PCB ʻIʻike ʻia ke kope ʻana me ke kope PCB, ka cloning PCB, ke kope ʻana o PCB, ka cloning PCB, ka hoʻolālā hoʻohuli o PCB a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala hope PCB. That is, on the premise of having physical electronic products and circuit boards, reverse analysis of circuit boards is carried out by means of reverse research and development technology, and technical documents such as PCB files, BOM files, schematic diagram files and PCB silkscreen production files of original products are carried out 1: 1, a laila e hoʻohana i kēia mau palapala ʻenehana a me nā palapala hana no ka hana ʻana o ka papa PCB, hoʻopaʻa pono ʻāpana, hoʻāʻo kui kele, ka papa kaapuni debugging, hoʻopiha i ka kope papa palapala kope kumu.

No ka papa kope PCB, ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe he nui, he aha ka papa kope PCB, manaʻo kekahi poʻe he kope kope ʻo PCB. I ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o kēlā me kēia, shanzhai ʻo ia hoʻi he kumu hoʻohālike, akā ʻo ke kope ʻana o PCB ʻaʻole ia he kumu hoʻohālike. ʻO ke kumu o ka hana kope ʻana o PCB e aʻo i ka ʻenehana uila puni haole uila hou loa, a laila omo i nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā maikaʻi, a laila hoʻohana iā lākou e hoʻomohala a hoʻolālā i nā huahana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

With the continuous development and deepening of the board copying industry, today’s PCB board copying concept has been extended in a wider range, no longer limited to simple circuit board copying and cloning, but also involves the secondary development of products and the research and development of new products. , no ka laʻana, ma o ke kālailai ʻana i nā palapala ʻenehana huahana, manaʻo noʻonoʻo, hoʻolālā ʻano a me ka ʻenehana o ka hoʻomaopopo a me ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hōʻuluʻulu kūpono no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana hou a me ka ʻike hoʻokūkū, e kōkua i ka noiʻi a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā. i ka manawa kūpono e hāhai i nā hana hoʻomohala ʻenehana hou, hoʻoponopono manawa kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻolālā huahana, noiʻi a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka nui o ka mākeke hoʻokūkū i nā huahana hou.

Hiki i ke kaʻina hana o ka kope ʻana o ka papa PCB ke hoʻomaopopo i ka loli wikiwiki, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala lua ʻana o nā ʻano uila o nā huahana uila ma o ka unuhi ʻana a me ka hoʻololi hapa ʻana o nā faila ʻikepili ʻenehana. Wahi a ke kiʻi palapala a me ke kiʻi kiʻi i unuhi ʻia mai kā PCB kope ʻana, hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā ʻoihana ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻolālā a hoʻololi i ka PCB e like me ka makemake o ka mea kūʻai. Ma kēia kumu, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohui i nā hana hou no ka huahana a hōʻano hou paha i nā hiʻohiʻona hana, i mea e ʻike ʻia ka huahana me nā hana hou i ka wikiwiki a me kahi kūlana hou, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​kuleana ponoʻikepili ponoʻī, akā lanakila pū kekahi i ka manawa kūpono mua ma ka mākeke, e lawe ana i nā pono pālua i nā mea kūʻai aku.

Inā hoʻohana ʻia ia e kālailai i ke ʻano o ka papa kaapuni a me nā ʻano hana o ka huahana i loko o ka noiʻi huli, a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka hoʻolālā PCB i ka hoʻolālā i mua, he kuleana kūikawā kā PCB skatic. No laila, e like me ka palapala a i ʻole mea, pehea e lawe ai i ka kiʻikuhi hoʻolālā PCB i hope, he aha ke kaʻina hope? He aha nā kikoʻī e hoʻolohe ai?

I. Nā ʻanuʻu hope.

1. Record PCB details

E kiʻi i kahi PCB, ma ka pepa mua e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana a pau o ke k modelkohu, nā palena, a me kahi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka diode, ke kuhikuhi o ka paipu ʻekolu pae, ke kuhikuhi notch IC. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kiʻi i nā kiʻi ʻelua o kahi o nā mea me ka pahupaʻikiʻi uila. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā papa PCB ma mua o ka diode triode kekahi e nānā ʻole i ka ʻike wale.

2. Scanned images

Wehe i nā mea āpau a hemo i ka pahu mai nā lua PAD. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka PCB me ka waiʻona a waiho i loko o kahi scanner e nānā i nā pikika ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe e kiʻi i kahi kiʻi ʻoi. A laila, ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomālamalama i nā papa luna a me lalo me ka pepa wili wai a ʻōlinolino ke kiʻi keleawe. E hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o ka scanner, e hoʻomaka iā PHOTOSHOP, a palaki i nā papa ʻelua i ke kaʻawale. Note that PCB must be placed horizontally and vertically in the scanner, otherwise the scanned image can not be used.

3. Adjust and correct the image

Hoʻololi i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka māmā o ka canvas, no laila ʻo ka ʻāpana me ke kiʻi ʻāpana keleawe a me ka ʻāpana me ka ʻole o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni keleawe e ikaika, a laila hoʻohuli i ka subgraph i ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, e nānā inā maopopo nā laina, inā ʻaʻole, e hana hou i kēia hana. Inā maopopo, e mālama ʻia ke kiʻi e like me nā faila ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo BMP TOP BMP a me BOT BMP, inā ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pilikia e hiki ke hoʻoponopono a hoʻoponopono ʻia me PHOTOSHOP.

