Mukuwedzera kune kusarudzwa kwezvikamu uye dhizaini yedunhu, yakanaka yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB) dhizaini zvakare chinhu chakakosha zvikuru mukuenderana kwemagetsi. Kiyi yePCB EMC dhizaini ndeyekudzikisa nzvimbo yekudzoreredza zvakanyanya sezvinobvira uye rega nzira yekuyerera ichiyerera munzira yedhizaini. Matambudziko anowanzo kudzoka anouya kubva mukutsemuka mundege yereferensi, kushandura dhizaini yendege, uye chiratidzo chinoyerera kuburikidza nekubatanidza. Jumper capacitors kana decoupling capacitors inogona kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko, asi iyo impedance yese ye capacitors, vias, pads, uye wiring inofanirwa kutariswa. Iyi hurukuro ichaunza EMC’s PCB dhizaini tekinoroji kubva pazvinhu zvitatu: PCB yekumisikidza zano, hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa uye mitemo yewaya.

PCB layering strategy

Ukobvu, kuburikidza nemaitiro uye huwandu hwezvikamu mudhizaini yedhizaini haisi iyo kiyi yekugadzirisa dambudziko. Yakanaka yakaturikidzana yakaturikidzana ndeyeve nechokwadi chekupfuura uye decoupling yebhazi remagetsi uye kudzikisa mhepo inotenderera pane yemagetsi layer kana pasi pasi. Kiyi yekudzivirira iyo electromagnetic munda wechiratidzo uye magetsi ekupa. Kubva pakuona kwechiratidzo chechiratidzo, nzira yakanaka yekuisa inofanira kunge iri yekuisa zviratidzo zvese zvechiratidzo pane imwechete kana kuti akati wandei, uye aya akaturikidzana ari padivi pesimba resimba kana pasi pasi. Pakugovera magetsi, nzira yakanaka yekuisa inofanira kunge iri iyo dhizaini yemagetsi iri padhuze nepasi pasi, uye kureba pakati pesimba remagetsi uye pasi pasi idiki sezvinobvira. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti “layer” zano. Pazasi isu tichanyatso taura nezve yakanakisa PCB layering zano. 1. Iyo ndege yekufungidzira ye wiring layer inofanira kunge iri munzvimbo yayo yereflow plane layer. Kana iyo wiring layer isiri munzvimbo yekufungidzira yeiyo reflow plane layer, pachave nemitsara yechiratidzo kunze kwenzvimbo yekufungidzira panguva ye wiring, izvo zvinokonzeresa “edge radiation” dambudziko, uye zvakare ichaita kuti iyo chiratidzo loop nzvimbo iwedzere. , zvichikonzera kuwedzera kusiyanisa kwemwaranzi. 2. Edza kudzivisa kumisikidza tambo dze wiring dziri pedyo. Nekuda kwekuti masaini anoteedzana anoteedzera pane ari padhuze wiring akaturikidzana anogona kukonzera chiratidzo crosstalk, kana zvisingaite kudzivirira ari padhuze wiring layer, nzvimbo yepakati pakati pematanho maviri ewaya inofanira kuwedzerwa zvakafanira, uye nzvimbo yepakati pakati peiyo wiring layer uye chiratidzo chedunhu. kuderedzwa. 3. Matunhu endege ari pedyo anofanirwa kudzivirira kupindirana kwendege dzadzo. Nekuti kana mafungidziro apindirana, iyo coupling capacitance pakati pematanho inokonzeresa ruzha pakati pezvikamu kuti zvibatane.

