Ungahlola kanjani isifunda esifushane ku PCB ngesikhathi sokuklanywa kwe-PCB, ungathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezibalulekile ukuhlola isifunda esifushane ku-PCB: 1. 2. Isifunda esifushane sokuhlola ebhodini lesifunda; 3. Thola izingxenye ezingalungile ku-PCB; 4. Hlola i-PCB ngokonakalisa.

Isinyathelo 1: Ungasithola kanjani isifunda esifushane ku-PCB

Hlola ngokubuka i-

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubuka ngokucophelela yonke indawo ye-PCB. Uma kunjalo, sebenzisa ingilazi yokukhulisa noma imicroscope yamandla aphansi. Bheka amadevu amathini phakathi kwamapayipi noma amalunga we-solder. Noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka noma amabala ku-solder kufanele kuqashelwe. Bheka yonke imbobo. Uma kungafakwanga izimbobo kucacisiwe, qiniseka ukuthi kunjalo ebhodini. Izimbobo ezivalwe kabi zingadala ukujikeleza okufishane phakathi kwezendlalelo futhi zenze konke onakho, i-VCC noma womabili ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Uma isifunda esifushane sibi impela futhi sibangela ukuthi ingxenye ifinyelele izinga lokushisa elibucayi, uzobona empeleni izindawo zokusha ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Zingaba zincane, kodwa ziphenduke zibe nsundu esikhundleni se-flux ejwayelekile eluhlaza. Uma unamabhodi amaningi, i-PCB eshile ingakusiza unciphise indawo ethile ngaphandle kokunika amandla elinye ibhodi, ukuze ungadeli ibanga lokusesha. Ngeshwa, bekungekho okushile ebhodini lethu lesifunda uqobo, iminwe nje engenamsebenzi ebheka ukubona ukuthi isifunda esihlanganisiwe besishisa kakhulu yini. Amanye amasekethe amafushane azokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwebhodi futhi ngeke akhiqize amaphuzu omlilo. Lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi abahehi ukunakwa kusendlalelo saphezulu. Kuleli qophelo, uzodinga ezinye izindlela ukuthola amasekethe amafushane ku-PCB.

Ukucabanga okungahambi kahle

Ukusebenzisa i-infrared thermal imager kungakusiza ukuthi uthole izindawo ezikhiqiza ukushisa okuningi. Uma into esebenzayo ingabonakali isuka endaweni eshisayo, isekhethi elifushane le-PCB kungenzeka noma ngabe kwenzeka phakathi kwezendlalelo zangaphakathi. Amasekhethi amafushane ngokuvamile anokumelana okuphezulu kunamajoyinti ajwayelekile wiring noma ama-solder ngoba awanayo inzuzo yokwenza kahle ekwakhiweni (ngaphandle kokuthi ufuna ukungakunaki ukuhlolwa komthetho). Lokhu kumelana, kanye nesikhathi samanje semvelo esiphakeme esenziwe ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kokuphakelwa kwamandla nomhlabathi, kusho ukuthi umqhubi wesifunda esifushane se-PCB uyashisa. Qala nge-low low ongayisebenzisa. Ngokufanelekile, uzobona isifunda esifushane ngaphambi kokwenza umonakalo omkhulu.

Ukuhlolwa komunwe kuyindlela yokubheka ukuthi ngabe into ethile ishisa ngokweqile

Isinyathelo 2: Ngiwahlola kanjani amasekethe amafushane ebhodini likagesi

Ngaphezu kwesinyathelo sokuqala sokubheka ibhodi ngeso elithembekile, kunezinye izindlela eziningi ongabheka ngazo izimbangela ezingaba khona zamasekethe ama-PCB amafushane.

