PCB koobiyeynta waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa nuqulidda PCB, PCB cloning, PCB copy, PCB cloning, PCB design -ka dambeedka ama horumarka PCB. That is, on the premise of having physical electronic products and circuit boards, reverse analysis of circuit boards is carried out by means of reverse research and development technology, and technical documents such as PCB files, BOM files, schematic diagram files and PCB silkscreen production files of original products are carried out 1: 1, ka dibna u isticmaal dukumiintiyadan farsamo iyo dukumiintiyada wax soo saarka samaynta guddiga PCB, alxanka qaybta, imtixaanka cirbadda duulaya, khaladka guddiga wareegga, dhammaystir nuqulka muunad ee guddiga wareegga asalka ah.

Looxa nuqulidda PCB, dad badan ma fahmaan, waa maxay guddiga nuqulka PCB, dadka qaarkood waxay xitaa u maleeyaan in guddiga nuqulidda PCB uu yahay nuqul. Fahamka qof walba, shanzhai micnaheedu waa ku dayasho, laakiin koobiyeynta PCB dhab ahaan maahan ku dayasho. Ujeeddada nuqulka PCB waa in la barto farsamada naqshadaynta wareegga elektiroonigga ah ee shisheeye ee ugu dambeysay, ka dibna la nuugo qorshayaasha naqshadeynta ee aadka u wanaagsan, ka dibna loo adeegsado si loo horumariyo loona naqshadeeyo badeecado ka wanaagsan.

With the continuous development and deepening of the board copying industry, today’s PCB board copying concept has been extended in a wider range, no longer limited to simple circuit board copying and cloning, but also involves the secondary development of products and the research and development of new products. , tusaale ahaan, iyada oo loo marayo falanqaynta dukumiintiyada farsamada wax soo saarka, fikirka naqshadeynta, astaamaha qaabdhismeedka iyo teknolojiyadda fahamka iyo wada -hadalka, ayaa bixin kara falanqaynta suuragalnimada cilmi -baarista iyo horumarinta badeecadaha cusub iyo macluumaadka tartanka, si loo caawiyo qaybaha cilmi -baarista iyo naqshadeynta si joogto ah ula soco isbeddellada horumarineed ee teknolojiyaddii ugu dambeysay, hagaajinta waqtigeeda si loo hagaajiyo naqshadeynta badeecada, cilmi baarista iyo horumarka ugu badan ayaa leh suuqyada wax soo saarka cusub ee tartanka.

Geedi socodka nuqulka guddiga PCB wuxuu xaqiijin karaa cusboonaysiinta degdegga ah, kor u qaadista iyo horumarinta labaad ee noocyada kala duwan ee alaabta elektiroonigga ah iyada oo loo marayo soo -saaridda iyo qayb ahaan wax -ka -beddelka faylasha xogta farsamada. Sida ku cad sawirka dokumentiga iyo sawir -gacmeedka sawir -qaadista ee laga soo saaray nuqulidda PCB, naqshadeeyayaasha xirfadda leh ayaa sidoo kale hagaajin kara naqshadda oo beddeli kara PCB -ga sida uu rabo macaamilka. Iyada oo ku saleysan, waxay sidoo kale ku dari kartaa shaqooyin cusub sheyga ama dib u qaabeyn kartaa astaamaha shaqeynaya, si badeecada leh shaqooyin cusub ay ugu muuqato xawaaraha ugu dhaqsaha badan iyo qaab cusub, ma aha oo kaliya inay leedahay xuquuqdeeda aqooneed ee u gaarka ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku guuleysataa fursadda koowaad ee suuqa, oo macaashka u keenta macaash labalaab ah.

Haddii loo adeegsado in lagu falanqeeyo mabda’a guddiga wareegga iyo astaamaha shaqada wax soo saarka ee cilmi -baarista dambe, ama loo adeegsado saldhigga naqshadeynta PCB ee naqshadeynta hore, qorshaha PCB wuxuu leeyahay door gaar ah. Marka, sida ku cad dukumintiga ama shayga, sida loo fuliyo jaantuska qaab -dhismeedka PCB gadaal, waa maxay geedi socodka dib -u -dhaca? Waa maxay faahfaahinta aad fiiro gaar ah siineyso?