Multilayer board design

Kana nguva yewachi ichipfuura 5MHz, kana nguva yekusimuka kwechiratidzo isingasviki 5ns, kuitira kudzora nzvimbo yechiratidzo, dhizaini yebhodhi yakawanda inodiwa. Nheyo dzinotevera dzinofanirwa kutariswa paunenge uchigadzira mabhodhi e-multilayer: 1. Iyo kiyi wiring layer (iyo layer iyo wachi mutsara, bhazi mutsara, interface chiratidzo mutsara, redhiyo frequency mutsara, reset chiratidzo mutsara, chip sarudza chiratidzo mutsara uye akasiyana-siyana ekudzora chiratidzo. mitsetse iripo) inofanira kunge iri pedyo nendege yepasi yakakwana, zvichida pakati pendege mbiri dzepasi, dzakadai seZvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Mitsetse inokosha yechiratidzo inowanzova nemwaranzi yakasimba kana kuti mitsetse yechiratidzo yakanyanyisa. Wiring padhuze nendege yepasi inogona kuderedza nzvimbo yechiratidzo loop, kuderedza kusimba kwemwaranzi kana kuvandudza kugona kwekudzivirira.

Mufananidzo 1 Iyo kiyi wiring layer iri pakati peaya maviri pasi ndege

2. Ndege yemagetsi inofanira kudzoserwa maererano nendege yayo yepasi (inokurudzirwa kukosha 5H～20H). Kudzokororwa kwendege yemagetsi zvine chekuita nendege yayo yekudzokera pasi kunogona kunyatso kudzvanya dambudziko re “edge radiation”.

Uye zvakare, iyo huru inoshanda simba ndege yebhodhi (inonyanya kushandiswa simba ndege) inofanirwa kunge iri padyo nendege yepasi kuti inyatso kudzikisa loop nzvimbo yemagetsi ekupa magetsi, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3.

Mufananidzo 3 Ndege yemagetsi inofanira kuva pedyo nendege yayo yepasi

3. Kana pasina mutsara wechiratidzo ≥50MHz paTOP uye BOTTOM zvikamu zvebhodhi. Kana zvakadaro, zviri nani kufamba chiratidzo chepamusoro-soro pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvendege kudzvanyirira mwaranzi wayo kunzvimbo.

Single-layer board uye kaviri-layer board dhizaini

Nekugadzirwa kwe-single-layer uye kaviri-layer board, dhizaini yemitsara yakakosha yechiratidzo uye mitsara yemagetsi inofanirwa kutariswa. Panofanira kuve newaya yepasi padivi uye inoenderana neiyo simba trace kudzikisa nzvimbo yesimba razvino loop. “Guide Ground Line” inofanira kuiswa kumativi ose maviri emutsara wechiratidzo chebhodhi rimwe chete, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4. Mutsara wechiratidzo chechiratidzo chechiratidzo chebhokisi rechipiri-layer board inofanira kuva nenzvimbo yakakura yevhu. , kana nzira imwechete sebhodhi-layer board, dhizaini “Guide Ground Line”, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 5. “Murindi pasi waya” kumativi ose emutsara wechiratidzo chekiyi inogona kuderedza nzvimbo yechiratidzo chechiratidzo kune rumwe rutivi, uye zvakare kudzivirira crosstalk pakati pechiratidzo mutsara uye mamwe masaini mitsara.

Kazhinji, kuiswa kwePCB board kunogona kugadzirwa maererano netafura inotevera.

Unyanzvi hwekugadzira PCB

Paunenge uchigadzira chimiro chePCB, nyatsoteerera mutemo wekugadzira wekuisa mumutsara wakarurama pamwe chete nechiratidzo chekuyerera kwechiratidzo, uye edza kudzivisa kutenderera mberi nekudzoka, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 6. Izvi zvinogona kudzivisa kubatanidza zviratidzo zvakananga uye kukanganisa unhu hwechiratidzo. Mukuwedzera, kuitira kudzivirira kupindirana uye kubatanidza pakati pemasekete uye zvikamu zvemagetsi, kuiswa kwemasekete uye kurongeka kwezvikamu kunofanira kutevera mitemo inotevera:

