Ngati mudamvapo za mawu akuti “Halogen-free PCB”Ndipo mukufuna kuphunzira zambiri, mwafika pamalo abwino. Timagawana nkhani kuseli kwa komiti yoyendetsedwa iyi.

Find out the facts about halogens in PCBS, halogens in general and requirements for the term “halogen-free”. Tidawunikiranso zabwino zopanda halogen.

Kodi PCB yopanda halogen ndi chiyani?

Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za PCB yopanda ma halogen, bungweli liyenera kukhala ndi ma halojeni opitilira muyeso (PPM).

Halogens mu biphenyl polychlorinated

Ma Halogen amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi PCBS.

Chlorine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowotcha cha lawi kapena zotchinga zoteteza pamawaya a polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chosungunulira cha semiconductor chitukuko kapena kuyeretsa tchipisi tama kompyuta.

Bromine itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lawi lamoto kuteteza zida zamagetsi kapena kuyimitsa zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Ndi gawo liti lomwe limaonedwa kuti ndilopanda halogen?

International Electrochemistry Commission (IEC) imakhazikitsa miyezo pa 1,500 PPM pazosewerera za halogen poletsa kugwiritsa ntchito halogen. Malire a chlorine ndi bromine ndi 900 PPM.

Malire a PPM ndi ofanana ngati mumvera malire a Zinthu Zowopsa (RoHS).

Chonde dziwani kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya halogen ilipo pamsika. Popeza kupanga kopanda ma halogen sikofunikira, milingo yovomerezeka ndi mabungwe odziyimira pawokha, monga opanga, imatha kusiyanasiyana.

Mapangidwe opanda bolodi a Halogen

Pakadali pano, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ma PCBS enieni opanda halogen ndi ovuta kupeza. Pakhoza kukhala ma halojeni ochepa m’mabwalo oyang’anira, ndipo izi zimatha kubisika m’malo osayembekezereka.

Tiyeni tione zitsanzo zingapo. Bokosi loyenda labiriwira silikhala lopanda ma halogen pokhapokha ngati gawo lobiriwira lichotsedwa mufilimu ya solder.

Mafinya a epoxy omwe amathandiza kuteteza PCBS amakhala ndi chlorine. Ma Halogen amathanso kubisika muzinthu monga magalasi am’magalasi, kuthira ndi kuchiritsa othandizira, komanso olimbikitsa utomoni.

Muyeneranso kudziwa zovuta zomwe zingabwere chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda halogen. Mwachitsanzo, pakalibe ma halojeni, solder to flux ratio imatha kukhudzidwa, zomwe zimabweretsa zokopa.

Kumbukirani kuti mavuto oterewa sayenera kuthetsedwa. Njira yosavuta yopewera zokopa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito solder resist (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti solder resist) kutanthauzira mapadi.

Ndikofunikira kugwirira ntchito ndi opanga odziwika bwino a PCB kuti zitsimikizire kuwonekera kwa zomwe zili mu halogen mu PCB. Ngakhale adziwa, sikuti wopanga aliyense pakadali pano ali ndi kuthekera kopanga ma board awa.

Komabe, popeza tsopano mukudziwa komwe ma halojeni ali ndi zomwe amapangira, mutha kufotokoza zofunikira. Mungafunike kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi wopanga kuti mupeze njira yabwino yopewera ma halojeni osafunikira.

Ngakhale kupeza 100% yopanda halogen PCB kumakhala kovuta, mutha kupangabe PCB pamlingo wovomerezeka malinga ndi malamulo a IEC ndi RoHS.

Kodi halogen ndi chiyani?

Ma Halogeni siawo mankhwala kapena zinthu. Mawuwa amatanthauzira kuchokera ku Chigriki kupita ku “wopanga mchere” ndipo amatanthauza zinthu zingapo zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zidalembedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Izi zikuphatikiza chlorine, bromine, ayodini, fluorine ndi A – zina zomwe mwina mumazidziwa. Zosangalatsa: Phatikizani ndi sodium ndi halogen kuti mupange mchere! Kuphatikiza apo, chinthu chilichonse chimakhala ndi malingaliro apadera omwe amatithandizira.

