The yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB) inzvimbo yemuviri kana chikuva panogona kutengeswa zvinhu zvemagetsi. Nzira dzemhangura dzinobatanidza zvikamu izvi kune mumwe nemumwe, zvichibvumira bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa (PCB) kuti riite mabasa aro nenzira yakagadzirwa.

Bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa ndiro musimboti wechigadzirwa chemagetsi. Inogona kuva chero chimiro uye hukuru, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa substrate / substrate zvinhu zvePCB ndeye FR-4. FR-4 yakavakirwa maPCB anowanzo kuwanikwa mumidziyo yakawanda yemagetsi, uye kugadzira kwavo kwakajairika. Kuenzaniswa nePCBs dzakawanda, imwe-sided uye kaviri-sided PCB iri nyore kugadzira.

FR-4 PCB yakagadzirwa negirazi fiber uye epoxy resin yakasanganiswa ne laminated copper cladding. Mimwe yemienzaniso mikuru yeakaomesesa akawanda-layer (anosvika gumi nemaviri akaturikidzana) maPCB makadhi emifananidzo emakombuta, mamabhodhi, microprocessor board, FPGAs, CPLDs, hard drive, RF LNAs, setiraiti yekutaurirana antenna feeds, switch mode magetsi ekushandisa, Android mafoni, etc. Pane mienzaniso mizhinji apo zviri nyore single-layer uye kaviri-layer PCBs anoshandiswa, akadai CRT TV, analogi oscilloscopes, handheld calculator, kombiyuta mbeva, uye FM redhiyo maseketi.

Kushandiswa kwePCB:

1. Midziyo yekurapa:

Kufambira mberi kwemazuva ano musayenzi yezvokurapa kwakakonzerwa zvachose nekukura nokukurumidza kweindasitiri yemagetsi. Zvizhinji zvemidziyo yekurapa, senge pH mita, kurova kwemoyo sensor, kuyerwa kwekushisa, ECG/EEG muchina, MRI muchina, X-ray, CT scan, blood pressure machine, shuga yeropa yekuyeresa michina, incubator, microbiological equipment uye zvimwe zvakawanda. imwe yakasiyana yemagetsi PCB yakavakirwa. Aya maPCB anowanzo kukora uye ane diki fomu factor. Dense zvinoreva kuti zvidiki zveSMT zvinoiswa mudiki PCB. Midziyo yekurapa iyi inoitwa diki, nyore kutakura, kureruka muhuremu, uye nyore kushandisa.

2. Industrial midziyo.

MaPCB anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukugadzira, mafekitari, uye mafekitori ari kuuya. Maindasitiri aya ane michina ine simba repamusoro-soro uye midziyo inofambiswa nemaseketi anoshanda nesimba guru uye anoda mafambiro emhepo. Nechikonzero ichi, gobvu remhangura layer inoiswa laminated paPCB, iyo yakasiyana neyakaomesesa yemagetsi PCBs, iyo inogona kukwevera mafungu akareba se100 amperes. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumashandisirwo akadai searc welding, hombe servo mota madhiraivha, lead-asidhi bhatiri charger, indasitiri yemauto, uye zvipfeko zvedonje zvisina kujeka michina.

3. kuvhenekera.

Panyaya yemwenje, nyika iri kufamba ichienda kune nzira dzekuchengetedza simba. Aya ma halogen bulbs haawanzo kuwanikwa ikozvino, asi ikozvino tinoona mwenje we LED uye yakakwirira-yakasimba ma LEDs kutenderera. Aya ma LED madiki anopa kupenya kwepamusoro uye akaiswa paPCBs zvichienderana nealuminium substrates. Aluminium ine midziyo yekutora kupisa nekuibvisa mumhepo. Naizvozvo, nekuda kwesimba rakawanda, maPCB ealuminium aya anowanzo shandiswa mumaseketi emwenje e LED epakati uye akakwira simba re LED maseketi.

