Ndikukula kwa ukadaulo wolumikizirana, wailesi yakumanja bolodi lapamwamba kwambiri ukadaulo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, monga: chopanda zingwe chopanda zingwe, foni yam’manja, PDA yopanda zingwe, ndi zina zambiri, magwiridwe antchito a wailesi pafupipafupi amakhudza kwambiri mtundu wonse wazogulitsidwazo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu pazogulitsa zam’manja izi ndi miniaturization, ndipo miniaturization imatanthawuza kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndizokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zake (kuphatikiza SMD, SMC, chip yopanda kanthu, etc.) zisokonezane kwambiri. Ngati siginolo yamagetsi yamagetsi siyikugwiridwa bwino, dongosolo lonse la dera silingagwire bwino ntchito. Chifukwa chake, momwe mungapewere ndi kupondereza kulowererapo kwamagetsi ndi kukonza magwiridwe amagetsi kwakhala mutu wofunikira pakupanga PCB dera la PCB. Dera lomwelo, kapangidwe ka PCB kosiyanasiyana, cholozera chake chimasiyana kwambiri. Pepala ili likufotokoza momwe tingakulitsire magwiridwe antchito a dera kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zamagetsi zamagetsi mukamagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Protel99 SE kupanga rf dera PCB yazogulitsa.

1. Kusankha mbale

Gawo la board yosindikizidwa limaphatikizapo magulu azinthu zachilengedwe komanso zinthu zina. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu gawo lapansi ndi dielectric mosalekeza ε R, kutaya chinthu (kapena kutaya kwa dielectric) Tan δ, kufalikira kwamphamvu koyefishienti CET ndi mayamwidwe amadzimadzi. ε R imakhudza kutayika kwa dera komanso kuchuluka kwa ma signal. Pazoyendera pafupipafupi, kulolerana kololeza ndichinthu choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri kuganizira, ndipo gawo lokhala ndi kulolerana kotsika liyenera kusankhidwa.

2. Ndondomeko ya kapangidwe ka PCB

Chifukwa mapulogalamu a Protel99 SE ndi osiyana ndi Protel 98 ndi mapulogalamu ena, njira yopangira PCB ndi pulogalamu ya Protel99 SE imakambidwa mwachidule.

Chifukwa Protel99 SE imagwiritsa ntchito njira yosungira ma database ya PROJECT, yomwe ili mu Windows 99, chifukwa chake tiyenera kukhazikitsa fayilo yazosunga kuti tisamalire zojambulazo.

② Kapangidwe kazithunzi. Kuti muzindikire kulumikizana kwa netiweki, zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kukhalapo mulaibulale yopangira mfundo isanapangidwe; Kupanda kutero, zinthu zofunika kuzipanga ziyenera kukhala mu SCHLIB ndikusungidwa mu fayilo ya library. Kenako, mumangoyitanitsa zinthu zofunika kuchokera mulaibulale yamagulu ndikuzigwirizanitsa molingana ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa.

③ Kamangidwe kameneka akamaliza, tebulo la netiweki limatha kupangidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pakupanga kwa PCB.

Mapangidwe a BPCB. A. mawonekedwe a CB ndi kutsimikiza kwake. Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa PCB zimatsimikizika molingana ndi malo a PCB pazogulitsidwazo, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ampatawo komanso mgwirizano ndi magawo ena. Jambulani mawonekedwe a PCB pogwiritsa ntchito PLACE TRACK pa MECHANICAL LAYER. B. Pangani masenje oyika, maso ndi malo olembera pa PCB malinga ndi zofunikira za SMT. C. Kupanga zigawo zikuluzikulu. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zapadera zomwe sizikupezeka mulaibulale, muyenera kupanga zigawo musanapangidwe. Njira yopangira zida mu Protel99 SE ndi yosavuta. Sankhani lamulo la “PANGANI LIBRARY” mu “DESIGN” menyu kuti mulowe mu COMPONENT kupanga zenera, kenako sankhani lamulo la “NEW COMPONENT” mumenyu ya “TOOL” kuti mupange Zida. Pakadali pano, ingojambulani PAD yofananira pamalo ena ndikusintha mu PAD yofunikira (kuphatikiza mawonekedwe, kukula, mkati mwake ndi Angle ya PAD, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo lembani dzina lofanana la PAD) ku TOP LAYER ndi lamulo la PLACE PAD ndi zina zotero kutengera mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chinthu chenicheni. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito PLACE TRACK kuti muwonetse mawonekedwe ake mu TOP OVERLAYER, sankhani dzina lachigawo ndikusunga mulaibulale. D. Zida zikapangidwa, masanjidwe ndi zingwe zidzachitika. Magawo awiriwa tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane pansipa. E. Chongani ndondomeko izi zitatha. Kumbali imodzi, izi zikuphatikiza kuyendera mfundo zoyendera, komano, ndikofunikira kuwunika kufanana ndi msonkhano wa wina ndi mnzake. Mfundo yoyendera dera imatha kufufuzidwa pamanja kapena mosavuta ndi netiweki (netiweki yopangidwa ndi chiwonetsero choyerekeza ikhoza kufananizidwa ndi netiweki yopangidwa ndi PCB). F. Pambuyo pofufuza, sungani zolemba zanu ndikutulutsa fayilo. Mu Protel99 SE, muyenera kuyendetsa lamulo la EXPORT munjira ya FILE kuti musunge FILE munjira yomwe yatchulidwa ndi FILE (lamulo la IMPORT ndikuti LIMBITSANI FILE ku Protel99 SE). Chidziwitso: Pa Protel99 SE “FILE” njira “SUNGANI KOPI AS …” Lamulolo litaperekedwa, dzina la fayilo lomwe mwasankha silimawoneka mu Windows 98, chifukwa chake fayilo silingathe kuwoneka mu Resource Manager. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi “SAVE AS …” mu Protel 98. Sichimagwira chimodzimodzi.

