Ukuba ulivile ngegama “I-PCB yasimahla yeHalogen”Kwaye ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi, uze endaweni elungileyo. Sabelana ngebali ngasemva kwale bhodi yesekethe iprintiweyo.

Fumanisa iinyani malunga nee halogens kwi-PCBS, ii-halogen ngokubanzi kunye neemfuno zekota “halogen-free”. Sikwaqwalasele izibonelelo ze-halogen-free.

Yintoni i-PCB engena-halogen?

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ze-PCB engena-halogen, ibhodi akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwexabiso elithile le halogen kwiindawo ngesigidi (PPM).

IiHalogens kwi-biphenyl polychlorinated

IiHalogen zinokusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo ngokunxulumene nePCBS.

I-klorine isetyenziswa njenge-retardant yedangatye okanye ukutyabeka okukhuselekileyo kweengcingo ze-polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Isetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi kuphuhliso lweemiconductor okanye ukucoca iichips zekhompyuter.

I-Bromine inokusetyenziswa njengedangatye elidodayo ukukhusela izinto zombane okanye ukubulala iintsholongwane.

Leliphi inqanaba elithathwa njengelingenasimahla?

IKhomishini ye-Electrochemistry yeHlabathi (i-IEC) iseta imigangatho kwi-1,500 PPM yomxholo opheleleyo we-halogen ngokunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwe-halogen. Imida ye-chlorine kunye ne-bromine yi-900 PPM.

Imida ye-PPM iyafana ukuba uthobela umda weziyobisi ezinobungozi (RoHS).

Nceda uqaphele ukuba imigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-halogen ikhona kwintengiso. Kuba imveliso engenayo i-halogen ayisiyomfuneko esemthethweni, amanqanaba avumelekileyo asetwa ziziko ezizimeleyo, ezinje ngabavelisi, zinokwahluka.

Uyilo lwebhodi engenaHalogen

Okwangoku, kuya kufuneka siqaphele ukuba ii-PCBS eziyinyani ezingenayo i-halogen kunzima ukuzifumana. Kunokubakho isixa esincinci se halogen kwiibhodi zesekethe, kwaye ezi zinto zinokufihlwa kwiindawo ezingalindelekanga.

Makhe sicacise eminye imizekelo. Ibhodi yesekethe eluhlaza ayinayo i-halogen ngaphandle kokuba i-substrate eluhlaza isuswe kwifilimu ye-solder.

Ii-resin ze-epoxy ezinceda ukukhusela ii-PCBS zinokuba ne-chlorine. IiHalogen zinokufihlwa nakwizithako ezinjengeegels zeglasi, ukumanzisa kunye nokuphilisa iiarhente, kunye nokhuthazo lwentlaka.

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yeyiphi imigibe enokubakho yokusebenzisa izinto ezingenanto ye-halogen. Umzekelo, ngokungabikho kwee-halojeni, i-solder ukuya kwi-flux ratio inokuchaphazeleka, ekhokelela kwimikrwelo.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iingxaki ezinjalo akufuneki zoyiswe. Indlela elula yokuphepha ukukrwela kukusebenzisa ukumelana ne-solder (ekwabizwa ngokuba kukumelana ne-solder) ukuchaza iipads.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nabenzi be-PCB abaziwayo ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala komxholo we-halogen kwi-PCB. Ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kwabo, ayinguye wonke umenzi okwangoku onesakhono sokuvelisa ezi bhodi.

Nangona kunjalo, ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba zikuphi ii-halojeni kwaye ziyintoni, ungachaza iimfuno. Kuya kufuneka usebenze ngokusondeleyo nomvelisi ukuze ubone eyona ndlela yokuphepha iihalogen ezingeyomfuneko.

Nangona ukufumana i-100% ye-PCB engena-halogen kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, usenokuvelisa i-PCB ukuya kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo ye-IEC kunye neRoHS.

Yintoni ii halogen?

IiHalogen aziyiyo imichiza okanye izinto. Eli gama liguqulela ukusuka kwisiGrike ukuya kwi “arhente yokwenza ityuwa” kwaye ibhekisa kuthotho lwezinto ezinxulumene noko kwitheyibhile yamaxesha.