Hlola nge-multimeter yedijithali

Ukuhlola ibhodi lesifunda ukuthola isekhethi elifushane, hlola ukumelana phakathi kwamaphoyinti ahlukene kusifunda. Uma ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kungadaluli noma yiziphi izinkomba zendawo noma imbangela yesifunda esifushane, bamba i-multimeter bese uzama ukuthola indawo ebonakalayo ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Indlela ye-multimeter ithole ukubuyekezwa okuxubekile kuzithangami eziningi ze-elekthronikhi, kepha amaphuzu okuhlola okulandelwayo angakusiza ukukhomba izinkinga. Uzodinga i-multimeter enhle kakhulu enokuzwela kwe-milliohm, okulula kakhulu uma inomsebenzi we-buzzer ukukuxwayisa lapho uthola amasekethe amafushane. Isibonelo, ukumelana okuphezulu kufanele kukalwe uma ukumelana kukalwa phakathi kwezintambo noma amaphedi aseduze ku-PCB. Uma ukumelana okulinganiswa phakathi kwabaqhubi ababili okufanele babe kusekethe ehlukile kuphansi kakhulu, abaqhubi bobabili bangahle bahlanganiswe ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Qaphela ukuthi izintambo ezimbili eziseduze noma amapayipi aboshwe nge-inductor (ngokwesibonelo kumanethiwekhi afanayo we-impedance noma amasekethe wokuhlunga ahlukile) azokhiqiza ukufundwa okuphansi kakhulu ngoba i-inductor ingumqhubi wekhoyili kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma abaqhubi ebhodini beqhelelene kakhulu, futhi ukumelana okufundayo kuncane, kuzoba nebhuloho kwenye indawo ebhodini.

Kuhlobene nokuhlolwa komhlaba

Okubaluleke kakhulu izifunda ezincane ezibandakanya izimbobo zomhlaba noma izingqimba zomhlaba. Ama-PCBS amaningi anezisekelo zangaphakathi azofaka indlela yokubuyela enhlanganweni eseduze nomgodi, ukuhlinzeka ngendawo elula yokuhlola zonke ezinye izimbobo namaphayinti kusendlalelo sebhodi. Beka iphenyo elilodwa ekuxhumaneni komhlaba bese uthinta elinye iphenyo komunye umqhubi ebhodini. Ukuxhumeka okufanayo komhlaba kuzoba khona kwenye indawo ebhodini, okusho ukuthi uma uphenyo ngalunye luxhunyaniswa nezimbobo ezimbili ezihlukene zomhlaba, ukufunda kuzoba kuncane. Qaphela ukwakheka kwakho lapho wenza lokhu, ngoba awufuni ukwenza iphutha isifunda esifushane sokuxhuma okuvamile komhlaba. Bonke abanye abaqhubi abangenalutho abangenalutho bayoba nokumelana okuphezulu phakathi kokuxhuma okuvamile nomqhubi uqobo. Uma amanani afundwayo ephansi futhi kungekho ukwehliswa phakathi komqhubi okhulunywa ngaye nomhlabathi, ukulimala kwengxenye noma ukujikeleza okufishane kungaba imbangela.

Ama-multimeter probes angakusiza uthole izindlela ezimfushane, kepha azizweli ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokwanele ukuthola izindlela ezifushane.

Izingxenye zesifunda ezimfushane

Ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe into isetshenziselwa izijikelezo ezimfushane, sebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ukumelana.Uma ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kungadaluli i-solder eyeqile noma insimbi yensimbi phakathi kwamapayipi, kungahle kube khona isifunda esifushane kusendlalelo sangaphakathi phakathi kwamaphakethe / izikhonkwane ezimbili emhlanganweni. Amasekhethi amafushane kungenzeka futhi ukuthi abe phakathi kwamaphakethe / izikhonkwane emihlanganweni ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kabi. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi i-PCB ihlolwe i-DFM nemithetho yokwakhiwa. Amapayipi nezimbobo ezisondelene kakhulu zingabhulohwa ngephutha noma zifinyezwe isikhashana ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lapha, udinga ukukala ukumelana phakathi kwezikhonkwane ku-IC noma isixhumi. Izikhonkwane eziseduze zithambekele ekujikelezeni okufishane, kepha akuzona ukuphela kwezindawo lapho ukwenziwa kwesikhashana kufinyelela khona. Bheka ukuthi ukumelana phakathi kwamaphakethe / izikhonkwane kuhlobene yini nokuthi uxhumano lomhlabathi lunokumelana okuphansi.

Hlola ukumelana phakathi kwesihlalo somhlabathi, isixhumi nezinye izikhonkwane ezikwi-IC. Isixhumi se-USB siboniswa lapha.

