Parizvino, high-frequency uye yakakwira-kumhanya pcb dhizaini yave iyo huru, uye yega PCB Layout mainjiniya anofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi. Tevere, Banermei achagovana newe imwe yeruzivo rwekugadzira yevanyanzvi vehardware mune yakakwirira-frequency uye yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB maseketi, uye ndinovimba ichave inobatsira kune wese.

1. Nzira yekudzivirira sei kupindira kwepamusoro-soro?

Pfungwa huru yekudzivisa kukanganiswa kwepamusoro-soro ndeyekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi epamusoro-frequency masaini, inova inonzi crosstalk (Crosstalk). Iwe unogona kuwedzera chinhambwe pakati pechiratidzo chepamusoro-chinomhanya uye chiratidzo cheanalog, kana kuwedzera pasi gadhi / shunt traces padivi peiyo analog chiratidzo. Uyewo teerera kune kupindira kweruzha kubva padhijitari pasi kusvika kune iyo analog pasi.

2. Nzira yekufunga sei impedance yekufananidza paunenge uchigadzira yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB dhizaini schematics?

Paunenge uchigadzira yakakwira-kumhanya PCB maseketi, impedance yekufananidza ndeimwe yezvinhu zvekugadzira. Iyo impedance kukosha ine hukama hwakakwana neiyo wiring nzira, sekufamba pamusoro pedenga (microstrip) kana yemukati layer (stripline/double stripline), chinhambwe kubva pareferensi layer (simba rekuisa kana pasi pasi), wiring wide, PCB zvinhu. , etc. Zvese zvichakanganisa hunhu impedance kukosha kweiyo trace. Kureva kuti, iyo impedance kukosha inogona kutsanangurwa chete mushure mekuita wiring. Kazhinji, simulation software haigone kufunga nezve mamwe ma wiring mamiriro ane discontinuous impedance nekuda kwekuganhurwa kweiyo redunhu modhi kana mathematical algorithm inoshandiswa. Panguva ino, mamwe chete materminators (kugumisa), akadai seanotevera kuramba, anogona kuchengetwa pane schematic dhizaini. Deredza mhedzisiro yekusaenderera mberi mukuteedzera impedance. Mhinduro chaiyo yedambudziko ndeyekuedza kudzivirira impedance discontinuities kana wiring.

3. Mukumhanya-mhanya PCB dhizaini, ndeapi maficha anofanira kutariswa neEMC nemitemo yeEMI?

Kazhinji, EMI/EMC dhizaini inoda kufunga zvese zvakavhenekerwa uye kuitwa maficha panguva imwe chete. Iyo yekutanga ndeyeyepamusoro frequency chikamu (<30MHz) uye yekupedzisira ndiyo yakaderera frequency chikamu (<30MHz). Saka haugone kungoteerera kune yakakwira frequency uye kufuratira iyo yakaderera frequency chikamu. Iyo yakanaka EMI / EMC dhizaini inofanirwa kutarisisa nzvimbo yechishandiso, PCB stack kurongeka, yakakosha nzira yekubatanidza, kusarudzwa kwemudziyo, nezvimwe pakutanga kwegadziriro. Kana pasina gadziriro iri nani kare, ichagadziriswa pashure. Ichaita kaviri chigumisiro nehafu yekuedza uye kuwedzera mari. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yewachi jenareta haifanire kunge iri padyo nekunze kwekubatanidza. High-speed zviratidzo zvinofanira kuenda kune yemukati layer sezvinobvira. Teerera kune hunhu impedance yekufananidza uye kuenderera kweiyo referensi layer kuti uderedze zviratidziro. Chiyero chekuuraya chechiratidzo chinosundirwa nechishandiso chinofanira kunge chiri chidiki sezvinobvira kuderedza kureba. Frequency components, pakusarudza decoupling / bypass capacitor, teerera kuti mhinduro yayo yakawanda inosangana nezvinodiwa kuderedza ruzha pane ndege yemagetsi. Mukuwedzera, teerera kune nzira yekudzoka ye-high-frequency signal current kuti uite loop nzvimbo diki sezvinobvira (kureva, loop impedance diki sezvinobvira) kuderedza mwaranzi. Ivhu rinogona zvakare kukamurwa kudzora huwandu hwepamusoro-frequency ruzha. Chekupedzisira, nyatso sarudza chassis pasi pakati pePCB neimba.

4. Ungasarudza sei PCB board?

Sarudzo yePCB board inofanirwa kuenzana pakati pemusangano wekugadzira zvinodiwa uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda uye mutengo. Izvo zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvinosanganisira zvese zvemagetsi uye zvemagetsi zvikamu. Kazhinji dambudziko iri rinonyanya kukosha pakugadzira mabhodhi ePCB anomhanya kwazvo (frequency yakakura kupfuura GHz). Semuyenzaniso, iyo inowanzo shandiswa FR-4 zvinhu, iyo dielectric kurasikirwa pafrequency ye akati wandei GHz ichave nepesvedzero huru pachiratidzo chekudzivirira, uye inogona kunge isina kukodzera. Kana zviri zvemagetsi, teerera kuti dielectric inogara uye kurasikirwa kwedielectric kwakakodzera kune yakagadziriswa frequency.

