuphela kwelinye icala, kwaye elinye icala lisetyenziselwa iingcingo zobhedu. Umaleko obhityileyo wefoyile yobhedu ugalelwa kwelinye icala le-RF-4 substrate, kwaye emva koko i-solder imaski igalelwe ukunika ukugquma. Okokugqibela, ushicilelo lwesikrini lusetyenziselwa ukunika ulwazi lokumakisha kumacandelo afana ne-C1 kunye ne-R1 kwi-PCB. Ezi PCB zomaleko omnye zilula kakhulu ukuyila kunye nokwenza umlinganiselo omkhulu, imfuno yemarike inkulu, kwaye zikwaxabiso eliphantsi kakhulu ukuzithenga. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimveliso zasekhaya, ezinje ngeejusi/izixube, iifeni zokutshaja, izixhobo zokubala, iitshaja ezincinci zebhetri, iithoyi, izilawuli ezikude zikamabonakude, njl.

I-PCB enamaleko amabini:

I-PCB enamacala amabini yi-PCB enemigangatho yobhedu esetyenziswa kumacala omabini ebhodi. Ukubhoboza imingxunya, kunye nezixhobo zeTHT ezinezikhokelo zifakelwe kule mingxuma. Le mingxuma idibanisa inxalenye yecala ukuya kwelinye icala ngokusebenzisa iingoma zobhedu. Icandelo elikhokelayo lidlula emingxunyeni, iintambo ezigqithisiweyo zisikwe ngumsiki, kwaye izikhokelo zifakwe kwimingxuma. Konke oku kwenziwa ngesandla. Kukwakho amacandelo e-SMT kunye namacandelo e-THT e-PCB ene-2-layer. Amacandelo e-SMT awafuni mingxunya, kodwa iipads zenziwe kwi-PCB, kwaye amacandelo e-SMT agxininiswe kwi-PCB ngokuphinda kufakwe i-solder. Amacandelo e-SMT athatha indawo encinci kakhulu kwi-PCB, ngoko ke indawo ekhululekile ingasetyenziswa kwibhodi yesekethe ukufezekisa imisebenzi emininzi. IiPCB ezinamacala amabini zisetyenziselwa izixhobo zombane, izikhulisi, iimoto zabaqhubi be-DC, iisekethe zesixhobo, njl.

I-PCB yaManinzi:

I-PCB ye-Multi-layer yenziwe nge-PCB ye-multi-layer ye-2-layer, ifakwe phakathi kwe-dielectric insulating layers ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhodi kunye namacandelo azonakaliswa kukufudumala. I-PCB enamaleko amaninzi inemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-4-layer PCB ukuya kwi-12-layer PCB. Okukhona umaleko, kokukhona intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi isekethe kwaye inzima ngakumbi uyilo loyilo lwePCB.

I-PCBs ezininzi zineendiza ezizimeleyo eziphantsi komhlaba, iindiza zamandla, iinqwelomoya zesantya esiphezulu, ukuqwalaselwa kwengqibelelo yomqondiso, kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal. Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo luyimfuneko yomkhosi, i-aerospace kunye ne-aerospace electronics, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, i-electronic navigation, ukulandelela i-GPS, i-radar, ukusetyenzwa kwesignali yedijithali kunye nokwenziwa kwemifanekiso.

I-PCB eqinile:

Zonke iintlobo ze-PCB ekuxoxwe ngazo ngasentla zezodidi oluqinileyo lwePCB. Ii-PCB eziqinileyo zinee-substrates eziqinileyo ezifana ne-FR-4, i-Rogers, i-phenolic resin kunye ne-epoxy resin. Ezi cwecwe aziyi kugoba kwaye zijije, kodwa zinokugcina imilo yazo iminyaka emininzi ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eyi-10 okanye engama-20. Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwezixhobo zombane zinexesha elide lokuphila ngenxa yokuqina, ukomelela kunye nokuqina kweePCB eziqinileyo. IiPCB zeekhompyuter kunye neelaptops ziqinile. Oomabonakude abaninzi, iLCD kunye neeTV zeLED ezidla ngokusetyenziswa emakhayeni zenziwe ngeePCB eziqinileyo. Zonke ezi zingasentla icala elinye, amacala amabini kunye nezicelo ezininzi zePCB zikwasebenza kwiiPCB eziqinileyo.