Indawo emincane

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kunesifunda esifushane phakathi kwabaqhubi ababili noma phakathi komqhubi nomhlabathi, unganciphisa indawo ngokuhlola abaqhubi abaseduze. Xhuma ukuhola okukodwa kwe-multimeter ekuxhumekeni okusolwayo okusetshenziswa okwesikhashana, hambisa okunye kuholele ekuxhumekeni okuhlukile kokumisa okuseduze, bese uhlola ukumelana. Njengoba uqhubekela phambili endaweni ephansi, kufanele ubone ushintsho ekumelaneni. Uma ukumelana kukhuphuka, ususa ucingo olugxishiwe ukusuka endaweni yesikhashana. Lokhu kukusiza unciphise indawo ngqo yesekethe emfushane, ngisho nakumaphedi / izikhonkwane ezithile entweni leyo.

Isinyathelo 3: Ngizithola kanjani izinto ezinamaphutha ku-PCB

Izinto ezinamaphutha noma izinto ezifakwe ngendlela engafanele zingadala isifunda esifushane, esingadala izinkinga eziningi ebhodini. Izingxenye zakho zingahle zibe nephutha noma zenziwe ngomgunyathi, zidale amasekethe amafushane noma amasekethe amafushane.

Into engemihle

Ezinye izingxenye zithambekele ekuwohlokeni, njengama-capacitor e-electrolytic. Uma unezinto ezisolisayo, hlola lezo zinto kuqala. Uma ungabaza, uvame ukwenza usesho olusheshayo lwe-Google lwezinto ezisolwa ngokuthi “ziyahluleka” ukuthola ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuyinkinga ejwayelekile. Uma ulinganisa ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamaphakethe / izikhonkwane ezimbili (azikho phakathi kwazo izikhonkwane zomhlaba noma zamandla), ungahle ufinyelelwe ngenxa yezingxenye ezishile. Lokhu kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-capacitor yephuliwe. I-capacitor nayo iyanweba uma isiwohloka noma i-voltage esetshenzisiwe yeqa umkhawulo wokuwohloka.

Bona iqhubu phezulu kwalesi capacitor? Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-capacitor ilimele.

Isinyathelo 4: Ngiyihlola kanjani i-PCB ngokonakalisa

Ukuhlola okubhubhisayo kusobala ukuthi kuyisinqumo sokugcina. Uma ungasebenzisa i-X-ray imaging device, ungabheka ngaphakathi kwebhodi lesifunda ngaphandle kokuyilimaza. Uma ingekho idivayisi ye-X-ray, ungaqala ukukhipha izingxenye uphinde usebenzise izivivinyo ze-multimeter futhi. Lokhu kusiza ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, kukunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kwamapayipi (kufaka phakathi ama-pads wokushisa) angahle ajikeleze. Okwesibili, kuqeda ukuthi kungenzeka kube nephutha elibangela isifunda esifushane, kukuvumela ukuthi ugxile kumqhubi. Uma uzama ukwehlisa uye lapho isekhethi elifushane lixhunywe khona entweni (ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwamaphayinti amabili), kungahle kungabonakali ukuthi ngabe ingxenye leyo inephutha noma ngabe kutholakala isifunda esifushane kwenye indawo ebhodini. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungadingeka ukuthi ususe umhlangano bese uhlola amaphedi ebhodini. Ukususa umhlangano kukuvumela ukuthi uvivinye ukuthi ngabe umhlangano ngokwawo unephutha noma ukuthi amaphedi ebhodini abhodlisiwe ngaphakathi.

Uma indawo yesekethe emfushane (noma mhlawumbe amasekhethi amafushane amaningi) ihlala ingatholakali, sika ibhodi bese uzama ukuyinciphisa. Uma unombono wokuthi isifunda esifushane sikuvamile, sika isigaba sebhodi bese uphinda isivivinyo se-multimeter kuleso sigaba. Kuleli qophelo, ungaphinda izivivinyo ezingenhla nge-multimeter ukubheka amasekethe amafushane ezindaweni ezithile. Uma usufinyelele kuleli phuzu, izikhindi zakho beziyinkinga kakhulu. Lokhu okungenani kuzokuvumela ukuthi unciphise isifunda esifushane endaweni ethile yebhodi.