Pcb ( yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi wiring inoita basa rakakosha mumaseketi anomhanya-mhanya. Iri bepa rinonyanya kutaura nezve wiring dambudziko rematunhu-anomhanya maseketi kubva kune anoshanda maonero ekuona. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekubatsira vashandisi vatsva kuti vazive nyaya dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzinofanirwa kutariswa kana uchigadzira PCB wiring yemaseketi anomhanya-mhanya. Chimwe chinangwa ndechekupa inozorodza zvinhu kune vatengi vasina kuburitswa nePCB wiring kwenguva yakati. Nekuda kwenzvimbo ishoma, hazviite kuvhara zvese zvakadzama muchinyorwa chino, asi isu tichakurukura zvikamu zvakakosha zvine simba guru pakuvandudza mashandiro edunhu, kudzora dhizaini nguva, uye kuchengetedza nguva yekushandura.

Maitiro ekugadzira PCB kubva pane inoshanda maonero

Kunyangwe tarisiro pano iri pamaseketi ane chekuita neyekumhanyisa mashandiro ekukudza amplifiers, matambudziko uye nzira dzinokurukurwa pano dzinowanzo shandiswa kune wiring kune mamwe akawanda akachimbidzika maseketi eanalog. Kana maaimplififi anoshanda achishanda mumatanho akakwirira kwazvo eredhiyo (RF), mashandiro edunhu anonyanya kuvimba nePCB wiring. Icho chinotaridzika senge yakanaka yepamusoro-yekuita wedunhu dhizaini pane “yekudhirowa bhodhi” inogona kupedzisira iine epakati mashandiro kana ikatambura neyakajeka wiring. Kufanotarisa uye kutarisisa kune akakosha ruzivo mukati meiyo wiring maitiro kuchabatsira kuverengera chaunoda wedunhu kuita.

Schematic dhizaini

Kunyangwe schematics dzakanaka dzisingavimbise wiring yakanaka, yakanaka wiring inotanga neyakafanira schematics. Iyo dhizaini dhizaini inofanirwa kuve yakanyatso kudhirowa uye chiratidzo chechiratidzo chedunhu rese chinofanirwa kutariswa. Kana iwe uine yakajairwa, yakadzikama chiratidzo kuyerera kubva kuruboshwe uchienda kurudyi muchirongwa, iwe unofanirwa kunge uchingoita wakanaka chiratidzo kuyerera pane iyo PCB. Ipa ruzivo rwakawanda rwakakosha sezvinobvira pane schematic. Nekuti dzimwe nguva wedunhu dhizaini injinjini haisi kuwanikwa, mutengi anotikumbira kuti tibatsire kugadzirisa dambudziko redunhu. Vagadziri, mahunyanzvi uye mainjiniya vanoita basa iri vachatenda zvikuru, kusanganisira isu.

Kunze kwezvakajairwa mareferenzi, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kushivirira kwekukanganisa, ndeupi rumwe ruzivo runofanira kupihwa muchirongwa? Heano mamwe mazano ekushandura yakajairwa schematic kuita yekutanga-kirasi schematic. Wedzera waveform, zvemuchina ruzivo nezvegobvu, rakadhindwa mutsetse kureba, isina chinhu nzvimbo; Ratidza kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoda kuiswa paPCB; Ipa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa, chinhu chakakosha kukosha, ruzivo rwekupisa kupisa, kudzora impedance yakadhindwa mitsara, manotsi, mapfupi wedunhu chiitiko tsananguro… (pakati pevamwe).

Usavimba nemunhu

Kana iwe ukasagadzira yako wiring, ita shuwa yekubvumira yakawanda nguva yekuongorora kaviri iyo cabler dhizaini. Kudzivirira kudiki kwakakosha zana zana mushonga pano. Usatarisira kuti munhu anodzidzisa anzwisise zvauri kufunga. Yako yekuisa uye nhungamiro inonyanya kukosha pakutanga kweiyo wiring dhizaini dhizaini. Ruzivo rwakawanda iwe rwaunogona kupa uye nekuwedzera kubatanidzwa iwe uri mukuita wiring, zvirinani iyo PCB ichave semhedzisiro. Gadza nzvimbo yekupedzisa yeiyo cabling dhizaini injinjini – cheki yekukurumidza yeiyo cabling yekuenderera mushumo iwe yaunoda. Iyi “yakavharwa chiuno” nzira inodzivirira wiring kubva mukutsauka uye nekudaro inoderedza mukana wekugadzirisa zvakare.

