Kana iwe wakambonzwa nezve izwi rinoti “Halogen isina PCB”Uye uchida kudzidza zvakawanda, wauya panzvimbo chaipo. Isu tinogovana nyaya iri kuseri kweiyi yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi.

Tsvaga izvo chokwadi nezve halojeni muPCBS, halojeni zvakajairika uye zvinodikanwa zveizwi rekuti “halogen-yemahara”. Takatarisawo zvakanakira halogen-yemahara.

Chii chinonzi halogen-isina PCB?

Kuti uwane zvinodikanwa zvePCB isina halogen, bhodhi harifanirwe kunge riine chinopfuura chimwe huwandu hwe halogen muzvikamu pamiriyoni (PPM).

Halojeni mu polychlorinated biphenyl

Halogen ane akasiyana mashandisiro maererano nePCBS.

Chlorine inoshandiswa semurazvo wemoto unodzivirira kana unodzivirira we polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waya. Iyo inoshandiswawo senge solvent ye semiconductor kuvandudza kana kuchenesa komputa machipisi.

Bromine inogona kushandiswa semurazvo wemoto kudzivirira zvikamu zvemagetsi kana kuomesa zvinhu.

Ndeipi nhanho inonzi halogen-isina?

International Electrochemistry Commission (IEC) inoisa mwero pa1,500, XNUMX PPM yezvose zviri halogen zvirimo nekudzikisira kushandiswa kwe halogen. Iyo miganho yeklorini uye bromine iri 900 PPM.

PPM miganhu yakafanana kana iwe ukateerana neHazardous Substance muganho (RoHS).

Ndokumbira utarise kuti akasiyana halogen zviyero zviripo pamusika. Sezvo kugadzirwa kwemaharagen kusiri chinhu chinodiwa pamutemo, iwo mazinga anotenderwa akagadzwa nemasangano akazvimirira, senge vagadziri, anogona kusiyana.

Halogen-yemahara bhodhi dhizaini

Panguva ino, isu tinofanirwa kucherechedza kuti yechokwadi halogen-isina PCBS yakaoma kuwana. Panogona kunge paine zvidiki zvema halogen pamabhodhi ematunhu, uye izvi zvinosanganiswa zvinogona kuvanzwa munzvimbo dzisingatarisirwe.

Ngatitsanangurei mimwe mienzaniso. Iyo yakasvibira redunhu bhodhi haina halogen-yemahara kunze kwekunge girini substrate yabviswa kubva kune iyo solder firimu.

Epoxy resin iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza PCBS inogona kunge iine chlorine. Halogens inogona zvakare kuvanzwa mune zvigadzirwa senge girazi gels, kunyorova uye kurapa vamiririri, uye resin vanosimudzira.

Iwe unofanirwa zvakare kuziva nezve zvingangova misungo yekushandisa halogen-isina zvigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, mukushaikwa kwe halogen, iyo solder kune flux ratio inogona kukanganiswa, zvichikonzera kukwenya.

Ramba uchifunga kuti matambudziko akadaro haafanire kukurirwa. Nzira iri nyore yekudzivirira kukwenya ndeye kushandisa kusagadzirisa kusagadzikana (inozivikanwawo sekuti kusagadzirisa kusagadzirisa) kutsanangura mapadhi.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti ubatanidzwe pamwe neanozivikanwa ePCB vagadziri kuve nechokwadi chekujekesa kweiyo halogen zvemukati muPCB. Kunyangwe zvavo vachizivikanwa, havasi vese vagadziri parizvino vanokwanisa kuburitsa aya mabhodhi.

Nekudaro, ikozvino zvauri kuziva kuti ma halogen aripi uye zvaari, unogona kudoma zvinodiwa. Iwe ungangoda kushanda pamwe nemugadziri kuti uone nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira zvisina kufanira halojeni.

Kunyangwe kuwana 100% isina halogen-isina pcb inogona kunetsa, uchiri kugona kugadzira pcb kune nhanho inogamuchirwa zvinoenderana nemirau yeEC uye RoHS.

Chii chinonzi halogen?

Halojeni haasi iwo makemikari kana zvinhu. Izwi iri rinoshandura kubva muchiGiriki kuenda ku “munyu unogadzira munyu” uye rinoreva nhevedzano yezvinhu zvinoenderana mutafura ye periodic.