Oku kubandakanya i-chlorine, i-bromine, iodine, i-fluorine kunye no-A-ezinye zazo onokuthi uqhelene nazo. Inyani eyonwabisayo: Dibanisa kunye nesodium kunye nee halogen ukwenza ityuwa! Ukongeza, into nganye ineempawu ezizodwa eziluncedo kuthi.

Iodine sisibulala zintsholongwane esiqhelekileyo. Izinto zefluoride ezifana ne-fluoride zongezwa kuluntu lwamanzi ukukhuthaza impilo yamazinyo, kwaye zikwafumaneka kwizithambisi nakwifriji.

Kunqabile kakhulu, ubunjani bayo abuqondwa kakuhle, kwaye iTennessee Tinge isafundwa.

I-chlorine kunye ne-bromine zifumaneka kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwi-disinfectors yamanzi ukuya kwi-pesticides kwaye, ewe, i-PCBS.

Kutheni usenza iiPCBS ezingenasimahla?

Nangona ii-halogen zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwe-PCB, banesiphene ekunzima ukungahoyi: ityhefu. Ewe, ezi zinto zisebenza njengedangatye nelangatye, kodwa zibiza imali eninzi.

I-klorine kunye ne-bromine zezona zinto ziphambili apha. Ukuchazwa kuyo nayiphi na kwezi khemikhali kunokubangela iimpawu zokungahambi kakuhle, ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, ukukhohlela, ukucaphuka kolusu kunye nokubona okungacacanga.

Ukuphatha ii-PCBS eziqukethe ii-halogens akunakulindeleka ukuba kubangele ukubonakaliswa okuyingozi. Okwangoku, ukuba i-PCB ibambe umlilo kwaye ikhuphe umsi, unokulindela ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga.

Ukuba iklorine yenzeka ukuxubana neehydrocarbon, ivelisa ii-dioxin, i-carcinogen ebulalayo. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo ezikhoyo zokuphinda zisebenzise kwakhona i-PCBS ngokukhuselekileyo, amanye amazwe athanda ukwenza ukulahlwa okungalunganga.

Ke ngoko, ukulahlwa okungafanelekanga kwePCBS okunomxholo ophezulu wechlorini kuyingozi kwindalo. Ukutshisa ezi zixhobo ukuze uziphelise (ezenzekayo) kunokukhupha ii-dioxin kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa ii-PCBS ze-halogen-free

Ngoku ukuba uyazi iinyani, kutheni usebenzisa i-PCB engena-halogen?

Olona ncedo luphambili kukuba azikho ezinye iindlela ezinetyhefu yokufumana iindlela ezizalisiweyo ze-halogen. Ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko lwakho, amagcisa akho, kunye nabantu abaza kuphatha iibhodi kwanele ukuba bacinge ngokusebenzisa ibhodi.

Ukongeza, umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo usezantsi kakhulu kunesixhobo esiqulathe isixa esikhulu seekhemikhali ezinobungozi. Ngokukodwa kwimimandla apho iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ze-PCB zingafumaneki, umxholo we-halogen esezantsi uqinisekisa ukulahlwa okukhuselekileyo.

Kwiminyaka yetekhnoloji ekhulayo, apho abathengi baya besazi ngakumbi ngetyhefu kwiimveliso zabo, usetyenziso phantse alunamda – kufanelekile, i-halogen-yasimahla ye-elektroniki ezimotweni, iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nezinye izixhobo esihlala sinxibelelana nazo.

Kodwa ukunciphisa ityhefu ayisiyiyo kuphela inzuzo: ikwanayo inzuzo yokusebenza. Ezi PCBS zihlala zikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ezenza ukuba zilungele iisekethe ezingenazikhokelo. Kuba ilothe yenye yeenkampani ezininzi ezizama ukunqanda, ungazibulala iintaka ezimbini ngelitye.

I-Halogen-free PCB insulation inokuba yindleko kwaye isebenze kwizinto ezilahlwayo zombane. Okokugqibela, kuba ezi bhodi zidlulisela i-dielectric engagungqiyo rhoqo, kulula ukugcina ukuthembeka komqondiso.

Sonke kufuneka sizame ukukhulisa ukuqonda ukunciphisa umngcipheko onokuthintelwa kwizixhobo ezinje ngePCBS. Nangona ii-PCBS ezingenayo i-halogen zingekalawulwa ngumthetho, iinzame zenziwa egameni lemibutho echaphazelekayo yokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto zinobungozi.