Ishicilelwe Circuit Board (I-PCB), eyaziwa nangokuthi iBhodi Ephrintiwe Yesekethe, iyinto ebalulekile ye-elekthronikhi, ingumzimba wokusekelwa wezinto zikagesi, othwala uxhumano lukagesi lwezinto zikagesi. Ngoba yenziwa ngokunyathelisa ngogesi, ibizwa ngokuthi ibhodi yesifunda “ephrintiwe”.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-PCB

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-PCBS:

1. Iphaneli elilodwa

Ku-PCB eyisisekelo, izingxenye zikolunye uhlangothi nezintambo ngakolunye uhlangothi (ngasohlangothini olufanayo ne-patch element nangakolunye uhlangothi ne-plug-in element). Ngoba ucingo luvela ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, i-PCB ibizwa ngohlangothi olulodwa. Ngoba amapaneli angashadile ayenemikhawulo eminingi eqinile ekwakhiweni kwesekethe (ngoba kwakunohlangothi olulodwa kuphela, i-wiring yayingakwazi ukuwela futhi kwakudingeka ithathe indlela ehlukile), amasekethe okuqala kuphela ayesebenzisa lawo mabhodi.

2. Iphaneli elikabili

Amabhodi anezinhlangothi ezimbili anezintambo ezinhlangothini zombili zebhodi, kepha ukuxhumana kahle kukagesi phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izintambo ezinhlangothini zombili. Leli “bhuloho” eliphakathi kwamasekethe libizwa ngokuthi umgodi wokuqondisa (i-VIA). Izimbobo zomhlahlandlela izimbobo ezincane ku-PCB ezigcwele noma ezifakwe insimbi ezingaxhunywa ezintanjeni ezinhlangothini zombili. Ngoba indawo yephaneli ephindwe kabili inkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunaleyo yephaneli elilodwa, iphaneli ephindwe kabili ixazulula ubunzima bezintambo ezimile kuphaneli elilodwa (ingaholela kolunye uhlangothi ngezimbobo), futhi ilungele amasekethe anzima kakhulu ngaphezu kwephaneli elilodwa.

3. I-multilayer

Ukuze kwandiswe indawo lapho kungenziwa khona izintambo, kusetshenziswa amabhodi wiring ahlangothini olulodwa nangamacala amabili. Ngolwelwesi olumbili, izindlela ezimbili zendlela yongqimba lwangaphandle noma ulwelwesi olumbili, amabhulokhi amabili woqweqwe lwangaphandle olulodwa lwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, ngohlelo lokubeka izinto nangezinye izinto zokunamathisela zokunamathisela kanye nokuhlangana kwehluzo okwenziwe ngokuya ngemfuneko yedizayini yesekethe ephrintiwe Ibhodi liba amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe amane, ayisithupha, awaziwa nangokuthi ibhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe. Inani lezendlalelo zebhodi alisho ukuthi kunezingqimba eziningana zezintambo ezizimele. Ezimweni ezikhethekile, kunezelwa izingqimba ezingenalutho ukulawula ukushuba kwebhodi. Imvamisa, inani lezendlalelo lilingana futhi kufakwe izingqimba ezimbili ezingaphandle. Amabhodi amaningi womama akhiwe ngezendlalelo ezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, kepha ngobuchwepheshe obusondele ezingqimbeni eziyi-100 zama-PCBS kungenzeka. Iningi labadlali abakhulu be-supercomputer basebenzisa izingqimba ezimbalwa zamabhodi womama, kepha seziyekile ukusebenza njengoba zingathathelwa indawo ngamaqoqo amakhompyutha ajwayelekile. Ngoba izingqimba ezikwi-PCB zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile, akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubona inombolo yangempela, kepha uma ubheka kakhulu kubhodi yomama, ungakwazi.

Indima ye-PCB

Imishini ye-elekthronikhi isebenzisa ibhodi eliphrintiwe, ngenxa yohlobo olufanayo lokuvumelana kwebhodi eliphrintiwe, ukuze kugwenywe iphutha lezintambo, futhi izinto ze-elekthronikhi zingafakwa noma zifakwe ngokuzenzakalela, i-soldering ezenzakalelayo, ukutholwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemishini kagesi, ithuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokunakekelwa okulula.

Izici ze-PCB (izinzuzo)

Ama-PCB akhule ngokuthandwa ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo eziningi ezihlukile, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo.

Kungaba ukuqina okukhulu. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, ukuminyana kwe-PCB kuguqukile njengoba amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe ethuthukile futhi ubuchwepheshe bokufaka buthuthukile.

Ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Ngochungechunge lokuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa, nokuhlolwa kokuguga, i-PCB ingaqinisekiswa ukuthi izosebenza ngokuthembekile isikhathi eside (iminyaka engama-20).

Ukuhleleka. Ukuze PCB ukusebenza (kagesi, ngokomzimba, amakhemikhali, mechanical, njll) izidingo, kungenziwa zifane design, ejwayelekile, nokunye ukuze kuzuzwe ephrintiwe ibhodi design, isikhathi esifushane, ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu.

Ukukhiqiza. Hlakulela ukuphathwa kwesimanje, kungaqhubeka nokuma ngamazinga, isikali (ubuningi), i-automation, nokunye ukukhiqizwa, kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ukuhlolwa. Indlela yokuhlola ephelele, amazinga wokuhlola, imishini yokuhlola ehlukahlukene, kanye nezinsimbi kusungulwe ukuhlola nokulinganisa iziqu zemikhiqizo ye-PCB nempilo yesevisi.

Ukuhlangana. Imikhiqizo ye-PCB ayigcini nje ngokuhambisa ukuhlangana okuhleliwe kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene kepha futhi kungenziwa ngemishini, ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo esikhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-PCB nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomhlangano zingabuthelwa zibe izingxenye ezinkulu, amasistimu, kuze kube ngumshini wonke.

Ukugcinwa. Njengoba imikhiqizo ye-PCB nemikhakha eyahlukahlukene yezingxenye ifane nokuklanywa nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi, lezi zingxenye nazo zenziwe zafana. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlelo luhluleka, lungashintshwa ngokushesha, kalula, futhi kube lula ukubuyisa uhlelo olusebenzayo ngokushesha. Vele, kungashiwo okuningi. Njenge-miniaturization yohlelo, engasindi, isivinini sokudlulisa isiginali, njll.