Design PCB

Kunoma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kokunikezwa kwamandla, ukwakheka komzimba we PCB ibhodi isixhumanisi sokugcina. Uma indlela yokuklama ingalungile, i-PCB ingahle ikhanye ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu ngogesi, okuholele emsebenzini ongazinzile wokuphakelwa kwamandla. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezidingekayo ukunaka esinyathelweni ngasinye.

Kusuka kumdwebo wesikimu kunqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB

Set up component parameters – > Input isimiso netlist -> Ukuhlelwa kwepharamitha yokwakha -> Ukuhlelwa okwenziwa ngesandla -> Ukwenza ikhebula mathupha -> Qinisekisa ukwakhiwa -> Buyekeza – & gt; Ukukhishwa kwe-CAM.

Izilungiselelo Zepharamitha

Isikhala phakathi kwezintambo eziseduze kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo zokuphepha kukagesi, futhi ukuze kube lula ukusebenza nokukhiqiza, isikhala masibe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka. The minimum spacing should be suitable for the voltage at least. When the wiring density is low, the spacing of signal lines can be appropriately increased. For the signal lines with high and low level disparity, the spacing should be as short as possible and the spacing should be increased.

Ibanga eliphakathi komphetho wembobo yangaphakathi yephedi kanye nomphetho webhodi eliphrintiwe kufanele libe likhulu kune-1mm ukugwema ukukhubazeka kwephedi ngesikhathi semishini. Lapho ucingo oluxhunywe nephedi lucishe lube mncane, ukuxhumana phakathi kwephedi nocingo kuklanywe kwaba isimo seconsi. Okuhle ukuthi iphedi akulula ukucwecwa, kepha ucingo nophedi akulula ukunqamula.

Component layout

Practice has proved that even if the circuit schematic design is correct and the printed circuit board design is improper, the reliability of electronic equipment will be adversely affected.

For example, if two thin parallel lines of a printed board are close together, there will be a delay in the signal waveform, resulting in reflected noise at the end of the transmission line. Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nocingo lokugxila kuzolulaza ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuklanywa ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe, kufanele kubhekwe indlela eyiyo.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla ngakunye kunamaluphu amane amanje:

① Ac circuit of power switch

Circuit wokukhipha ulungisi AC wesifunda

Umthombo wamasignali wokufaka wamanje

Load wokukhipha umthwalo wamanje we-loop wokufaka okokufaka

Ngokushaja i-capacitor yokufaka ngamandla we-dc wamanje, i-capacitor yesihlungi ikakhulu idlala indima yesitoreji samandla we-broadband. Ngokufanayo, ama-capacitors wokukhipha okokukhipha asetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla emvamisa ephezulu kusuka kusixazululi sokukhipha ngenkathi kususwa amandla e-dc kuluphu womthwalo wokukhipha.

Ngakho-ke, ama-terminings wiring we-input and output filter capacitors abaluleke kakhulu. Okokufaka okukhiphayo nokukhiphayo kwamanje kufanele kuxhunywe ekunikezelweni kwamandla kuphela kusuka kumatheminali wiring we-filter capacitor ngokulandelana. Uma ukuxhumana phakathi kwesekethe lokufaka / lokukhipha kanye neswishi yamandla / isilungisi sokulungisa kungenakuxhunywa ngqo esigungwini se-capacitor, amandla we-ac azodlula kokufakwayo noma kokukhipha kwesihlungi se-capacitor futhi angene emvelweni.

Imijikelezo ye-ac yeswishi yokuhambisa ugesi kanye nesilungisi iqukethe imisinga ephezulu ye-trapezoidal, enengxenye ephezulu ye-harmonic nemvamisa ephakeme kakhulu kunemvamisa eyisisekelo yeswishi. I-amplitude ephakeme ingaba izikhathi eziphindwe ka-5 kunaleyo eqhubekayo / ekhishwayo dc yamanje. Isikhathi soguquko ngokuvamile siba ngama-50ns.

Amasekethe amabili maningi amathuba okuthi akhiqize ukuphazanyiswa kwamandla kagesi, ngakho-ke enye intambo ephrintiwe emthonjeni wamandla yokwenza indwangu ngaphambi kwale masekethe e-ac, iluphu ngayinye izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-filter capacitor, inkinobho yamandla noma i-rectifier, inductor noma i-transformer kufanele ibekwe eduze komunye nomunye, lungisa indlela yamanje phakathi kwendawo yesici ibenze bafushane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwakha ukuhlelwa kokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi kufana nedizayini yayo kagesi, inqubo enhle kakhulu yokuklama imi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Transform Beka isiguquli

② Yakha iluphu yamanje yokushintsha amandla

③ Yakha iluphu yamanje yokulungisa okukhiphayo

Control Isifunda sokulawula sixhunywe kusifunda sokuhambisa ugesi se-AC

i-wiring

Ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha kuqukethe isignali yemvamisa ephezulu, futhi noma yimuphi umugqa ophrintiwe ku-PCB ungasebenza njenge-antenna. Ubude nobubanzi bolayini ophrintiwe kuzothinta i-impedance yayo kanye nokuphendula okungahambi kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte impendulo yemvamisa. Ngisho nolayini abaphrintiwe abadlula kumasiginali we-dc bangahlanganiswa namasiginali e-rf kusuka emigqeni eseduze ephrintiwe futhi kudale izinkinga zesifunda (noma kukhanye kabusha amasiginali wokuphazamiseka).

