Kupanga kwa PCB

Pazosinthira zamagetsi zilizonse, kapangidwe kake ka PCB bolodi is the last link. If the design method is improper, the PCB may radiate too much electromagnetic interference, resulting in the unstable work of the power supply. The following is an analysis of the matters needed to pay attention to in each step.

Kuchokera pamayendedwe amachitidwe a PCB kapangidwe kake

Set up component parameters – > Input principle netlist – > Kukhazikitsa magawo -> Kapangidwe kabuku -> Manual cabling – > Tsimikizani kapangidwe -> Unikani – & gt; Kutulutsa kwa CAM.

Zikhazikiko za parameter

Kusiyana pakati pa mawaya oyandikana kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo chamagetsi, komanso kuti ntchito igwiritsidwe bwino ndikupanga, malo ayenera kukhala otakata momwe angathere. The minimum spacing should be suitable for the voltage at least. When the wiring density is low, the spacing of signal lines can be appropriately increased. For the signal lines with high and low level disparity, the spacing should be as short as possible and the spacing should be increased.

Mtunda pakati pa m’mphepete mwa dzenje lamkati la pedi ndi m’mphepete mwa bolodi losindikizidwa liyenera kukhala lokulirapo kuposa 1mm kupewa zopindika za pedi panthawi yamagetsi. Pamene waya wolumikizidwa ndi pedi ndi wocheperako, kulumikizana pakati pa pedi ndi waya kumapangidwa kukhala kodontha. Ubwino ndikuti padi sikophweka, koma waya ndi pedi sizovuta kuzimitsa.

Component layout

Practice has proved that even if the circuit schematic design is correct and the printed circuit board design is improper, the reliability of electronic equipment will be adversely affected.

For example, if two thin parallel lines of a printed board are close together, there will be a delay in the signal waveform, resulting in reflected noise at the end of the transmission line. Kusokonezedwa komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi magetsi ndi waya wolowera kumawononga magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, popanga bolodi losindikiza, chisamaliro chikuyenera kulipidwa pa njira yolondola.

Mphamvu iliyonse yosinthira ili ndi malupu anayi apano:

① Ac circuit of power switch

Circuit Linanena bungwe rectifier AC dera

Chizindikiro cholowetsera chizolowezi chamakono

Load Linanena bungwe katundu wapano kuzungulira Kulowetsa kuzungulira

Pogwiritsira ntchito capacitor yowonjezera ndi DC yomwe ilipo, fyuluta yamagetsi imagwira ntchito yosungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi. Mofananamo, zotulutsa zosefera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasungidwa kuti zizisunga mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera pazomwe zimatulutsa pomwe kumachotsa mphamvu za DC pazotulutsa katundu.

Therefore, the wiring terminals of the input and output filter capacitors are very important. The input and output current loops should be connected to the power supply only from the wiring terminals of the filter capacitor respectively. Ngati kulumikizana pakati pa gawo lolowetsa / kutulutsa ndi magetsi osinthira / dera lokonzanso silingalumikizidwe mwachindunji ndi malo a capacitor, mphamvu ya ac idzadutsa pazowonjezera kapena zotulutsa fyuluta capacitor ndikuwala m’chilengedwe.

Ma circuits a magetsi osinthira magetsi ndi chowongolera amakhala ndi ma matalikidwe apamwamba kwambiri a trapezoidal, omwe ali ndi gawo logwirizana kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi kwambiri kuposa pafupipafupi kusinthaku. Kukula kwamphamvu kwambiri kumatha kukhala kasanu kopitilira muyeso wowonjezera / wotulutsa DC wapano. Nthawi yosinthira nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 5ns.

Maseketi awiriwa atha kupanga kusokonekera kwamagetsi, momwemonso zingwe zina zosindikizidwa zamagetsi zoyika nsalu pamaso pa ma circuits a ac, gawo lililonse lazinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu zosefera, chosinthira magetsi kapena chosinthira, inductor kapena chosinthira ziziikidwa pafupi kwa wina ndi mnzake, sintha njira yomwe ilipo pakadali pano yomwe imawapangitsa kukhala achidule momwe angathere.