1. Kana “ivhu rakachena” rakagadzirirwa pabhodhi, zvigadziriswe uye zvikamu zvekuzviparadzanisa zvinofanira kuiswa pabhandi rekuzviparadzanisa pakati pe “vhu rakachena” uye nzvimbo yekushanda. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira kusefa kana zvigadziriso zvekuzviparadzanisa kubva pakubatana kune mumwe nemumwe kuburikidza neiyo planar layer, iyo inonetesa mhedzisiro. Mukuwedzera, pa “ivhu rakachena”, kunze kwekusefa nekudzivirira zvishandiso, hapana mimwe michina inogona kuiswa. 2. Kana akawanda module maseketi akaiswa paPCB imwechete, dhijitari maseketi uye analogi maseketi, uye yakakwirira-kumhanya uye yakaderera-kumhanya maseketi anofanirwa kuiswa akaparadzana kuti arege kupindirana pakati pemaseketi edhijitari, masekete analog, matunhu akakwira-speed, uye. pasi-speed circuits. Mukuwedzera, apo matunhu akakwirira, epakati, uye akadzika-speed aripo pabhodhi redunhu panguva imwe chete, kuitira kudzivirira ruzha rwepamusoro-frequency redunhu kubva pakupenya kunze kuburikidza nekubatana.

3. Iyo sefa yedunhu remagetsi ekupinza chiteshi chebhodhi redunhu rinofanirwa kuiswa padyo neiyo interface kudzivirira dunhu rakapepetwa kubva pakubatanidzwa zvakare.

Mufananidzo 8 Iyo sefa yedunhu remagetsi ekuisa chiteshi inofanira kuiswa padyo neiyo interface

4. Iyo yekusefa, kudzivirira uye yekuzviparadzanisa zvikamu zveiyo interface yedunhu inoiswa padyo neiyo interface, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 9, iyo inogona kubudirira kubudirira mhedzisiro yekudzivirira, kusefa uye kuparadzaniswa. Kana paine zvese sefa uye dunhu redziviriro pane interface, musimboti wekutanga kudzivirira uyezve kusefa kunofanirwa kuteverwa. Nekuti dunhu redziviriro rinoshandiswa kune ekunze overvoltage uye overcurrent kudzvinyirira, kana dunhu redziviriro rakaiswa mushure mesefa redunhu, iyo sefa yedunhu ichakuvadzwa nekupfuura uye overcurrent. Uye zvakare, sezvo iyo yekupinza uye yekubuda mitsara yedunhu inonetesa kusefa, kuzviparadzanisa kana kudzivirira mhedzisiro kana yasanganiswa, ive nechokwadi chekuti mitsara yekupinza uye yekubuda yesefa yedunhu (sefa), yekuzviparadzanisa uye yekudzivirira yedunhu haiite. vakaroorana pamwe chete panguva yekugadzirisa.

5. Sensitive circuits kana madivayiri (akadai sereset circuits, etc.) anofanirwa kunge ari 1000 mil kubva kumucheto wega wega webhodhi, kunyanya kumucheto kwebhodhi interface.

6. Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba uye yakakwirira-frequency filter capacitors inofanira kuiswa padyo nemaseketi eyuniti kana zvishandiso zvine shanduko huru yazvino (seyekupinza uye kubuda materminals emagetsi module, mafeni, uye relays) kudzikisa loop nzvimbo ye hombe yazvino loop.

7. Zvikamu zvesefa zvinofanira kuiswa padivi nedivi kuti zvidzivise dunhu rakacheneswa kuti rirege kukanganiswa zvakare.

8. Chengetedza midziyo yakasimba yemwaranzi yakadai sekristaro, crystal oscillators, relays, uye kushandura magetsi emagetsi anenge 1000 mils kubva pabhodhi interface connectors. Nenzira iyi, kupindira kunogona kuvhenekerwa zvakananga kana iyo yazvino inogona kubatanidzwa kune inobuda tambo kuti ivheneke kunze.