3. Components layout

Chifukwa SMT imagwiritsa ntchito infuraredi kutentha kwamoto kotsekemera kuzipangizo zowonjezera, masanjidwe azigawo amakhudza kulumikizana kwa solder, kenako kumakhudzanso zokolola. Pakapangidwe ka PCB yoyendera rf, pamagetsi pamagetsi pamafunika kuti gawo lililonse lazigawo lisatulutse mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi momwe zingathere, ndipo limatha kulimbana ndi kusokonekera kwamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, masanjidwe azigawo amakhudzanso kusokoneza komanso kuthana ndi kusokoneza kwa dera lomwe, lomwe limakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito a dera lomwe lakonzedwa. Chifukwa chake, pakupanga kwa PCB dera la PCB, kuphatikiza pakapangidwe ka PCB wamba, tiyeneranso kulingalira momwe tingachepetse kusokoneza pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a dera la RF, momwe tingachepetse kusokoneza kwa dera lokha kumadera ena ndi kuthana ndi kusokoneza kwa dera lokha. Malinga ndi zomwe adakumana nazo, zotsatira za rf dera zimadalira osati kokha pamndandanda wa magwiridwe antchito a bolodi la RF lokha, komanso pakuchita mgwirizano ndi bolodi ya CPU kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, pakupanga kwa PCB, kukhazikitsa koyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Mfundo Kamangidwe mfundo: zigawo zikuluzikulu ayenera anakonza mbali yomweyo ngati kuli kotheka, ndi chodabwitsa zoipa kuwotcherera akhoza kuchepetsedwa kapena kupewa ndi kusankha malangizo a PCB kulowa dongosolo malata Sungunulani; Malinga ndi zokumana nazo, danga pakati pazinthu ziyenera kukhala osachepera 0.5mm kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira pazitsulo zosungunuka. Ngati danga la bolodi la PCB lilola, danga pakati pazinthu ziyenera kukhala zokulirapo momwe zingathere. Kwa magawo awiri, mbali imodzi iyenera kupangidwira zigawo za SMD ndi SMC, mbali inayo ndizophatikizika.

Onani momwe zilili:

* Choyamba kudziwa udindo wa mawonekedwe mawonekedwe pa PCB ndi matabwa ena PCB kapena kachitidwe, ndi kulabadira mgwirizano wa zigawo mawonekedwe (monga lathu zigawo zikuluzikulu, etc.).

* Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kocheperako kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito m’manja, zigawo zimapangidwa m’njira yofananira, chifukwa chake pazinthu zazikuluzikulu, choyambirira chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti mudziwe malo oyenera, ndikuganizira za vuto la mgwirizano pakati pawo.

* Kusanthula mosamala dongosolo la dera, kukonza kwa dera (monga frequency frequency amplifier dera, kusakaniza dera ndi demodulation dera, ndi zina), momwe mungathere kuti mulekanitse siginecha yolemetsa ndi siginecha yofooka pakadali pano, kusiyanitsa digito yama sigito ndi chizindikiro cha analog dera, malizitsani ntchito yofananayo yoyendetsa dera liyenera kukonzedwa mwanjira ina, potero amachepetsa malo olumikizira mbendera; Makina ochepera gawo lililonse la dera amayenera kulumikizidwa pafupi, kuti ma radiation asachepetse, komanso mwayi wosokonezedwa ungachepe, kutengera mphamvu yolimbana ndi kusokoneza kwa dera.

* Masekeli am’magulu am’magulu molingana ndi kuzindikira kwawo pamagetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Zigawo za dera lomwe limatha kusokonezedwa liyeneranso kupewa magwero osokoneza (monga kusokonezedwa ndi CPU pa board processing data).

4. Kulumikizana

Zigawozo zikaikidwa, zingwe zimatha kuyamba. Mfundo yayikulu yolumikizira ndi iyi: pansi pa kuchepa kwa msonkhano, kapangidwe kocheperako kotsika kuyenera kusankhidwa momwe zingathere, ndipo zingwe zazingwe ziyenera kukhala zokulirapo komanso zowonda momwe zingathere, zomwe zimathandizira kufanana kwa ma impedance.

