Kafin zayyana PCB mai yawa allon, mai zane yana buƙatar fara tantance tsarin allon da’ira da aka yi amfani da shi bisa ga ma’aunin kewayawa, girman allon da’ira da kuma dacewa da yanayin lantarki (EMC), wato, yanke shawarar ko za a yi amfani da yadudduka 4, 6, ko Ƙarin yadudduka na allon kewayawa. . Bayan kayyade adadin yadudduka, ƙayyade inda za a sanya yadudduka na lantarki na ciki da kuma yadda za a rarraba sigina daban-daban akan waɗannan yadudduka. Wannan shine zaɓin tsarin tari na PCB multilayer.

Laminated Tsarin abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke shafar aikin EMC na allunan PCB, kuma yana da mahimmancin hanya don murkushe tsangwama na lantarki. Wannan labarin yana gabatar da abubuwan da suka dace na tsarin tari na hukumar PCB multilayer.

Bayan kayyade adadin wutar lantarki, ƙasa da siginar sigina, tsarin dangi na su shine batun da kowane injiniya na PCB ba zai iya guje wa ba;

Babban ka’ida na tsarin Layer:

1. Don ƙayyade tsarin laminated na kwamitin PCB multilayer, ƙarin dalilai suna buƙatar la’akari. Daga mahangar wiring, yawan yadudduka, mafi kyawun wayoyi, amma farashi da wahalar kera jirgi shima zai karu. Ga masana’antun, ko tsarin laminated yana da ma’ana ko a’a shine abin da ake mayar da hankali a hankali lokacin da aka kera allon PCB, don haka zaɓin adadin adadin yadudduka yana buƙatar la’akari da buƙatun dukkan fannoni don cimma daidaito mafi kyau. Don ƙwararrun masu zanen kaya, bayan kammala tsarin da aka riga aka tsara na abubuwan da aka gyara, za su mai da hankali kan nazarin ƙwanƙolin igiyar waya ta PCB. Haɗa tare da sauran kayan aikin EDA don nazarin yawan wayoyi na allon kewayawa; sannan haɗa lamba da nau’ikan layin sigina tare da buƙatun wayoyi na musamman, kamar layin bambance-bambance, layukan sigina masu mahimmanci, da sauransu, don tantance adadin siginar sigina; sannan kuma bisa ga nau’in samar da wutar lantarki, warewa da tsangwama Abubuwan da ake buƙata don ƙayyade adadin yadudduka na lantarki na ciki. Ta wannan hanyar, ana ƙididdige adadin adadin yadudduka na dukkan allon kewayawa.

2. Ƙarƙashin ɓangaren ɓangaren (launi na biyu) shine filin jirgin sama, wanda ke ba da kariya ta na’urar da kuma jirgin sama mai mahimmanci don manyan wayoyi; siginar siginar mai mahimmanci ya kamata ya kasance kusa da Layer na lantarki na ciki (ikon ciki / ƙasa Layer), ta yin amfani da babban fim ɗin lantarki na ciki na Copper don samar da kariya ga siginar sigina. Ya kamata Layer watsa sigina mai sauri a cikin da’irar ya zama sigina na tsaka-tsakin sigina da sandwiched tsakanin yadudduka na lantarki na ciki biyu. Ta wannan hanyar, fim ɗin jan ƙarfe na nau’ikan lantarki biyu na ciki na iya samar da garkuwar electromagnetic don watsa sigina mai sauri, kuma a lokaci guda, yana iya ƙayyadadden tasirin siginar mai sauri tsakanin nau’ikan lantarki na ciki biyu ba tare da haifar da lalacewa ba. tsangwama na waje.

3. Dukkan siginar siginar suna kusa da yiwuwar jirgin sama;

4. Yi ƙoƙarin kauce wa siginar sigina biyu kai tsaye kusa da juna; yana da sauƙi a gabatar da magana tsakanin siginar da ke kusa da shi, yana haifar da gazawar aikin kewayawa. Ƙara jirgin saman ƙasa tsakanin siginar siginar biyu na iya guje wa yin magana da kyau yadda ya kamata.

5. Babban tushen wutar lantarki yana kusa da shi daidai;

6. Yi la’akari da ma’auni na tsarin laminated.

7. Domin tsarin shimfidar motherboard, yana da wahala ga na’urorin da ake da su su iya sarrafa layi daya mai nisa. Don mitar aiki na matakin jirgi sama da 50MHZ (duba yanayin da ke ƙasa 50MHZ, da fatan za a shakata da kyau), ana ba da shawarar shirya ka’ida:

Fuskar bangaren da farfajiyar walda, cikakken jirgin sama ne na kasa (garkuwa);Babu nau’ikan wayoyi masu kama da juna;Dukkan siginar yadudduka suna kusa da jirgin kasa;

Siginar maɓalli yana kusa da ƙasa kuma baya ketare ɓangaren.