PCB wiring mitemo

Pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwezvikamu uye dhizaini yedunhu, yakanaka yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi (PCB) wiring zvakare chinhu chakakosha zvikuru mukuenderana kwemagetsi. Sezvo PCB iri chikamu chechimiro chesisitimu, kusimudzira kuenderana kwemagetsi muPCB wiring hakuzounzi imwe mari pakupedzwa kwekupedzisira kwechigadzirwa. Chero ani zvake anofanirwa kuyeuka kuti yakashata PCB dhizaini inogona kukonzera akawanda emagetsi kuenderana matambudziko, pane kuabvisa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kunyange kuwedzerwa kwemafirita uye zvikamu hazvigone kugadzirisa matambudziko aya. Pakupedzisira, bhodhi rose raifanira kudzokororwa. Naizvozvo, ndiyo inodhura-inoshanda nzira yekuvandudza yakanaka PCB wiring maitiro pakutanga. Izvi zvinotevera zvinozivisa mimwe mitemo yakajairika yePCB wiring uye nzira dzekugadzira dzetambo dzemagetsi, mitsara yepasi uye mitsara yezviratidzo. Pakupedzisira, maererano nemitemo iyi, matanho ekuvandudza anorongwa kune yakajairwa yakadhindwa redunhu redunhu redunhu remhepo inofefetera. 1. Wiring separation Basa rekuparadzanisa wiring nderokuderedza crosstalk uye ruzha rwekubatanidza pakati pemasekete ari pedyo muchikamu chimwechete chePCB. Iyo 3W tsanangudzo inotaura kuti zviratidzo zvose (clock, video, audio, reset, etc.) inofanira kuparadzaniswa kubva kumutsara kusvika kune imwe mutsara, kumucheto kusvika kumucheto, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 10. Kuti uwedzere kuderedza kusanganiswa kwemagineti, nzvimbo yekutarisa ndeye. inoiswa pedyo nekiyi chiratidzo chekuparadzanisa ruzha rwekubatanidza rwunogadzirwa nemimwe mitsetse yezviratidzo.

2. Kudzivirirwa uye shunt mutsara kugadzika Shunt uye mutsara wekudzivirira inzira inoshanda kwazvo yekuparadzanisa nekudzivirira masaini akakosha, senge system masaini masaini munzvimbo ine ruzha. Mumufananidzo 21, iyo parallel kana yekudzivirira yedunhu muPCB yakaiswa pamwe nedunhu rekiyi chiratidzo. Dunhu redziviriro haringosiyanise iyo yekubatanidza magineti inogadzirwa nemimwe mitsara yechiratidzo, asi zvakare inoparadzanisa masaini akakosha kubva pakubatana nemamwe masaini mitsara. Musiyano pakati pe shunt line uye mutsara wekudzivirira ndewekuti shunt line haifaniri kugumiswa (yakabatanidzwa pasi), asi magumo ose emutsara wekudzivirira anofanira kubatanidzwa pasi. Kuti uwedzere kudzikisira kubatana, dunhu redziviriro muPCB yakawanda rinogona kuwedzerwa nenzira inoenda pasi pese chikamu.

3. Iyo tambo yemagetsi dhizaini yakavakirwa pakukura kweiyo yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi ikozvino, uye hupamhi hwetambo yemagetsi hwakakora sezvinobvira kuderedza loop kuramba. Panguva imwecheteyo, ita kuti kutungamira kwetambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi uenderane negwaro rekufambiswa kwedata, izvo zvinobatsira kusimudzira kugona kwekurwisa ruzha. Mune imwe kana kaviri mapaneru, kana tambo yemagetsi yakarebesa, decoupling capacitor inofanirwa kuwedzerwa pasi pese 3000 mil, uye kukosha kweiyo capacitor i10uF + 1000pF.