Kwa rf dera, kapangidwe kake kopanda tanthauzo la mayendedwe amizere, kutalika ndi kutalikirana kwa mizere kungayambitse kusokonekera pakati pa mizere yotumizira ma siginolo; Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yamagetsi imapezekanso pakasokonekera phokoso, kotero pakupanga kwa PCB dera la PCB kuyenera kuganiziridwa mozama, kulumikiza koyenera.

Mukalumikiza, zingwe zonse ziyenera kukhala kutali ndi malire a bolodi ya PCB (pafupifupi 2mm), kuti zisayambitse kapena kukhala ndi vuto lobisika la waya mukamapanga gulu la PCB. Mzere wamagetsi uyenera kukhala wokulirapo momwe ungathere kuti muchepetse kutsutsana kwake. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwongolera kwa mzere wamagetsi ndi mzere wapansi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi kuwongolera kwa kufalitsa deta kuti athe kukonza zotsutsana ndi zosokoneza. Mizere yazizindikiro iyenera kukhala yayifupi momwe zingathere ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabowo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere. Kufupikitsa kwa kulumikizana pakati pazinthu, ndikwabwino, kuchepetsa kugawa kwa magawo ndi kusokonekera kwamagetsi pakati pawo; Kwa mizere yosagwirizana yazizindikiro iyenera kukhala kutali wina ndi mnzake, ndipo yesetsani kupewa mizere yofananira, komanso mbali ziwiri zabwino zogwiritsa ntchito mizere yolumikizana; Kulumikizana kofunikira ma adilesi apakona kuyenera kukhala 135 ° Angle moyenera, pewani kutembenukira kumanja.

Mzere wolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi pedi sayenera kukhala wokulirapo, ndipo mzerewo uyenera kukhala kutali ndi zinthu zomwe zadulidwa momwe zingathere kuti mupewe kufupikira; Mabowo sayenera kukokedwa pazinthu, ndipo ayenera kukhala kutali ndi zinthu zosadulidwa momwe angapewere kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera kopitilira muyeso, kufupikitsa kwa zinthu zina ndi zina pakupanga.

Mumapangidwe a PCB amtundu wa rf, kulumikizana kolondola kwa zingwe zamagetsi ndi waya wapansi ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe koyenera ndiye njira yofunikira kwambiri yothetsera kusokonekera kwamagetsi. Zinthu zambiri zosokoneza pa PCB zimapangidwa ndimagetsi ndi waya wapansi, pomwe waya wapadziko lapansi amachititsa phokoso kwambiri.

Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe waya wapansi ndiosavuta kuyambitsa kusokoneza kwamagetsi ndi kupindika kwa waya wapansi. Pakadutsa pano nthaka, pamafika magetsi pamtunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakapangidwe kazitsulo pakapangidwe kazitsulo, kakhazikike pansi. Ma circuits angapo akamagwiritsa ntchito waya wamtundu umodzi, kulumikizana kwama impedance komwe kumachitika, kumabweretsa zomwe zimadziwika kuti phokoso lanthaka. Chifukwa chake, mukalumikiza waya wapansi wa RF dera PCB, chitani izi:

* Choyambirira, dera limagawika magawo, rf dera limatha kugawidwa m’magulu apamwamba, kusakanikirana, kusinthasintha mphamvu, kugwedezeka kwanuko ndi magawo ena, kuti apereke gawo limodzi pamagawo oyendetsa dera lililonse, kuti Chizindikiro chitha kufalikira pakati pa ma module osiyanasiyana. Kenako imafotokozedwa mwachidule pamalo omwe PCB dera la PCB limalumikizidwa ndi nthaka, mwachitsanzo, mwachidule pamtunda waukulu. Popeza pali gawo limodzi lokhalo lofotokozera, palibe kulumikizana kwofananira kwa impedance motero chifukwa chake palibe vuto losokonezana.

* Malo amtundu wa digito ndi dera la analog momwe mungathere waya wadzipatula, komanso nthaka ya digito ndi nthaka ya analog kuti mulekanitse, pamapeto pake yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi.

* Mawaya apansi pagawo lirilonse akuyeneranso kulabadira mfundo imodzi yokha, kuchepetsa malo ozungulira mbendera, ndi adilesi yoyandikira yoyandikana nayo pafupi.

* Ngati danga likuloleza, ndibwino kupatula gawo lililonse ndi waya wapansi kuti muchepetse kulumikizana kwa siginolo.

5. Kutsiliza

Chinsinsi cha kapangidwe ka RF PCB chagona momwe mungachepetsere mphamvu ya radiation ndi momwe mungapangire luso lotsutsana ndi zosokoneza. Kapangidwe koyenera ndi kulumikizana ndi chitsimikizo cha DESIGNING RF PCB. Njira yomwe yafotokozedwa papepalayi ndiyothandiza kukonza kudalirika kwa kapangidwe ka PCB dera la PCB, kuthana ndi vuto la kusokonekera kwamagetsi, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chofananira kwamagetsi.