Yosindikizidwa Circuit Board (PCB), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Printed Circuit Board, ndichinthu chofunikira pakompyuta, ndi gulu lothandizira lazinthu zamagetsi, ndiye chonyamulira cholumikizira zamagetsi zamagetsi. Chifukwa amapangidwa ndi kusindikiza kwamagetsi, amatchedwa komiti yoyang’anira “yosindikizidwa”.

Gulu la PCB

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya PCBS:

1. Gulu limodzi

Pa PCB yoyambira, malowa ali mbali imodzi ndi mawaya mbali inayo (mbali yomweyo ndi chigamba ndi mbali inayo ndi cholumikizira). Chifukwa waya imawonekera mbali imodzi yokha, PCB imatchedwa mbali imodzi. Chifukwa mapanelo amodzi anali ndi zoletsa zambiri pakapangidwe ka dera (chifukwa panali mbali imodzi yokha, kulumikizana sikungadutse ndikuyenera kutenga njira ina), ma circuits oyambilira okha ndiwo amagwiritsa ntchito matabwa amenewo.

2. Magulu awiri

Mabungwe okhala ndi mbali ziwiri amakhala ndi zingwe mbali zonse za bolodi, koma kulumikizana kwamagetsi koyenera pakati pa mbali zonse ziwiri ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya mbali zonse ziwiri. “Mlatho” uwu pakati pa madera umatchedwa dzenje lotsogolera (VIA). Mabowo otsogolera ndi mabowo ang’onoang’ono mu PCB yodzazidwa kapena yokutidwa ndi chitsulo chomwe chitha kulumikizidwa ndi mawaya mbali zonse. Chifukwa dera lamagulu awiriwa ndi lokulirapo kuposa la gulu limodzi, magawo awiri amathetsa kuvuta kwa zingwe zosunthika pagulu limodzi (zimatha kutsogolera mbali ina kudzera m’mabowo), ndipo ndioyenera madera ovuta kwambiri kuposa gulu limodzi.

3. Makina angapo

Pofuna kuonjezera malo omwe zingagwire ntchito zolumikizira, ma board-wiring awiri ndi awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mabungwe angapo. Ndikulumikiza kawiri, njira ziwiri zosanjikiza zakunja kapena zolumikizira ziwiri, mabuloko awiri osanjikiza akunja a bolodi losindikizidwa, kudzera pamakina oyikapo ndi zinthu zina zomatira zotchingira komanso kulumikizana kwazithunzi mogwirizana bolodi amakhala anayi, zisanu ndi chimodzi wosanjikiza kusindikizidwa dera bolodi, amatchedwanso multilayer kusindikizidwa dera bolodi. Kuchuluka kwa zigawo za bolodi sikukutanthauza kuti pali magawo angapo odziyimira pawokha. Muzochitika zapadera, zigawo zopanda kanthu zimawonjezeredwa kuti ziwongole makulidwe a bolodi. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa zigawo ndizofanana ndipo magawo awiri akunja amaphatikizidwa. Ma boardboard ambiri amamangidwa ndi zigawo zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, koma mwaukadaulo pafupi ndi zigawo 100 za PCBS ndizotheka. Makompyuta akuluakulu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma boardboard angapo, koma agwiritsika ntchito chifukwa amatha kusinthidwa ndi masango amakompyuta wamba. Chifukwa zigawo za PCB ndizolumikizana kwambiri, sizivuta kuwona nambala yake, koma ngati mungayang’ane pa bolodi la amayi, mutha.

Ntchito ya PCB

Zipangizo zamagetsi zogwiritsira ntchito bolodi losindikizidwa, chifukwa chamtundu womwewo wosasinthasintha bolodi, kuti mupewe kulakwitsa kwawongolere, ndipo zida zamagetsi zimatha kulowetsedwa kapena kuyikika, soldering zodziwikiratu, kudziwikira zokha, kuonetsetsa kuti zida zamagetsi ndizabwino, sinthani zokolola pantchito, kuchepetsa mtengo, ndi kukonza kosavuta.

Mawonekedwe a PCB (maubwino)

Ma PCB adayamba kutchuka chifukwa cha zabwino zawo zambiri, kuphatikiza zotsatirazi.

Itha kukhala yochulukirapo. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, kuchuluka kwa PCB kwasintha chifukwa madera ophatikizika asintha ndipo ukadaulo wakukhazikitsa wasintha.

Kudalirika kwambiri. Kupyola mayeso angapo, mayeso, ndi ukalamba, PCB imatha kutsimikizika kuti imagwira ntchito mokhulupirika kwa nthawi yayitali (zaka 20).

Kukhazikika. Ntchito PCB (magetsi, thupi, mankhwala, makina, etc.) amafuna, akhoza yovomerezeka kapangidwe, standardization, ndi zina zotero kuti akwaniritse kusindikizidwa bolodi kamangidwe, nthawi yochepa, dzuwa mkulu.

Zothandiza. Muziona kasamalidwe amakono, akhoza kuchita standardization, lonse (kuchuluka), zokha, ndi zina zotero kupanga, zimatsimikizira mankhwala khalidwe kusasinthika.

Kuyesedwa. Njira yoyeserera yokwanira, miyezo yoyesera, zida zosiyanasiyana zoyeserera, ndi zida zakhazikitsidwa kuti ziyese ndikuwunika ziyeneretso za PCB ndi moyo wautumiki.

Kusonkhana. Zogulitsa za PCB sizimangothandiza msonkhano wokhazikika wazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zimatha kupangika, kupanga kwakukulu. Nthawi yomweyo, PCB ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amisonkhano amatha kusonkhanitsidwa m’magawo akulu, mpaka makina onse.

Kukhalitsa. Popeza zopangidwa ndi PCB ndi misonkhano ingapo yamagulu ndizokhazikitsidwa pakupanga ndi kupanga zambiri, zigawozi ndizofanananso. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi likalephera, limatha kusinthidwa m’malo mwachangu, mosavuta, ndikusinthasintha kuti ntchitoyo igwire ntchito mwachangu. Zachidziwikire, zambiri zitha kunenedwa. Monga makina a miniaturization, opepuka, kuthamanga kwama siginecha, ndi zina zambiri.