Inā ua lohe ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo “PCB-manuahi Halogen”A makemake e aʻo hou aʻe, ua hele ʻoe i ka wahi kūpono. Māhele mākou i ka moʻolelo ma hope o kēia papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia.

E ʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i nā halogens ma PCBS, nā halogens i ka nui a me nā koi no ka huaʻōlelo “halogen-free”. Ua nānā mākou i nā maikaʻi o ka halogen-free.

He aha ka PCB halogen-free?

I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koina o kahi PCB manuahi-halogen, pono i ka papa ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o kekahi nui o nā halogens i nā ʻāpana no ka miliona (PPM).

Halogens i biphenyl polychlorinated

Loaʻa nā ʻano o nā Halogens e pili ana iā PCBS.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Chlorine ma ke ʻano he retardant o ke ahi a i ʻole ka pale pale no nā uea polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe no ka hoʻomohala semiconductor a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha i nā ʻikena kamepiula.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Bromine ma ke ʻano he retardant ahi e pale ai i nā mea uila a i ʻole e sterilize i nā mea.

He aha ka pae i manaʻo ʻia he halogen-ʻole?

Hoʻonohonoho ka International Electrochemistry Commission (IEC) i ke kūlana ma 1,500 PPM no ka nui o ka ʻike halogen e ka palena ʻana i ka hoʻohana halogen. ʻO nā palena no ka chlorine a me ka bromine 900 PPM.

Kūlike nā palena PPM inā pili ʻoe i ka palena Hazardous Substance (RoHS).

E ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i nā kūlana halogen like ʻole ma ka mākeke. No ka mea ʻaʻole koi ʻia kahi hana manuahi-halogen, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā pae ʻae ʻia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā hui kūʻokoʻa, e like me nā mea hana.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā papa ʻaʻohe Halogen

I kēia manawa, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo he paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o ka PCBS ʻole he halogen maoli. Aia paha he mau liʻiliʻi o nā halogens ma nā papa kaapuni, a hiki ke hūnā ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻohui i nā wahi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.

E wehewehe pono i kekahi mau laʻana. ʻAʻole halogen-free ka papa kaapuni ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻole e hemo ka substrate ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ke kiʻi solder.

Hiki i nā resin Epoxy ke pale aku iā PCBS i ka chlorine. Hiki ke hūnā ʻia ʻo Halogens i nā mea e like me nā gel aniani, pulu ʻana a me nā ʻola hoʻōla, a me nā mea hoʻolaha resin.

E makaʻala hoʻi ʻoe i nā pilikia kūpono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea halogen-free. Eia kekahi laʻana, i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā halogens, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka lāki o ka solder to flux, a laila e loaʻa ai i nā kikala.

E hoʻomanaʻo i kēlā mau pilikia ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokahuli ʻia. ʻO kahi ala maʻalahi e hōʻalo ai i nā ʻōpala e hoʻohana i ka pale solder (ʻike ʻia ʻo solder resist) e wehewehe i nā pads.

He mea nui e laulima me nā mea hana PCB kaulana e ʻike pono i ka transparency o ka ʻike halogen i PCB. ʻOiai ko lākou ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia mea hana i kēia manawa ke hana i kēia mau papa.

Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi o nā halogens a me nā mea no lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi i nā koi. Pono paha ʻoe e hana pū me ka mea hana e hoʻoholo i ke ala ʻoi loa e hōʻalo ai i nā halogens pono ʻole.

ʻOiai ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi PCB manuahi 100% hiki ʻole ke lilo i mea paʻakikī, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi PCB i kahi pae ʻae ʻia e like me nā lula IEC a me RoHS.

He aha nā halogens?

ʻAʻole nā ​​halogens iā lākou iho nā kemika a me nā mea. Unuhi ʻia ka huaʻōlelo mai ka Helene a i ka “agena hana paʻakai” a kuhikuhi i kahi moʻo o nā mea pili i ka papa manawa.

Hoʻopili kēia i ka chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine a me A – kekahi o ia mau mea āu e kamaʻāina ai. ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hoʻohui me ka sodium a me nā halogens e hana i ka paʻakai! Eia hou, he mau ʻano kūʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia mehana i kūpono iā mākou.