I-Flex PCB:

I-PCB eguquguqukayo okanye i-PCB eguquguqukayo ayingqongqo, kodwa ibhetyebhetye kwaye inokugotywa ngokulula. Zi-elastic, zinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zombane. I-substrate material ye-Flex PCB ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kunye neendleko. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-substrate ye-Flex PCB yifilimu ye-polyamide (PI), ifilimu ye-polyester (PET), i-PEN kunye ne-PTFE.

Iindleko zokwenziwa kweFlex PCB ingaphezulu nje kwePCB engqongqo. Zinokusongwa okanye zisongelwe kwiikona. Xa kuthelekiswa nePCB eqinileyo ehambelanayo, bathatha indawo encinci. Zikhaphukhaphu kodwa zinamandla aphantsi kakhulu okukrazula.

I-Rigid-Flex PCB:

Indibaniselwano yeePCB eziqinileyo neziguquguqukayo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nezicelo ezinobunzima. Umzekelo, kwikhamera, isekethe inzima, kodwa indibaniselwano ye-PCB eqinile kwaye eguquguqukayo iya kunciphisa inani lamalungu kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani bePCB. Iingcingo zeePCB ezimbini zinokudityaniswa kwiPCB enye. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo ziikhamera zedijithali, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iimoto, iilaptops kunye nezo zixhobo zineendawo ezihambayo

I-PCB enesantya esiphezulu:

Isantya esiphezulu okanye i-high-frequency PCBs zi-PCBs ezisetyenziselwa izicelo ezibandakanya unxibelelwano lwesignali kunye nefrikhwensi ephezulu kuno-1 GHz. Kule meko, imiba yemfezeko yomqondiso iqala ukudlala. Izinto eziphathekayo ze-PCB substrate ephezulu-frequency kufuneka zikhethwe ngononophelo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-polyphenylene (PPO) kunye ne-polytetrafluoroethylene. Ine-dielectric ezinzileyo kunye nelahleko encinci ye-dielectric. Banokufunxa amanzi aphantsi kodwa ixabiso eliphezulu.

Ezinye izinto ezininzi ze-dielectric zineenguqu eziguquguqukayo ze-dielectric, ezikhokelela kutshintsho lwe-impedance, olunokuthi lugqwethe i-harmonics kunye nokulahlekelwa kweempawu zedijithali kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengqibelelo yomqondiso.

I-Aluminiyam PCB:

Izinto ze-Aluminiyam-based PCBs substrate zineempawu zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu obusebenzayo. Ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwe-thermal, ukupholisa kwe-PCB esekwe kwi-aluminium kusebenza ngakumbi kune-PCB ehambelana nobhedu. Ikhupha ubushushu emoyeni nakwindawo yokuhlangana yobushushu kwibhodi yePCB.

Iisekethe ezininzi zezibane ze-LED, ii-LED ezikhanyayo zenziwe nge-PCB exhasa i-aluminium.

I-Aluminiyam yintsimbi ecebileyo kwaye ixabiso layo lemigodi liphantsi, ngoko ke ixabiso le-PCB liphantsi kakhulu. I-Aluminiyam iyaphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ayinayo ityhefu, ngoko ke ihambelana nokusingqongileyo. I-aluminium yomelele kwaye iqinile, ngoko iyanciphisa umonakalo ngexesha lokuvelisa, ukuthutha kunye nokudibanisa

Zonke ezi mpawu zenza iiPCB ezisekelwe kwi-aluminium zibe luncedo kusetyenziso oluphezulu lwangoku olufana nezilawuli zeemoto, iitshaja zebhetri ezinobunzima obunzima, kunye nezibane ezikhazimlayo ze-LED.

ukuququmbela:

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-PCBs ziye zavela kwiinguqulelo ezilula zomaleko omnye ukuya kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinje ngee-high-frequency Teflon PCBs.

I-PCB ngoku igubungela phantse yonke inkalo yetekhnoloji yanamhlanje kunye nesayensi evelayo. I-Microbiology, i-microelectronics, i-nanotechnology, i-aerospace industry, i-aerospace, i-avionics, i-robotics, i-intelligence intelligence kunye nezinye iinkalo zonke zisekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (PCB) yokwakha.