PCB zane

A cikin kowane ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa, ƙirar zahiri na Kwamitin PCB shine mahada ta ƙarshe. Idan hanyar ƙirar ba daidai ba ce, PCB na iya yin katsalandan na lantarki da yawa, wanda ke haifar da rashin aiki na wutar lantarki. Na gaba shine nazarin abubuwan da ake buƙata don kulawa a kowane mataki.

Daga zane mai tsari zuwa tsarin ƙirar PCB

Saita sigogin sashi -> Input netlist netlist -> Tsarin saiti na ƙira -> Tsarin hannu -> Kebul na hannu -> Tabbatar da ƙira -> Dubawa – & gt; Farashin CAM.

Saitunan siga

Tazara tsakanin wayoyin da ke kusa dole ne ya cika buƙatun amincin lantarki, kuma don dacewa da aiki da samarwa, yakamata tazara ta kasance mai faɗi sosai. The minimum spacing should be suitable for the voltage at least. When the wiring density is low, the spacing of signal lines can be appropriately increased. For the signal lines with high and low level disparity, the spacing should be as short as possible and the spacing should be increased.

Nisa tsakanin gefen ramin ciki na kushin da gefen allon da aka buga ya zama ya fi 1mm don gujewa lahani na kushin yayin injin. Lokacin da waya da aka haɗa da kushin ta yi ƙanƙanta, haɗin da ke tsakanin kushin da waya an tsara shi zuwa sifar ɗigon ruwa. Amfanin shi ne cewa kushin ba shi da sauƙi don kwasfa, amma waya da kushin ba su da sauƙi a cire haɗin.

Component layout

Practice has proved that even if the circuit schematic design is correct and the printed circuit board design is improper, the reliability of electronic equipment will be adversely affected.

For example, if two thin parallel lines of a printed board are close together, there will be a delay in the signal waveform, resulting in reflected noise at the end of the transmission line. Shisshigin da ke haifar da samar da wutar lantarki da waya ta kasa zai kaskantar da aikin samfurin. Don haka, lokacin zayyana allon da’irar da aka buga, ya kamata a mai da hankali kan hanyar da ta dace.

Kowane wutan lantarki mai sauyawa yana da madaukai huɗu na yanzu:

① Ac circuit of power switch

Put Fitarwa mai gyara AC kewaye

Tushen siginar shigarwa madauki na yanzu

Put Fitar da madaidaicin madauki Input madauki

Ta hanyar cajin capacitor ɗin shigarwa tare da kimanin dc na yanzu, mai tace capacitor galibi yana taka rawar adana wutar lantarki mai faɗi. Hakanan, ana amfani da masu tace matattarar fitarwa don adana ƙarfin mitar mitar daga mai gyara yayin fitarwa dc makamashi daga madaidaicin kayan fitarwa.

Sabili da haka, tashoshin wayoyi na shigar da fitarwa masu tace matattarar suna da matukar mahimmanci. Shigar da fitarwa madaukai na yau da kullun yakamata a haɗa su da wutar lantarki kawai daga tashoshin wayoyi na capacitor tace bi da bi. Idan haɗin tsakanin da’irar shigarwa/fitarwa da maɓallin juyawa/madaidaicin madaidaiciya ba za a iya haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tashar mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba, ƙarfin ac zai wuce ta shigarwar ko fitarwa tace capacitor kuma ya haskaka cikin muhalli.

Hanyoyin ac na sauya wutar lantarki da mai gyara suna ƙunshe da madaidaicin madaidaicin trapezoidal, waɗanda ke da babban haɗin jituwa da mitar da ta fi ƙarfin mahimmancin sauyawa. Mafi girman amplitude na iya zama har sau 5 na ci gaba da shigarwa/fitarwa dc na yanzu. Lokacin miƙa mulki yawanci kusan 50ns ne.

Wuraren biyun suna iya haifar da tsangwama na lantarki, don haka dole ne sauran wirin da aka buga a cikin wutan lantarki zuwa zane kafin waɗannan da’irorin ac, kowanne madauki manyan abubuwa uku na matattara mai tacewa, maɓallin wuta ko mai gyara, inductor ko transformer za a sanya su kusa ga juna, daidaita tafarkin da ke yanzu tsakanin matsayin kashi ya sanya su a takaice.