Yonke imigqa ephrintiwe esebenzisa i-ac yamanje kufanele-ke yenzelwe ukuthi ibe mfushane futhi ibanzi ngangokunokwenzeka, okusho ukuthi zonke izinto ezixhunywe kulayini abaphrintiwe nakwezinye izintambo zikagesi kufanele zibekwe zihlangane.

Ubude bolayini obuphrintiwe buqondana ngqo nokungenzi kahle kwe-impedance kanye ne-impedance yayo, futhi ububanzi buhambisana ngokulinganayo nokungeniswa kanye nokuvinjelwa kolayini ophrintiwe. Ubude bubonisa ubude bempendulo yomugqa oprintiwe. Uma ubude bude, ukwehla kwemvamisa yolayini ophrintiwe kungathumela futhi kuthole amaza kagesi, namandla we-rf angakhipha kakhulu.

Ngokuya ngosayizi webhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe njengamanje, ngangokunokwenzeka ukwandisa ububanzi bolayini wamandla, ukunciphisa ukumelana kweluphu. Ngasikhathi sinye, yenza ulayini wamandla, ulayini waphansi nesiqondisi samanje sihambisane, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nomsindo.

Ukwenza phansi yigatsha eliphansi lamasekethe amane wamanje wokushintsha kokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi, okudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu njengenkomba ejwayelekile yesekethe, futhi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula ukuphazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngokucophelela izintambo zokubeka phansi kusakhiwo. Ukuxuba izintambo zokubeka phansi kungadala ukunikezwa kwamandla okungazinzile.

hlola

Ukwenziwa kwentambo kuqediwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela ukwakheka kwentambo ngabaqambi kuyahambisana nemithetho, imithetho ngasikhathi sinye nayo idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyavumelana yini nokufunwa kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB, umugqa wokuhlola jikelele kulayini, umugqa ne-element bonding pad, ulayini kanye nama-pores axhumana, i-element bonding pad kanye ne-pores yokuxhumana, ngembobo nebanga eliphakathi komgodi kuyafaneleka, noma ngabe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza.

Ukuthi ububanzi bentambo yamandla nocingo lomhlabathi kufanelekile yini, nokuthi ngabe ikhona yini indawo yokuthi ucingo lomhlabathi lunwetshwe ku-PCB. Qaphela: Amanye amaphutha anganakwa, ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye yoHlelo lwezixhumi ezithile ibekwe ngaphandle kohlaka lwebhodi, ngakho-ke kuzobe kungalungile ukubheka isikhala; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuguqulwa ngakunye kwentambo nomgodi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphinde ugqoke ithusi kanye.

Buyekeza ngokuya “ngohlu lokuhlola lwe-PCB”, kufaka phakathi imithetho yedizayini, incazelo yesendlalelo, ububanzi bomugqa, izikhala, amapayipi, izilungiselelo zezimbobo, kodwa futhi gxila ekubukezweni kokuhleleka kokuhlelwa kwedivayisi, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukuxhuma izintambo zenethiwekhi, iwashi elinejubane elikhulu ukuxhumeka kwezintambo nokuvikela, ukunciphisa ukubekwa kwe-capacitor nokuxhumeka.

Design okukhiphayo

Amanothi wokukhishwa kwamafayili wokukhanya okukhiphayo:

(1) Udinga ukukhipha ungqimba wiring ungqimba (ngezansi), ungqimba wokuphrinta kwesikrini (kufaka phezulu ukuphrinta kwesikrini, ukuphrinta kwesikrini esingezansi), ungqimba lwe-welding (i-welding engezansi), ungqimba wokubhola (ngezansi), ngaphezu kokukhiqiza ifayili lokubhola (i-NC Drill)

② Lapho usetha ungqimba woLwakhiwo lokuphrinta kwesikrini, ungakhethi Uhlobo lwengxenye, khetha Uhlaka, Umbhalo kanye Nomugqa wephezulu (ezansi) nohlaka lokuphrinta kwesikrini

③ Lapho usetha ungqimba lwesendlalelo ngasinye, khetha Uhlaka LweBhodi. Lapho usetha u-Layer wohlu lokuphrinta kwesikrini, ungakhethi Uhlobo lwengxenye, bese ukhetha Uhlaka noMbhalo waphezulu (ezansi) no-Layer wokuphrinta kwesikrini.