I. Tallaabooyinka gadaal u socda:

1. Record PCB details

Hel PCB, marka hore warqadda si aad u duubto dhammaan qaybaha moodeelka, xuduudaheeda, iyo goobta, gaar ahaan diode-ga, jihada tuubada saddexda marxalad leh, jihada IC-ga. Waxaa ugu wanaagsan in laba sawir laga qaado meesha ay ka kooban yihiin kaamerad dhijitaal ah. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah looxyada PCB -ga ayaa aad uga horumarsan seddexda diode qaarna ma fiirsadaan inay si fudud wax u arkaan.

2. Scanned images

Ka saar dhammaan qaybaha oo ka saar daasadaha godadka PAD. PCB -ga ku nadiifi aalkolo oo ku rid scanner -ka iska fiiriya pixels sare si aad u hesho sawir ka sii daran. Kadib, ku dabool dusha sare iyo hoose si khafiif ah warqad yar oo biyo ah ilaa filimka naxaasku dhalaalayo. Ku rid scanner -ka, billow PHOTOSHOP, oo labada lakab si gooni ah ugu caday. Note that PCB must be placed horizontally and vertically in the scanner, otherwise the scanned image can not be used.

3. Adjust and correct the image

Isku hagaaji isbarbardhigga iyo iftiinka shiraacda, si qaybta leh filimka naxaasta ah iyo qaybta aan lahayn filimka naxaasku aad uga duwan tahay, ka dibna u beddel farqiga madow iyo caddaan, hubi in khadadka cad yihiin, haddii kale, ku celi tallaabadan. Hadday caddahay, sawirka ayaa loo kaydin doonaa sida faylasha qaab BMP madow iyo caddaan ah TOP BMP iyo BOT BMP, haddii tirada la arko inay dhibaato leedahay sidoo kale waa lagu hagaajin karaa oo lagu hagaajin karaa PHOTOSHOP.

4. Xaqiiji isku dheelitirka PAD iyo VIA

U beddel labada faylka BMP faylasha PROTEL siday u kala horreeyaan, oo u wareeji laba lakab PROTEL. Tusaale ahaan, jagooyinka PAD iyo VIA kadib laba lakab ayaa asal ahaan isku beegmay, taas oo muujinaysa in talaabooyinkii hore si wanaagsan loo qabtay. Haddii leexasho jirto, ku celi tallaabada saddexaad. Sidaa darteed, nuqulidda guddiga PCB waa shaqo bukaan -socod badan, maxaa yeelay dhibaato yar ayaa saamayn doonta tayada iyo shahaadada u dhiganta ka dib marka la koobiyeeyo guddiga.

5. Draw the layer

Convert TOP layer BMP to TOP PCB, make sure to convert SILK layer, the yellow layer, then you trace the line on TOP layer, and place the device according to the drawing in step 2. Tirtir lakabka SILK ka dib rinjiyeynta. Repeat until you have drawn all the layers.

6. Isku -darka TOP PCB iyo PCB -ga BOT

Add TOP PCB and BOT PCB in PROTEL and combine them into one figure.

7. Daabac Laser TOP LAYER, LAYER SOTTOM

U isticmaal daabacaha laser -ka si aad ugu daabacdo TOP LAYER iyo LOTER LAYER filimka hufan (1: 1 saamiga), ku rid filimka PCB -ga oo isbarbar dhig haddii ay khaldan tahay, haddii ay sax tahay, waad dhammaatay.

Imtixaanka 8.

Tijaabi waxqabadka elektaroonigga ah ee guddiga nuqulku lama mid aha guddigii asalka ahaa. If it’s the same then it’s really done.