Lura: Lokacin saita takamaiman yadudduka na PCB, waɗannan ƙa’idodin da ke sama yakamata a ƙware su cikin sassauƙa. Dangane da fahimtar ka’idodin da ke sama, bisa ga ainihin abubuwan da ake buƙata na kwamiti guda ɗaya, kamar: ko maɓallin wiring Layer, samar da wutar lantarki, ana buƙatar rarraba jirgin sama, da dai sauransu, Ƙayyade tsari na yadudduka, kuma kada’ t kawai kwafa shi a hankali, ko riƙe shi.

8. Yadudduka na lantarki da yawa na ƙasa na ciki na iya rage tasirin ƙasa yadda ya kamata. Misali, siginar siginar A da siginar siginar B suna amfani da jiragen sama daban-daban, wanda zai iya rage tsangwama ga yanayin gama gari yadda ya kamata.

Tsarin da aka saba amfani dashi: allo mai Layer 4

Mai zuwa yana amfani da misali na allo mai Layer 4 don kwatanta yadda ake inganta tsari da haɗe-haɗe na sifofi daban-daban.

Don allunan Layer Layer 4 da aka saba amfani da su, akwai hanyoyin tarawa masu zuwa (daga sama zuwa ƙasa).

(1) Siganl_1 (Na sama), GND (Cikin_1), WUTA (Cikin_2), Siganl_2 (Bttom).

(2) Siganl_1 (Na sama), WUTA (Cikin_1), GND (Cikin_2), Siganl_2 (Bttom).

(3) WUTA (Na sama), Siganl_1 (Cikin_1), GND (Cikin_2), Siganl_2 (Kasa).

Babu shakka, zaɓi na 3 ba shi da ingantacciyar haɗakarwa tsakanin madaurin wutar lantarki da ƙasa kuma bai kamata a ɗauka ba.

To ta yaya za a zaɓi zaɓi na 1 da na 2?

A karkashin yanayi na al’ada, masu zanen kaya za su zabi zaɓi na 1 a matsayin tsarin tsarin katako na 4. Dalilin zaɓin ba shine zaɓi na 2 ba za a iya ɗauka ba, amma cewa hukumar PCB ta gabaɗaya tana sanya abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a saman saman, don haka ya fi dacewa a ɗauki zaɓi na 1.

Amma lokacin da ake buƙatar sanya abubuwan da aka haɗa a kan duka saman saman da ƙasa, kuma dielectric kauri tsakanin layin wutar lantarki na ciki da ƙasan ƙasa yana da girma kuma haɗakarwa ba ta da kyau, ya kamata a yi la’akari da wane Layer yana da ƙananan sigina. Don Zaɓin 1, akwai ƙananan sigina na sigina a ƙasan ƙasa, kuma ana iya amfani da fim ɗin jan karfe mai girma don haɗawa tare da Layer POWER; akasin haka, idan an tsara abubuwan da aka gyara akan Layer na ƙasa, yakamata a yi amfani da zaɓi na 2 don yin allon.

Idan an karɓi tsarin da aka lakafta, an riga an haɗa madaurin wutar lantarki da ƙasan ƙasa. Idan aka yi la’akari da buƙatun daidaitawa, tsarin 1 gabaɗaya ana ɗauka.

6-alamar Layer

Bayan kammala nazarin tsarin da aka lakafta na allon 4-Layer, mai zuwa yana amfani da misali na haɗin ginin 6-Layer don kwatanta tsari da haɗuwa da katako na 6 da kuma hanyar da aka fi so.

(1) Siganl_1 (Na sama), GND (Cikin_1), Siganl_2 (Cikin_2), Siganl_3 (Cikin_3), ƙarfi (Cikin_4), Siganl_4 (Bttom).

Magani 1 yana amfani da siginar siginar 4 da 2 na ciki na wuta / ƙasa, tare da ƙarin siginar sigina, wanda ya dace da aikin wayoyi tsakanin sassan, amma lahani na wannan bayani kuma ya fi bayyana, wanda aka bayyana a cikin wadannan bangarori biyu:

① Jirgin wutar lantarki da na kasa sun yi nisa, kuma ba su da isasshen haɗin kai.