Mirairo kune mainjiniya wiring anosanganisira: tsananguro pfupi yemabasa edunhu, piketi dzePCB dzinoratidza kuiswa uye kuburitswa zvinzvimbo, pcbccading ruzivo (semuenzaniso, kuti bhodhi rakakora sei, mangani matanda aripo, ruzivo rwechiratidzo chega chega uye ndege yekumisa – simba rekushandisa , pasi, analog, dijitari uye maRF masaini); Iwo akaturikidzana anoda iwo masaini; Inoda kuiswa kwezvinhu zvakakosha; Iyo chaiyo nzvimbo yechinhu chinopfuura; Ndeapi mitsara yakadhindwa yakakosha; Ndeipi mitsara inoda kudzora impedance yakadhindwa mitsara; Ndeipi mitsara inoda kuenderana nehurefu; Kukura kwezvikamu; Ndeapi mitsara yakadhindwa inoda kuve iri kure (kana padyo) kubva kune imwe neimwe; Ndeipi mitsara inoda kuve kure (kana padyo) kubva kune imwe neimwe; Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoda kuwanikwa kure kubva (kana padyo); Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuiswa pamusoro uye izvo pazasi pePCB? Usambofa wakanyunyuta nezvekupa mumwe munhu ruzivo rwakawandisa – kushoma? Is; Zvakawandisa? Kana.

Chimwe chidzidzo chekudzidza: Makore angangoita gumi apfuura, ini ndakagadzira yakawanda-yakaturikidzana pamusoro pegomo redunhu bhodhi – iyo bhodhi yaive nezvikamu kumativi ese maviri. Iwo mahwendefa akasunganidzwa kugoridhe-rakaifukidza aruminiyamu goko (nekuda kwekuomarara kusingagadzirisike kutaurwa). Pini dzinopa kusarudzika kwekudya-kuburikidza nekupfuura nepabhodhi. Pini yacho yakabatana nePCB newaya yekutenderera. Icho chigadzirwa chakaomesesa. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zviri mubhodhi zvinoshandiswa pakuyedza kuseta (SAT). Asi ini ndatsanangura chaizvo kuti izvi zvikamu zviripi. Iwe unogona here kufungidzira kuti izvo zvinhu izvi zvakaiswa? Pasi pebhodhi, nenzira. Vagadziri vezvigadzirwa uye mahunyanzvi havasi kufara kana vachifanira kutora chinhu chose vochiparadzanisa vochidzosera pamwechete mushure mekunge vapedza kumisikidza. Handina kuita chikanganiso icho kubva ipapo.

nzvimbo

Sezvo muPCB, nzvimbo ndizvo zvese. Iko kunoiswa dunhu pane iyo Pcb, panogadzirirwa matunhu edunhu, uye mamwe maseketi ari padyo nayo ese akakosha kwazvo.

Kazhinji, iyo yekuisa, kuburitsa uye magetsi ekumisikidza zvinzvimbo zvakatemerwa, asi mafambiro ari pakati pavo anoda kuve “ekugadzira”. Ichi chikonzero nei kuteerera kune izvo wiring kunogona kubhadhara mibairo mikuru. Kutanga nenzvimbo yezvinhu zvakakosha, funga nezve dunhu uye nePCB rese. Kutsanangura nzvimbo yezvinhu zvakakosha uye nzira yemasaini kubva pakutanga inobatsira kuona kuti dhizaini inoshanda sekufunga. Kuwana dhizaini iko kwekutanga nguva inoderedza mutengo uye kushushikana – uye nekudaro kutenderera kutenderera.

Bypass iro magetsi

Kupfuura padivi remagetsi gudzazwi kudzikamisa ruzha chinhu chakakosha chePBB dhizaini dhizaini – zvese zveanomhanyisa-ekumhanyisa anoshanda uye mamwe masipidhi anomhanyisa. Pane maviri akajairwa masisitimu ekudarika epamusoro kumhanya anoshanda amplifaya.

Simba rekumisa pasi: Iyi nzira inoshanda zvakanyanya muzviitiko zvakawanda, ichishandisa akawanda shunt capacitors kudzikisa pasi pini dzemagetsi dzeop amp. Iwo maviri shunt capacitors anowanzo kukwana – asi kuwedzera shunt capacitors kunogona kubatsira kune mamwe macircuit.