Njira yabwino yokhazikitsira magetsi opangira magetsi ndi ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka magetsi, njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ndi iyi:

① Ikani thiransifoma

② Design the power switch current loop

③ Design the output rectifier current loop

④ The control circuit connected to the AC power supply circuit

wiring

Mphamvu yosinthira imakhala ndi chizindikiritso chapamwamba, ndipo mzere uliwonse wosindikizidwa pa PCB ukhoza kukhala ngati tinyanga. Kutalika ndi kutalika kwa mzere wosindikizidwa kumakhudza momwe imathandizira komanso kuyambiranso mwachangu, zomwe zimakhudza kuyankha kwamafupipafupi. Even printed lines that pass through dc signals can be coupled to rf signals from adjacent printed lines and cause circuit problems (or even re-radiate interference signals).

All printed lines running through ac current should therefore be designed to be as short and wide as possible, which means that all components connected to printed lines and to other power lines must be placed close together.

Kutalika kwa mzere wosindikizidwa ndikofanana ndendende ndi kuchepa kwake, ndipo m’lifupi mwake ndi molingana ndi kulowetsa ndi kusokonekera kwa mzere wosindikizidwa. Kutalika kumawonetsera kutalika kwa mayankho a mzerewo. Kutalika kwazitali, kutsika kwa mzere wosindikizidwa kumatha kutumiza ndi kulandira mafunde amagetsi, ndikuti mphamvu ya rf imatha kutulutsa.

Malinga ndi kukula kwa bolodi lapa dera lomwe likusindikizidwa, momwe zingathere kukulitsa kutambalala kwa mzere wamagetsi, kuchepetsa kulimbikira kwa chingwecho. At the same time, make the power line, ground line and current direction consistent, which helps enhance the anti-noise ability.

Grounding ndiye nthambi yazansi yamagetsi anayi amasinthidwe amagetsi, yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri monga malo ofotokozera dera, ndipo ndi njira yofunikira yowongolera zosokoneza. Chifukwa chake, lingalirani mosamala zingwe zokhazikitsira masanjidwewo. Kusakaniza zingwe zokhazikitsira pansi kumatha kuyambitsa magetsi osakhazikika.

fufuzani

Kulumikizana kwa waya kumalizika, ndikofunikira kuyang’anitsitsa kapangidwe kake ka opanga ndi kogwirizana ndi malamulo, malamulo nthawi yomweyo amafunikiranso kutsimikizira ngati mogwirizana ndi kufunikira kwa njira yopangira PCB, mzere wowunika mpaka mzere, Mzere ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira, mzere ndi ma pores olumikizirana, cholumikizira cholumikizira ma pores ndi ma pores olumikizirana, kudzera mu dzenje ndi mtunda wapakati pa dzenje ndilololedwa, kaya mukwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga.

Kaya m’lifupi mwa chingwe chamagetsi ndi waya wapansi ndioyenera, komanso ngati pali malo oti zingwe zakulidwe mu PCB. Chidziwitso: Zolakwitsa zina zitha kunyalanyazidwa, mwachitsanzo, gawo la Autilaini ya zolumikizira zina imayikidwa kunja kwa bolodi, chifukwa chake sikulakwa kuyang’anitsitsa; Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo pakusintha kwa waya ndi dzenje, m’pofunika kukonzanso mkuwa kamodzi.

Review according to the “PCB checklist”, including design rules, layer definition, line width, spacing, pads, hole Settings, but also focus on the review of the rationality of device layout, power supply, grounding network wiring, high-speed clock network wiring and shielding, decoupling capacitor placement and connection.

Linanena bungwe kamangidwe

Notes for output light drawing files:

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② Mukamayika Gulu la chinsalu chosindikiza, musasankhe Mtundu Wachigawo, sankhani Chidule, Zolemba ndi Mzere wapamwamba (pansi) ndi Gulu losindikiza

③ Mukamayika Gulu Lina lililonse, sankhani Ndondomeko Yabodi. Mukamayika Gulu Lakusindikiza, musasankhe Gawo Lachigawo, ndipo sankhani Chidule ndi Zolemba pamwamba (pansi) ndi Gulu losindikiza pazenera.