4. Verify PAD and VIA position coincidence

E hoʻololi i nā faila BMP ʻelua i nā faila PROTEL i kēlā me kēia, a hoʻololi i ʻelua papa i PROTEL. ʻO kahi laʻana, nā kūlana o PAD a me VIA ma hope o ʻelua mau papa i kūlike, e hōʻike ana ua hana maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻanuʻu mua. Inā he kekeʻe, e hana hou i ka ʻanuʻu ʻekolu. No laila, he hana hoʻomanawanui loa ke kope ʻana o ka papa PCB, no ka mea e hoʻopili ka pilikia iki i ka maikaʻi a me ke kēkelē like ma hope o ke kope ʻana o ka papa.

5. Draw the layer

Convert TOP layer BMP to TOP PCB, make sure to convert SILK layer, the yellow layer, then you trace the line on TOP layer, and place the device according to the drawing in step 2. Holoi i ka papa SILK ma hope o ka pena ʻana. Repeat until you have drawn all the layers.

6. Hoʻohui ʻia o TOP PCB a me BOT PCB

Add TOP PCB and BOT PCB in PROTEL and combine them into one figure.

7. Paʻi Laser ma luna LAYER, LOTA BOTTOM

E hoʻohana i ka mīkini paʻi laser e paʻi i ka TOP LAYER a me ka BOTTOM LAYER ma ke kiʻi aniani (1: 1 ratio), kau i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma kēlā PCB a hoʻohālikelike inā hewa ia, inā pololei ia, pau ʻoe.

Hōʻike 8.

Hōʻike i ka hana uila o ka papa kope ʻaʻole like me ka papa kumu. If it’s the same then it’s really done.

ʻO ka lua, e nānā i nā kikoʻī

1. Hoʻokaʻawale kūpono i nā wahi hana

When reverse designing the schematic diagram of an intact PCB, reasonable division of functional areas can help engineers reduce some unnecessary trouble and improve the efficiency of drawing. Generally speaking, components with the same function on a PCB board will be arranged centrally, so that the functional division of areas can provide a convenient and accurate basis for reverting the schematic diagram.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe kuleana ka mahele o kēia wahi hana. Koi ʻia nā ʻenekinia e loaʻa i kekahi ʻike i ka ʻike pili uila uila. ʻO ka mea mua, e ʻike i nā mea nui o ka ʻāpana hana, a laila e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kaula uila hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāpana hana like, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi pā hana. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana o ka paku hana ke kumu o ke kahakaha kiʻi. Eia hou, mai poina e hoʻohana i ka helu o ka helu ma ka papa kaapuni e kōkua iā ʻoe i nā hana ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki.

2. E ʻike i ka ʻāpana kumu kūpono

Hiki i kēia ʻāpana kūmole ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ke kikowaena pūnaewele PCB nui i ka hoʻomaka o ke kahakaha kiʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻāpana kūmole, ke kaha kiʻi ʻana e like me nā mākia o kēia mau ʻāpana kūmole hiki ke hōʻoia i ka pololei o ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i kahi nui aʻe.

Kahi pae no nā ʻenekini, ʻaʻohe mea paʻakikī loa, ma ka laulā, hiki ke koho i ke ʻano alakaʻi i nā kaapuni ma ke ʻano he benchmark, ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaha kiʻi, e like me ka puni uila, transformer, transistor, a pēlā aku. ., kūpono ma ke ʻano he pae ana.

3. Hoʻokaʻawale pololei i nā laina a kaha i nā kaula pono

No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka uea honua, ka laina uila a me ka laina hōʻailona, ​​pono i nā ʻenekini e pili i ka ʻike pili i ka mana, kaapuni, PCB uea a pēlā aku. Hiki ke kālailai ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o kēia mau kaapuni mai ka pili o nā mea, ka laulā o ka pepa keleawe a me nā ʻano o nā huahana uila iā lākou iho.

I ke kaha kiʻi ʻana, i mea e pale aku ai i ka hele ʻana o ka laina a me ka interspersing, hiki i ka honua ke hoʻohana i kahi nui o nā hōʻailona pae, hiki i nā ʻano laina āpau ke hoʻohana i nā kala like ʻole o nā laina like ʻole e ʻike maopopo ai, no ka mea hiki i nā ʻano ʻāpana āpau ke hoʻohana kūikawā. nā hōʻailona, ​​a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaha kaapuni anakahi, a laila hoʻohui ʻia.

4. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kumu kumu a kuhikuhi i nā kiʻikuhi hoʻolālā like

No kekahi ʻano hoʻokumu papa uila uila a me ke kiʻina kiʻi kumu, pono nā ʻenekini e haku, ʻaʻole hiki ke kaha kiʻi pololei i kahi hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi maʻamau o ka pūnaewele puni honua, akā e hana pū i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka uila uila.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, mai nānā ʻole i ke ʻano like o nā huahana uila i loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano like i ke kiʻikuhi kiʻi o PCB pūnaewele kūlanakauhale, hiki i nā ʻenekini ke like me ka hōʻiliʻili o ka ʻike, huki piha i ke kiʻikuhi huakaʻi like e lawe i ka hope o ka mea hou kiʻikuhi hoʻolālā huahana.

5. E hōʻoia a hoʻonui

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaha kiʻi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻolālā hoʻohuli o ka kiʻikuhi hoʻolālā PCB ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana. The nominal values of components sensitive to PCB distribution parameters need to be checked and optimized. According to the PCB file diagram, the schematic diagram is compared, analyzed and checked to ensure that the schematic diagram is completely consistent with the file diagram.