Kufananidza ma capacitors ane akasiyana capacitance tsika kunobatsira kuona kuti magetsi emagetsi anoona chete yakaderera AC impedance pamusoro yakafara bhendi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pane anoshanda amplifier simba ekuramba ratio (PSR) yekudzivirira frequency. Iyo capacitor inobatsira kutsiva iyo yakaderedzwa PSR yeiyo gudzazwi. Nzira dzinovhundutsa dzinochengetedza yakaderera impedance pamusoro pematanhatu gumi ematanho zvinobatsira kuona kuti ruzha runokuvadza harupinde mumugadziriro unoshanda. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza zvakanakira kushandisa akawanda emagetsi emidziyo midziyo. Panzvimbo dzakaderera mafurati, makuru ma capacitors anopa yakaderera impedance pasi kuwana. Asi kana iwo ma frequency achinge asvika kune yavo resonant frequency, ma capacitors anova mashoma capacitive uye anotora kune hwakawanda hunhu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakakosha kuve nemaaccitors akawanda: sezvo frequency mhinduro yeimwe capacitor ichitanga kuderera, frequency mhinduro yeimwe capacitor inotanga kutamba, nekudaro ichichengetedza yakadzika kwazvo AC impedance pamusoro pegumi-octave.

Tanga zvakananga kubva pini yemagetsi yeanoshanda amplifaya; MaCapacitors ane hushoma capacitance uye hushoma hwepanyama saizi inofanirwa kuiswa kudivi rimwechete rePCB seyekugadzirisa gadziriso – padhuze neiyo gudzazwi sezvinobvira. Iyo yekumisikidza yekupedzisira yeiyo capacitor ichave yakabatana zvakananga kune yekumisikidza ndege nepfupi pini kana yakadhindwa waya. Iyo yekubatanidza yekumisikidza yataurwa pamusoro ichave iri padhuze nemutoro magumo eiyo gudzazwi sezvinobvira kudzikisira kupindirana pakati pesimba nekumisikidza kumagumo. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza iyi yekubatanidza nzira.

Maitiro aya anofanirwa kudzokororwa e-sublarge capacitors. Zviri nani kutanga uine mashoma capacitance e0.01 μF uye isa electrolytic capacitor ine yakaderera yakaenzana nhevedzano kuramba (ESR) ye2.2 μF (kana zvimwe) padyo nayo. Iyo 0.01 μF capacitor ine 0508 dzimba saizi ine yakaderera kwazvo nhepfenyuro inductance uye yakanakisa yakakwira frequency mashandiro.

Simba-kune-simba: Imwe gadziriso inoshandisa imwe kana kupfuura yekupfuura ma capacitors akabatana pakati peakanaka uye asina kunaka simba magumo eanoshanda anowedzera. Iyi nzira inowanzo shandiswa kana zvichinetsa kumisikidza mana ma capacitor mudunhu. Izvo zvinokanganisa ndezvekuti iyo capacitor imba saizi inogona kuwedzera nekuti iyo voltage kuyana neiyo capacitor yakapetwa kaviri kukosha kweimwe-simba yekupfuura nzira. Kuwedzera iyo voltage kunoda kuwedzera iyo yakatarwa kuputsa magetsi emuchina, zvinoreva kuti kuwedzera saizi saizi. Nekudaro, iyi nzira inogona kuvandudza PSR uye kukanganisa maitiro.

Nekuti dunhu rega rega uye wiring zvakasiyana, kumisikidzwa, huwandu, uye kukosha kwe capacitance kwema capacitors kunoenderana nezvinodiwa wedunhu chairo.

Parasiti mhedzisiro

Parasiti mhedzisiro mhedzisiro glitches inopinda muPCB yako uye inokanganisa, kutemwa nemusoro, uye kusanzwisisika kukanganisa padunhu. Iwo akavanzika mapasita capacitors uye inductors ayo anonyura mukati akakwira-anomhanya maseketi. Izvo zvinosanganisira iyo yemhasuru inductance inoumbwa nepakeji pini uye yakadhindwa waya yakarebesa; Parasitic capacitance inoumbwa pakati pepadhi kusvika pasi, padhi kune ndege ine simba uye padhi kudhinda mutsetse; Kufambidzana pakati pe-maburi, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinogona kuitika.