ʻO ka iodine kahi disinfectant maʻamau. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui fluoride e like me fluoride i nā lako wai lehulehu e hāpai i ke olakino niho, a loaʻa pū ʻia lākou i nā lubricants a me nā pahu hau.

ʻImi loa, ʻaʻole maopopo iki kona ʻano, a ke aʻo ʻia nei ʻo Tennessee Tinge.

Loaʻa ʻo Chlorine a me bromine i nā mea āpau mai nā disinfectors wai i nā pesticides a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, PCBS.

No ke aha e hana ai i ka PCBS manuahi-ʻole?

ʻOiai he mea nui nā halogens i nā hanana PCB, loaʻa iā lākou kahi mea maikaʻi ʻole e paʻakikī e nānā ʻole: ka ʻawahia. ʻAe, ʻo kēia mau mea i pale i ka lapalapa ahi a me nā fungicides, akā he kumu kūʻai nui lākou.

ʻO Chlorine a me bromine nā mea hewa nui ma aneʻi. Hiki ke hōʻike i kekahi o kēia mau kemika i nā ʻōuli o ka hōʻoluʻolu, e like me ka nausea, ka ʻū, ka huhū o ka ʻili a me ka hihi.

ʻAʻole hiki i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka PCBS ke loaʻa nā halogens i ka hopena weliweli. Eia nō naʻe, inā e ʻā ke PCB a puhi i ka uahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i kēia mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole.

Inā hui ka chlorine me nā hydrocarbons, hana ia i nā dioxins, kahi carcinogen make. Minamina, ma muli o ka palena o nā kumuwaiwai i hiki ke hoʻohana hou i PCBS me ka palekana, hana kekahi mau ʻāina e hana maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻolilo.

No laila, he mea weliweli i ka hoʻolei kūpono ʻana o PCBS me ka ʻike chorine kiʻekiʻe i ke kaiaolaola. Ke puhi nei i kēia mau hāmeʻa e hoʻopau iā lākou (hiki ke hana) hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i nā dioxins i ke kaiapuni.

Nā pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PCBS manuahi me ka halogen

I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ke aha e hoʻohana ai i kahi PCB manuahi-ʻole?

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui ʻoi aku lākou i nā mea ʻona ʻemi ʻē aʻe i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka halogen. Prioritizing ka palekana o ʻoe, kāu mau loea, a me ka poʻe e lawelawe ana i nā papa e lawa pono e noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana i ka papa.

Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā pilikia o ke kaiapuni ma mua o nā lakohana i loaʻa ka nui o nā kemika weliweli. ʻOi aku i nā wahi i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​hana hoʻopōʻaiapuni PCB maikaʻi loa, nā ʻike halogen lalo e hōʻoia i ka hoʻolei palekana.

I ka wā o ka ʻenehana booming, kahi e ʻike nui nei nā mea kūʻai aku i nā toxins i kā lākou huahana, aneane palena ʻole nā ​​noi – kūpono, ʻaʻohe halogen no nā uila i nā kaʻa, nā kelepona paʻalima a me nā hāmeʻa ʻē aʻe a mākou e pili pono ai.

Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻemi wale nō ka pono: loaʻa iā lākou kahi pono hana. Hiki i kēia PCBS ke kū mau i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e kūpono ana iā lākou no nā kaapuni kēpau kēpau. ʻOiai ʻo ke kēpau kahi hui ʻē aʻe e hoʻāʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana, hiki iā ʻoe ke pepehi i ʻelua manu me ka pōhaku.

ʻO ke kāwili ʻana o PCB manuahi Halogen hiki ke kumu kūʻai ʻole ʻia a kūpono hoʻi no ka uila uila hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana. ʻO ka hope loa, no ka mea ke hoʻouna nei kēia mau papa i kahi kūmau dielectric haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama pono ʻana i ka hōʻailona.

Pono mākou āpau e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻike e hōʻemi i nā mea i hōʻalo ʻia i nā lakohana koʻikoʻi e like me PCBS. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻo PCBS-free PCBS e ke kānāwai, ke hana ʻia nei ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā hui e hopohopo nei e kāpae i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau pūhui ʻino.