Marka labaad, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo faahfaahinta

1. Si macquul ah u qaybi aagagga shaqaynaya

When reverse designing the schematic diagram of an intact PCB, reasonable division of functional areas can help engineers reduce some unnecessary trouble and improve the efficiency of drawing. Generally speaking, components with the same function on a PCB board will be arranged centrally, so that the functional division of areas can provide a convenient and accurate basis for reverting the schematic diagram.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybinta aaggan shaqaynaya maaha mid aan loo aabo yeelin. Waxay u baahan tahay injineerada inay yeeshaan faham gaar ah oo ku saabsan aqoonta wareegga elektaroonigga ah. Ugu horreyntii, soo ogow qaybaha udub -dhexaadka u ah unug shaqeynaya, ka dibna sida ku xiran isku xirnaanta xargaha ayaa la raadin karaa si loo ogaado qeybaha kale ee isla unugga shaqeynaya, sameynta qeybsi shaqeynaya. Samaynta xijaab shaqaynaya ayaa saldhig u ah sawirka sawirka. Intaa waxaa dheer, ha iloobin inaad isticmaasho nambarka qaybta guddida wareegga si ay kaaga caawiso inaad si dhaqso ah u kala qaybiso hawlaha.

2. Soo hel qayb sax ah oo sax ah

Qeybtan tixraaca ayaa sidoo kale la dhihi karaa waa qeybta ugu weyn magaalada shabakadda PCB bilowga sawirka sawirka. Ka dib marka la go’aamiyo qaybaha tixraaca, sawiridda iyadoo la raacayo biinanka qaybaha tixraacyadan ayaa hubin kara saxnaanta sawirka qaabaysan ilaa xad.

Benchmark -ka injineerada, hubaal ma aha wax aad u murugsan, guud ahaan, waxay dooran karaan inay kaalin hoggaamineed ka qaataan qaybaha wareegga sida halbeegga, guud ahaan wey weynaadaan, dhejis badan, sawir ku habboon, sida wareegga isku -dhafan, transformer, transistor, iwm ., Waxay ku habboon yihiin halbeegga.

3. Si sax ah u kala saar khadadka oo soo bixi fiilooyin macquul ah

Si loo kala saaro siligga dhulka, xarigga korontada iyo xariiqda signalada, injineeradu sidoo kale waxay u baahan yihiin inay leeyihiin aqoon ku habboon oo ku saabsan korontada, isku xirka wareegga, fiilooyinka PCB iyo wixii la mid ah. Kala -soocidda wareegyadaas waxaa lagu falanqeyn karaa isku xirnaanta qaybaha, ballaca bireedka naxaasta iyo astaamaha alaabta elektaroonigga ah laftooda.

Sawirka xargaha, si looga fogaado isgoyska iyo is -dhexgalka, dhulku wuxuu adeegsan karaa tiro badan oo ah astaamaha gundhigga ah, dhammaan noocyada khadadka waxay adeegsan karaan midabyo kala duwan oo khadad kala duwan ah si loo hubiyo in la garan karo, waayo dhammaan noocyada qaybaha ayaa waliba isticmaali kara khaas calaamadaha, oo xitaa kala saari kara sawirka wareegga cutubka, ka dibna la isku daray.

4. Baro qaab -dhismeedka aasaasiga ah oo tixraac jaantusyada isku midka ah

Qaar ka mid ah qaab -dhismeedka wareegga elektiroonigga ah ee aasaasiga ah iyo habka sawir mabda’a, injineeradu waxay u baahan yihiin inay bartaan, ma aha oo kaliya inay awoodaan inay si fudud u sawiraan qaar ka mid ah qaab -dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee wareegga cutubka si toos ah, laakiin sidoo kale inay sameeyaan qaab -dhismeedka guud ee wareegga elektiroonigga ah.

Dhinaca kale, ha iloobin in isla noocyada alaabada elektiroonigga ah ay leeyihiin waxyaalo la mid ah oo ku jira jaantuska mashruuca ee magaalada shabakadda PCB, injineeradu waxay kuxiran yihiin aruurinta waayo -aragnimada, waxay si buuxda u sawiri karaan jaantuska wareegga ee la midka ah si ay u fuliyaan gadaal ka cusub jaantuska schematic product.

5. Hubi oo hagaaji

Ka dib marka la dhammaystiro sawir -gacmeedka, naqshadda gadaal ee jaantuska qaab -dhismeedka PCB waxaa la soo gabagabeyn karaa oo keliya baaritaanka iyo hubinta kadib. The nominal values of components sensitive to PCB distribution parameters need to be checked and optimized. According to the PCB file diagram, the schematic diagram is compared, analyzed and checked to ensure that the schematic diagram is completely consistent with the file diagram.