4. Maindasitiri emotokari uye aerospace.

Imwe application yePCB ndeye mota uye aerospace maindasitiri. Chinhu chinowanzoitika pano kutenderera kunoitwa nekufamba kwendege kana mota. Naizvozvo, kuti ugutse aya makuru-simba kudengenyeka, iyo PCB inoshanduka. Naizvozvo, mhando yePCB inonzi Flex PCB inoshandiswa. Iyo PCB inochinjika inokwanisa kumira nekudedera kwepamusoro uye yakareruka muhuremu, izvo zvinogona kuderedza huremu hwese hwechitundumuseremusere. Aya maPCB anochinjika anogonawo kugadziriswa munzvimbo yakamanikana, inovawo mukana mukuru. Aya maPCB anochinjika anoshandiswa sezvibatanidza, mainterfaces, uye anogona kuunganidzwa munzvimbo yakabatana, senge seri kwepaneru, pasi pe dashboard, nezvimwewo. Musanganiswa wePCB yakaoma uye inochinjika inoshandiswa zvakare.

PCB mhando:

Mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCB) akakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvisere. Vari

Single-sided PCB:

Zvikamu zvePCB imwe-sided zvinongoiswa kune rumwe rutivi, uye rumwe rutivi runoshandiswa kune waya dzemhangura. Iro rakatetepa refoiri yemhangura rinoiswa kune rimwe divi reRF-4 substrate, uyezve solder mask inoiswa kuti ipe insulation. Chekupedzisira, kudhinda kwescreen kunoshandiswa kupa ruzivo rwekumaka kune zvikamu zvakaita seC1 uye R1 paPCB. Aya ma-single-layer PCBs ari nyore kugadzira nekugadzira pamwero mukuru, kudiwa kwemusika kwakakura, uye zvakare akachipa zvakanyanya kutenga. Inonyanya kushandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvemumba, senge juicers/blender, kuchaja mafeni, macalculator, majaja madiki ebhatiri, matoyi, TV remote control, nezvimwe.

Kaviri-layer PCB:

Kaviri-mativi PCB iPCB ine mhangura yakaturikidzana yakaiswa pamativi ese ebhodhi. Drill maburi, uye zvikamu zveTHT zvine ma lead zvakaiswa mumakomba aya. Maburi aya anobatanidza chikamu chimwe chedivi kune rumwe rutivi kuburikidza nemakwara emhangura. Iyo chikamu chinotungamira chinopfuura nemumakomba, iyo yakawandisa inotungamira inochekwa nemucheki, uye iyo inotungamira inosungirirwa kumakomba. Zvose izvi zvinoitwa nemaoko. Kune zvakare SMT zvikamu uye THT zvikamu zve2-layer PCB. Zvikamu zveSMT hazvidi maburi, asi mapedhi anogadzirwa paPCB, uye zvikamu zveSMT zvakaiswa paPCB nereflow soldering. Zvikamu zveSMT zvinotora nzvimbo shoma paPCB, saka imwe nzvimbo yemahara inogona kushandiswa pabhodhi redunhu kuita mamwe mabasa. Maviri-mativi maPCB anoshandiswa kune magetsi, amplifiers, DC mota madhiraivha, chiridzwa maseketi, nezvimwe.

Multilayer PCB:

Multi-layer PCB inogadzirwa ne-multi-layer 2-layer PCB, yakasungirirwa pakati pedielectric insulating layers kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bhodhi uye zvikamu hazvina kukuvadzwa nekupisa. Multi-layer PCB ine zviyero zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pa4-layer PCB kusvika 12-layer PCB. Iyo yakawanda yakaturikidzana, iyo inonyanya kuomesa dunhu uye zvakanyanya kuomesa PCB dhizaini dhizaini.

Multi-layer PCBs inowanzova nendege dzepasi dzakazvimiririra, ndege dzemagetsi, ndege dzinomhanya-mhanya, zviratidzo zvekuvimbika, uye kutonga kwekupisa. Zvishandiso zvakajairika ndezvinodikanwa zvechiuto, aerospace uye aerospace zvemagetsi, satellite kutaurirana, navigation zvemagetsi, GPS tracking, radar, dhijitari masaini kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mifananidzo.

PCB yakaoma:

Mhando dzese dzePCB dzakurukurwa pamusoro ndedzeiyo yakaoma PCB chikamu. Rigid PCBs dzine ma substrates akasimba akadai seFR-4, Rogers, phenolic resin uye epoxy resin. Aya mahwendefa haazokotama uye kumonyoroka, asi anogona kuchengetedza chimiro chawo kwemakore akawanda kusvika kumakore gumi kana makumi maviri. Ichi ndicho chikonzero michina yakawanda yemagetsi ine hupenyu hurefu nekuda kwekuoma, kusimba uye kuoma kwePCB dzakaoma. Iwo maPCB emakomputa nemalaptops akaomarara. MaTV mazhinji, LCD neLED TVs anowanzoshandiswa mudzimba akagadzirwa nePCB dzakaomarara. Ese ari pamusoro pe-single-sided, kaviri-sided uye multilayer PCB application anoshandawo kune akaomerwa maPCB.