Ayodini ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwala a fluoride monga fluoride amawonjezeredwa m’madzi amtundu wa anthu kuti alimbikitse thanzi la mano, ndipo amapezekanso m’malo opangira mafuta ndi mafiriji.

Zosowa kwambiri, chikhalidwe chake sichimamveka bwino, ndipo Tennessee Tinge akuwerengedwabe.

Chlorine ndi bromine zimapezeka muzonse kuyambira madzi ophera tizilombo mpaka mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso, PCBS.

Chifukwa chiyani mumapanga ma PCBS opanda halogen?

Ngakhale ma halojeni amatenga gawo lofunikira pakapangidwe ka PCB, ali ndi zovuta zomwe ndizovuta kuzinyalanyaza: kawopsedwe. Inde, zinthu izi ndizothandiza pantchito zamoto zamoto ndi fungicides, koma zimawononga ndalama zambiri.

Chlorine ndi bromine ndizomwe zimayambitsa vuto pano. Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala aliwonse amtunduwu kumatha kuyambitsa kusapeza bwino, monga nseru, kutsokomola, khungu kukwiya komanso kusawona bwino.

Kusamalira ma PCBS okhala ndi ma halojeni sikuwoneka kuti kumabweretsa chiopsezo. Komabe, ngati PCB igwira moto ndikutulutsa utsi, mutha kuyembekezera zotsatirapo zoyipazi.

Ngati chlorine imasakanikirana ndi ma hydrocarbon, imatulutsa ma dioxin, khansa yoopsa. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha zochepa zomwe zilipo kuti abwezeretse bwinobwino PCBS, mayiko ena samatha kuwononga.

Chifukwa chake, kutaya kosayenera kwa PCBS wokhala ndi klorini wambiri ndikowopsa ku chilengedwe. Kuwotcha zida izi kuti zithetse (zomwe zimachitika) kumatha kumasula ma dioxin m’chilengedwe.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma PCBS opanda halogen

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa zowona, bwanji mugwiritse ntchito PCB yopanda halogen?

Ubwino wake ndikuti ndizochepa zomwe zili ndi poizoni m’malo mwa ma halogen. Kukhazikitsa chitetezo chanu, akatswiri anu, ndi anthu omwe akuyang’anira matabwa ndikwanira kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zowopsa zachilengedwe ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa zida zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhwala owopsa oterewa. Makamaka m’malo omwe njira zabwino zogwiritsiranso ntchito za PCB sizipezeka, zotsika za halogen zimatsimikizira kutaya bwino.

M’nthawi yaukadaulo wotukuka, pomwe ogula akudziwikiratu za poizoni muzogulitsa zawo, mapulogalamuwa alibe malire – makamaka, alibe ma halogen zamagetsi zamagalimoto, mafoni ndi zida zina zomwe timalumikizana nazo kwambiri.

Koma kuchepetsedwa kwa kawopsedwe si mwayi wokhawo: amakhalanso ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito. Ma PCBS amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera madera opanda lead. Popeza lead ndi chinthu china chomwe mafakitale ambiri amayesetsa kupewa, mutha kupha mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala.

Kutchinjiriza kwa PCB kopanda Halogen kumatha kukhala kosafuna ndalama zambiri komanso kothandiza pamagetsi omwe amatha kutayika. Pomaliza, chifukwa matabwawa amatumiza ma dielectric otsika mosalekeza, ndikosavuta kusunga umphumphu.

Tonsefe tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti tidziwitse za kuchepetsa ngozi zomwe zingapeweke pazida zofunikira monga PCBS. Ngakhale ma PCBS opanda ma halogen sanakhazikitsidwe ndi lamulo, zoyesayesa zikuchitika m’malo mwa mabungwe omwe akukhudzidwa kuti athetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owopsawa.