Hanya mafi kyau don kafa tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai sauyawa yana kama da ƙirar lantarki, mafi kyawun tsarin ƙira shine kamar haka:

Wurin gidan wuta

② Tsara madaidaicin madaidaicin madauki na yanzu

③ Zayyana madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madauki

Circuit Wurin sarrafawa da aka haɗa da madaidaicin wutar lantarki na AC

wiring

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai sauyawa yana ƙunshe da siginar mitar mitar, kuma kowane layin da aka buga akan PCB zai iya aiki azaman eriya. Tsawon da faɗin layin da aka buga zai shafi rashin ƙarfin sa da raɗaɗin inductive, don haka yana shafar amsawar mitar. Hatta layukan da aka buga waɗanda ke wucewa ta siginar dc za a iya haɗa su zuwa siginar rf daga layin da aka buga kusa da haifar da matsalolin kewaye (ko ma sake sake siginar tsangwama).

Don haka duk layukan da aka buga waɗanda ke gudana ta hanyar ac na yanzu don haka yakamata a tsara su don su zama gajeru da faɗi kamar yadda zai yiwu, wanda ke nufin cewa duk abubuwan haɗin da aka haɗa da layukan da aka buga da sauran layukan wutar lantarki dole ne a sanya su kusa da juna.

Tsawon layin da aka buga yana daidai gwargwadon ikon sa da kuma hana shi, kuma faɗin ya yi daidai da ƙira da rashin daidaiton layin da aka buga. Tsawon yana nuna tsawon zancen martanin layin da aka buga. Tsawon tsayin, ƙaramin mitar layin da aka buga zai iya aikawa da karɓar raƙuman ruwa na lantarki, da ƙarin ƙarfin rf zai iya haskakawa.

Dangane da girman faifan da’irar da aka buga a halin yanzu, gwargwadon iko don ƙara faɗin layin wutar, rage juriya na madauki. A lokaci guda, sanya layin wutar lantarki, layin ƙasa da shugabanci na yau da kullun, wanda ke taimakawa haɓaka ikon hana amo.

Ƙasa ƙasa ita ce reshen ƙasa na da’irori huɗu na yanzu na sauya wutar lantarki, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin maƙasudin abin da ke kewaye, kuma hanya ce mai mahimmanci don sarrafa tsangwama. Sabili da haka, a hankali la’akari da igiyoyin ƙasa a cikin shimfidar wuri. Haɗa igiyoyin ƙasa na iya haifar da wutar lantarki mara tsayayye.

duba

An kammala ƙirar wayoyi, ya zama dole a hankali bincika ƙirar wayoyi ta masu zanen kaya ya yi daidai da ƙa’idodi, ƙa’idodi a lokaci guda kuma suna buƙatar tabbatarwa ko daidai da buƙatar tsarin samar da PCB, layin dubawa gaba ɗaya zuwa layi, pad da haɗin guntun abubuwa, layi da sadarwa pores, pad bonding element da sadarwa pores, ta cikin rami da tazara tsakanin rami ta dace, ko don biyan buƙatun samarwa.

Ko faɗin igiyar wutar da waya ta ƙasa ta dace, kuma ko akwai dakin da za a faɗaɗa waya ta ƙasa a cikin PCB. Lura: Ana iya yin watsi da wasu kurakurai, alal misali, an sanya wani ɓangare na Shafi na wasu masu haɗawa a waje da firam ɗin, don haka ba daidai ba ne a duba tazara; Bugu da ƙari, bayan kowane gyare-gyare na wayoyi da rami, ya zama dole a sake jan jan ƙarfe sau ɗaya.

Yi bita gwargwadon “jerin abubuwan dubawa na PCB”, gami da ƙa’idodin ƙira, ma’anar layin, faɗin layi, tazara, gammaye, Saitunan rami, amma kuma suna mai da hankali kan bita na sahihancin tsarin kayan aiki, samar da wutar lantarki, hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙasa, agogo mai saurin gudu. wayoyin sadarwa da garkuwa, datsa wurin sakawa da haɗi.

Fitar da ƙira

Bayanan kula don fayilolin zane mai fitarwa:

(1) Buƙatar fitarwa Layer wiring Layer (ƙasa), allon bugawa Layer (gami da bugun allo na sama, bugun allo na ƙasa), Layer waldi (walda na ƙasa), ramin hakowa (ƙasa), ban da samar da fayil ɗin hakowa (NC Drill)

② Lokacin saita Layer na Layer bugu na allo, kada ku zaɓi Nau’in Sashi, zaɓi Fitowa, Rubutu da layin saman (ƙasa) da Layer bugu na allo.

③ Lokacin saita Layer na kowane Layer, zaɓi Shafin allo. Lokacin saita Layer na Layer bugu na allo, kada ku zaɓi Nau’in Sashi, kuma zaɓi Fitowa da Rubutun saman (ƙasa) da Layer bugu na allo..