Flex PCB:

Flexible PCB kana flexible PCB haina kuomarara, asi inochinjika uye inogona kubhenda zviri nyore. Iwo elastic, ane high heat resistance uye akanakisa magetsi emagetsi. Iyo substrate zvinhu zveFlex PCB zvinoenderana nekuita uye mutengo. Zvakajairika substrate zvinhu zveFlex PCB ndeye polyamide (PI) firimu, polyester (PET) firimu, PEN uye PTFE.

Mutengo wekugadzira weFlex PCB unopfuura kungoomarara PCB. Inogona kupetwa kana kuputirwa pamakona. Kuenzaniswa nePCB inowirirana yakaoma, ivo vanotora nzvimbo shoma. Iwo akareruka asi ane simba rakaderera rekubvarura.

Rigid-Flex PCB:

Iko kusanganiswa kweakaomesesa uye anochinjika maPCB akakosha kwazvo munzvimbo zhinji uye uremu-akamanikidzirwa maapplication. Semuenzaniso, mukhamera, dunhu rakaoma, asi kusanganiswa kwePCB yakaoma uye inoshanduka inoderedza nhamba yezvikamu uye kuderedza kukura kwePCB. Iyo wiring yePCB mbiri inogona zvakare kusanganiswa pane imwechete PCB. Zvishandiso zvakajairika makamera edhijitari, nharembozha, mota, malaptop uye izvo zvishandiso zvine zvikamu zvinofamba

High-speed PCB:

High-speed kana high-frequency PCBs maPCB anoshandiswa kumaapplication anosanganisira kutaurirana nemasaini ane ma frequency akakwira kupfuura 1 GHz. Muchiitiko ichi, nyaya dzekuvimbika kwechiratidzo dzinopinda. Izvo zvinhu zveyakakwira-frequency PCB substrate inofanirwa kunyatsosarudzwa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

Zvishandiso zvinowanzoshandiswa polyphenylene (PPO) uye polytetrafluoroethylene. Iyo ine yakagadzikana dielectric inogara uye diki dielectric kurasikirwa. Vane mvura yakaderera yekunyura asi inodhura.

Zvimwe zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvedielectric zvine dielectric constants akasiyana, zvichikonzera shanduko ye impedance, inogona kukanganisa maharmonics uye kurasikirwa kwemasaini edhijitari uye kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo chekutendeseka.

Aluminium PCB:

Aluminium-based PCBs substrate zvinhu zvine hunhu hwehunobudirira kupisa kupisa. Nekuda kwekushomeka kwemafuta ekudzikisira, aluminium-based PCB kutonhora inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura inoenderana nemhangura-yakavakirwa PCB. Inovhenekera kupisa mumhepo uye munzvimbo inopisa yePCB board.

Mazhinji mwenje we LED maseketi, kupenya kwepamusoro ma LED anogadzirwa nealuminium anotsigira PCB.

Aluminium isimbi yakapfuma uye mutengo wayo wemigodhi wakaderera, saka mutengo wePCB zvakare wakaderera zvakanyanya. Aluminium inodzokororwa uye haina chepfu, saka inoenderana nenharaunda. Aluminium yakasimba uye yakasimba, saka inoderedza kukanganisa panguva yekugadzira, kutakura uye kusangana

Ese maficha aya anoita kuti aluminium-based PCBs ibatsire kune yakakwirira-ikozvino maapplication akadai semamotor controller, inorema-basa bhatiri majaja, uye kupenya kwakanyanya kwe LED mwenje.

pakupedzisa:

Mumakore achangopfuura, maPCB akashanduka kubva kune akareruka-layer shanduro kune mamwe akaomarara masisitimu, akadai seyepamusoro-frequency Teflon PCBs.

PCB ikozvino inovhara inenge yese ndima yemazuva ano tekinoroji uye sainzi inoshanduka. Microbiology, microelectronics, nanotechnology, aerospace indasitiri, mauto, avionics, marobhoti, artificial intelligence uye mamwe minda zvese zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzeakadhindwa redunhu board (PCB) zvidhinha zvekuvaka.