② Layin siginar Siganl_2 (Inner_2) da Siganl_3 (Inner_3) suna kusa da juna kai tsaye, don haka keɓewar siginar ba ta da kyau kuma yana da sauƙin faruwa.

(2) Siganl_1 (Na sama), Siganl_2 (Cikin_1), WUTA (Cikin_2), GND (Cikin_3), Siganl_3 (Cikin_4), Siganl_4 (Bttom).

Tsarin 2 Idan aka kwatanta da makirci na 1, layin wutar lantarki da jirgin saman ƙasa an haɗa su gaba ɗaya, wanda yana da wasu fa’idodi akan makirci 1, amma

Siganl_1 (Top) da Siganl_2 (Inner_1) da Siganl_3 (Inner_4) da Siganl_4 (Bttom) siginar yadudduka suna kusa da juna kai tsaye. Warewar siginar ba ta da kyau, kuma ba a warware matsalar ta hanyar tattaunawa.

(3) Siganl_1 (Na sama), GND (Cikin_1), Siganl_2 (Cikin_2), WUTA (Cikin_3), GND (Cikin_4), Siganl_3 (Bttom).

Idan aka kwatanta da Tsarin 1 da Tsarin 2, Tsarin 3 yana da ƙaramin siginar sigina ɗaya da ƙarin Layer na lantarki na ciki. Kodayake yadudduka da ake samu don wayoyi sun ragu, wannan makirci yana warware lahani na gama gari na Tsarin 1 da Tsarin 2.

① Jirgin wutar lantarki da jirgin ƙasa suna haɗe sosai.

② Kowane siginar siginar yana kusa da layin lantarki na ciki, kuma an keɓe shi da kyau daga sauran siginar sigina, kuma magana ba ta da sauƙin faruwa.

③ Siganl_2 (Inner_2) yana kusa da nau’ikan lantarki na ciki biyu GND (Inner_1) da POWER (Inner_3), waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don isar da sigina masu sauri. Wuraren lantarki na ciki biyu na iya kare tsangwama daga duniyar waje zuwa Siganl_2 (Inner_2) Layer da tsangwama daga Siganl_2 (Cikin_2) zuwa duniyar waje.

A kowane bangare, tsarin 3 a bayyane yake shine mafi ingantacce. A lokaci guda, tsarin 3 shima tsarin laminated ne da aka saba amfani dashi don allunan Layer 6. Ta hanyar nazarin misalai guda biyu na sama, na yi imani cewa mai karatu yana da fahimtar tsarin cascading, amma a wasu lokuta, wani makirci ba zai iya cika dukkan buƙatun ba, wanda ke buƙatar la’akari da fifikon ka’idodin ƙira daban-daban. Abin baƙin cikin shine, saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar kewayawa tana da alaƙa da alaƙa da halaye na ainihin kewaye, aikin hana tsangwama da ƙirar ƙira na da’irori daban-daban sun bambanta, don haka a zahiri waɗannan ka’idodin ba su da fifikon fifiko don tunani. Amma abin da ke da tabbas shi ne cewa ƙirar ƙirar 2 (lashin wutar lantarki na ciki da ƙasan ƙasa ya kamata a haɗa su sosai) yana buƙatar haɗuwa da farko a cikin ƙirar, kuma idan ana buƙatar isar da sigina masu sauri a cikin kewayawa, to tsarin ƙirar 3 (Layin watsa sigina mai sauri a cikin kewaye) Ya kamata ya zama siginar matsakaiciyar siginar da sandwiched tsakanin matakan lantarki na ciki biyu) dole ne a gamsu.

10-alamar Layer

PCB na al’ada 10-Layer allon zane

Tsarin wayoyi na gabaɗaya shine TOP–GND — siginar sigina — Layer power — GND — siginar Layer — Layer power — siginar sigina — GND — BOTTOM

Tsarin wayoyi da kansa ba lallai ba ne a kayyade, amma akwai wasu ka’idoji da ka’idoji don taƙaita shi: Misali, layin da ke kusa da saman saman da Layer na ƙasa suna amfani da GND don tabbatar da halayen EMC na allon guda ɗaya; misali, kowane siginar siginar zai fi dacewa yana amfani da Layer na GND azaman jirgin sama; wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin allunan guda ɗaya an fi dacewa da shi akan kowane yanki na tagulla; mai saukin kamuwa, babban sauri, kuma ya fi son tafiya tare da Layer na ciki na tsalle, da dai sauransu.