Izvi zvinosanganisira chlorine, bromine, ayodini, fluorine uye A – zvimwe zvacho zvaungave uchiziva nezvazvo. Kunakidza chokwadi: Sanganisa ne sodium uye halogen kugadzira munyu! Uye zvakare, chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine zvakasarudzika hunhu hunobatsira kwatiri.

Iodini inowanzoita hutachiona. Fluoride makemikari senge fluoride anowedzerwa kune yeruzhinji mvura yekushandisa kusimudzira hutano hwemeno, uye iwo anowanikwawo mumafuta uye mafiriji.

Zvakanyanya kushomeka, hunhu hwayo haunzwisiswe, uye Tennessee Tinge ichiri kuongororwa.

Chlorine uye bromine zvinowanikwa mune zvese kubva kumvura disinfectors kusvika kuzvipembenene uye, zvechokwadi, PCBS.

Nei uchigadzira halogen-isina PCBS?

Kunyangwe halojeni ichiita basa rakakosha muzvivakwa zvePBB, zvine dambudziko iro rakaoma kufuratira: huturu. Hongu, izvi zvinhu zvinoshanda murazvo retardants uye fungicides, asi zvinodhura zvakanyanya.

Chlorine uye bromine ndizvo zvakakonzera pano. Kujekesa kune chero eaya makemikari kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvekusuwa, senge kusvotwa, kukosora, kutsamwa kweganda uye kuona kwakasviba.

Kubata maPCB ane halogenizi hazvigone kukonzera kuratidzwa kune njodzi. Zvakadaro, kana pcb ikabata moto uye ikaburitsa hutsi, unogona kutarisira izvi zvakashata mhedzisiro.

Kana chlorine ikaitika ikasangana nemahydrocarbon, inogadzira dioxin, inouraya carcinogen. Nehurombo, nekuda kwezvishoma zviwanikwa zviripo zvekuchengetedza zvakare PCBS, dzimwe nyika dzinowanzoita zvisina kunaka kuraswa.

Naizvozvo, kuraswa zvisina kufanira kwePCBS ine yakakwira chlorine yezvinhu zvine njodzi kune ecosystem. Kupisa aya magajeti kuti uabvise (izvo zvinoitika) kunogona kuburitsa dioxin mumamiriro ekunze.

Zvakanakira kushandisa halogen-isina PCBS

Zvino zvaunoziva chokwadi, nei uchishandisa halogen-isina PCB?

Chinhu chikuru chakanakira ndechekuti ivo ishoma nzira dzine chepfu kune halogen dzimwe nzira dzakazadzwa. Kuisa pekutanga kuchengetedzeka kwako, matekinoroji ako, uye nevanhu vachange vachibata mabhodhi zvakaringana kufunga kushandisa bhodhi.

Pamusoro pezvo, njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzakaderera zvakanyanya pane zvekushandisa zvine huwandu hwakakura hwemakemikari ane njodzi akadaro. Kunyanya munzvimbo dzakanakisa pcb maitirwo enzira dzisingawanikwe, zvakaderera halogen zvemukati zvinovimbisa kuraswa kwakachengeteka.

Munguva yehunyanzvi hwekuwedzera tekinoroji, uko vatengi vari kuwedzera kuziva huturu muzvigadzirwa zvavo, mashandisiro acho haana muganho – zvine musoro, halogen-yemahara yemagetsi mumotokari, nhare mbozha uye nezvimwe zvishandiso zvatinoramba tichikurukura.

Asi yakaderedzwa huturu haisiriyo yega mukana: ivowo vane mukana wekuita. Aya maPCBS anogona kazhinji kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira, ichivaita akakodzera kumatunhu asina lead. Sezvo lead iri imwe kondinendi inozama kunzvengwa nemaindasitiri, unogona kuuraya shiri mbiri nedombo.

Halogen-yemahara pcb kuputira kunogona kuve kunodhura uye kunoshanda kune anoraswa emagetsi. Chekupedzisira, nekuti aya mabhodhi anotapudza yakaderera dielectric nguva dzose, zviri nyore kuchengetedza chiratidzo kutendeka.

Tese isu tinofanirwa kushandira kusimudzira ruzivo kudzora njodzi dzinodzivirirwa mumidziyo yakakosha sePCBS. Kunyangwe hbhagen-isina PCBS isati yagadziriswa nemutemo, kuedza kuri kuitwa pachinzvimbo chemasangano ane hanya kupedza kushandiswa kwemakomputa anokuvadza.