Ground waya kugadzira

Nheyo dzekugadzira waya yepasi ndeiyi:

(1) Ivhu redhijitari rakapatsanurwa kubva kune analog pasi. Kana paine ese ari maviri logic maseketi uye mutsara maseketi pane redunhu bhodhi, anofanirwa kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Ivhu redunhu repasi-frequency rinofanirwa kugadzika mukuenderana pane imwe nzvimbo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kana iyo wiring chaiyo yakaoma, inogona kubatanidzwa zvishoma munhevedzano uye yobva yadzika mukufanana. Iyo yepamusoro-frequency yedunhu inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo dzakawanda munhevedzano, tambo yepasi inofanira kuva pfupi uye yakakodzerwa, uye grid-yakafanana nehombe-nzvimbo yepasi foil inofanira kushandiswa kumativi e-high-frequency component sezvinobvira.

(2) Waya yepasi inofanira kunge yakakora sezvinobvira. Kana tambo yepasi inoshandisa mutsara wakaoma zvikuru, pasi rinogona kuchinja nekuchinja kwezvino, izvo zvinoderedza kupesana kwekuita ruzha. Nokudaro, tambo yepasi inofanira kusimbiswa kuitira kuti ipfuure katatu inobvumirwa ikozvino pabhodhi rakadhindwa. Kana zvichibvira, waya yepasi inofanira kuva 2 ~ 3mm kana kupfuura.

(3) Ruwaya rwepasi runoumba chishwe chakavharwa. Kune mabhodhi akadhindwa anoumbwa chete nemaseketi edhijitari, mazhinji emaseketi avo ekudzika akarongwa muzvishwe kuti avandudze kuramba ruzha.

Signal line design

Kune mitsetse yakakosha yechiratidzo, kana bhodhi iine mukati mechiratidzo wiring layer, mitsetse yakakosha sewachi inofanirwa kuiswa pachikamu chemukati, uye kukoshesa kunopiwa kune yakasarudzika wiring layer. Uye zvakare, mitsetse yakakosha yechiratidzo haifanirwe kufambiswa munzvimbo yekuganhura, kusanganisira mareferensi endege mapundu anokonzerwa nevias nemapads, zvikasadaro zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwenzvimbo yechiratidzo loop. Uye kiyi yechiratidzo mutsara unofanirwa kupfuura 3H kubva kumucheto kweiyo ndege yereferensi (H kureba kwemutsara kubva kundege yereferensi) kudzvanya kumucheto kwemwaranzi maitiro. Kune mitsara yewachi, mitsara yemabhazi, mitsara yeredhiyo uye mamwe mitsara yakasimba yemwaranzi uye kusetazve mitsara yechiratidzo, chip sarudza mitsara yechiratidzo, masisitimu ekudzora masaini uye mimwe mitsetse yechiratidzo inonzwisa tsitsi, zvichengetedze kure neinterface uye mitsara inobuda. Izvi zvinodzivirira kupindira pamutsara wakasimba unopenya wechiratidzo kubva pakubatanidza kusvika kumutsara unobuda uye unopenya kunze; uye zvakare inodzivirira kupindira kwekunze kunounzwa neiyo interface inobuda chiratidzo mutsara kubva pakubatanidza kune inonzwisa chiratidzo mutsara, zvichikonzera system misoperation. Mitsara yechiratidzo yakasiyana inofanira kunge iri pairi imwechete, kureba kwakaenzana, uye inomhanya mukufanana, kuchengetedza impedance inoenderana, uye hapafanirwe kuve neimwe wiring pakati pemitsara yekusiyanisa. Nekuti iyo yakajairika modhi impedance yeiyo mutsara mutsara pairi inovimbiswa kuve yakaenzana, kugona kwayo kwekurwisa-kupindira kunogona kuvandudzwa. Zvinoenderana nemirairo ye wiring iri pamusoro, iyo yakajairwa yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi redunhu remhepo inogadziriswa inovandudzwa uye yakagadziridzwa.