5. Nzira yekuzadzisa sei EMC zvinodiwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pasina kukonzera yakawandisa mutengo kumanikidzwa?

Kuwedzera kwemutengo wePCB board nekuda kweEMC kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kwenhamba yepasi pasi kuti iwedzere kudzivirira uye nekuwedzera ferrite bead, kukachidzwa uye mamwe ma-high-frequency harmonic kudzvinyirira michina. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinowanzodikanwa kuenzanisa chimiro chekudzivirira pane mamwe masangano kuita kuti sisitimu yese ipfuure zvinodiwa neEMC. Izvi zvinotevera zvinongopa mashoma PCB bhodhi dhizaini matekiniki ekudzikisa iyo electromagnetic radiation mhedzisiro inogadzirwa nedunhu.

Edza kusarudza mudziyo une chinononoka chiratidzo akauraya mwero kuderedza yakakwirira frequency zvikamu zvinogadzirwa nechiratidzo.

Nyatsoteerera kuiswa kwe-high-frequency components, kwete pedyo nekunze kwekubatanidza.

Teerera kune iyo impedance yekufananidza yeakakwira-kumhanya masaini, iyo wiring layer uye yekudzoka kwayo ikozvino nzira, kudzikisa yakakwirira-frequency kuratidzwa uye nemwaranzi.

Isa zvakakwana uye zvakakodzera decoupling capacitors pamapini emagetsi echigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe kuderedza ruzha pane ndege yemagetsi uye ndege yepasi. Chengetedza zvakanyanya kuti mhinduro yefrequency uye tembiricha hunhu hwe capacitor inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

Ivhu riri pedyo nechekunze rekubatanidza rinogona kuparadzaniswa zvakanaka kubva pasi, uye ivhu rekubatanidza rinogona kubatanidzwa kune chassis pasi pedyo.

Ground guard/shunt traces inogona kushandiswa zvakafanira padivi pemamwe masaini akakosha ekumhanya. Asi teerera kune pesvedzero yevarindi / shunt inotsvaga pane hunhu impedance yekuteedzera.

Simba resimba rinodzikira 20H kubva pasi pasi, uye H ndiyo chinhambwe pakati pesimba resimba uye pasi pasi.

6. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakugadzira, nzira uye marongerwo epamusoro frequency PCB pamusoro pe2G?

High-frequency PCBs pamusoro pe2G ndeye dhizaini yeredhiyo frequency maseketi uye haisi mukati mechikamu chekukurukurirana kweyepamusoro-inomhanya yedhijitari yedunhu dhizaini. Iyo marongerwo uye nzira yeredhiyo frequency redhiyo inofanirwa kutariswa pamwe chete nehurongwa, nekuti marongerwo uye nzira inokonzeresa kugovera. Uyezve, zvimwe zvigadziriso mudhizaini yeredhiyo frequency maseketi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza neparameterized tsananguro uye akasarudzika-akaumbwa emhangura foils. Naizvozvo, maturusi eEDA anodiwa kuti ape parameterized zvishandiso uye kugadzirisa akasarudzika-akaumbwa mafoiri emhangura. Mentor’s boardstation ine yakakosha RF dhizaini module inogona kuzadzisa izvi zvinodiwa. Zvakare, zvakajairika RF dhizaini inoda nyanzvi yeRF yedunhu rekuongorora maturusi. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa muindasitiri ndeye agilent’s eesoft, iyo ine yakanaka interface neMentor’s zvishandiso.

7. Ko kuwedzera bvunzo mapoinzi kuchakanganisa kunaka kweakakwira-kumhanya masaini?

Kunyangwe zvichizokanganisa kunaka kwechiratidzo zvinoenderana nenzira yekuwedzera mapoinzi ebvunzo uye kuti inokurumidza sei chiratidzo. Chaizvoizvo, mamwe mapoinzi ekuyedza (usashandise iripo kuburikidza kana yeDIP pini semapoinzi ebvunzo) inogona kuwedzerwa kumutsara kana kudhonza mutsara mupfupi kubva pamutsetse. Iyo yekare yakaenzana nekuwedzera diki capacitor pamutsara, iyo yekupedzisira ndeyekuwedzera bazi. Mamiriro ese ari maviri aya anozokanganisa iyo yakakwirira-yekumhanya chiratidzo zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, uye hupamhi hwemhedzisiro inobatana neiyo frequency kumhanya kwechiratidzo uye kumucheto mwero wechiratidzo. Hukuru hwekukanganisa hunogona kuzivikanwa kuburikidza nekuenzanisa. Muchidimbu, iyo diki bvunzo poindi, zviri nani (zvechokwadi, inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvechishandiso chekuyedza) iyo ipfupi bazi, zviri nani.