Cilmi -baarista iyo horumarinta beddelka korontada, Naqshadaynta PCB wuxuu hayaa boos aad u muhiim ah. A bad PCB has poor EMC performance, high output noise, weak anti-interference ability, and even basic functions are defective.

Waxoogaa ka duwan PCBS -yada kale ee qalabka, beddelidda awoodda PCBS waxay leedahay astaamo u gaar ah. Maqaalkani wuxuu si kooban uga hadli doonaa qaar ka mid ah mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee taararka PCB -ga ee beddelidda korontada oo ku salaysan waayo -aragnimada injineernimada.

1, kala dheereynta

Kala -dheereynta xariijinta waa in loo tixgeliyaa alaabta danab sare leh. Kala -dheereynta buuxin karta shuruudaha xeerarka badbaadada ee u dhiganta dabcan waa tan ugu fiican, laakiin marar badan badeecooyinka aan u baahnayn shahaado, ama aan buuxin karin shahaadada, baahinta waxaa go’aamiya khibrad. Waa maxay ballaca kala -dheereynta habboon? Waa inuu tixgeliyaa wax soo saarka haddii la hubiyo nadiifinta dusha sare, huurka deegaanka, wasakhaynta kale inay sugto xaalad sida.

Talooyinka ugu muhiimsan, xitaa haddii dusha sare ee guddiga loo dammaanad qaadi karo nadiif iyo shaabbad, MOS tuubo -biyoodka ilaha daadi ee u dhow 600V, in ka yar 1mm ayaa dhab ahaantii ka khatar badan!

2. Qaybaha ku yaal cidhifka sabuuradda

Awoodda balastarka ama aaladaha kale ee si fudud u burburay ee ku yaal geeska PCB, jihada kala -qaybiyaha PCB waa in la tixgeliyaa marka la dhigayo. Jaantusku wuxuu muujinayaa isbarbardhigga culayska qalabka ku jira hababka meelaynta kala duwan.

FIG. 1 Isbarbar dhigga culayska qalabka marka saxanku kala qaybsamo

Waxaa la arki karaa in aaladda ay tahay inay ka fogaato oo ay barbar dhigto cidhifyada kala -qaybiyeyaasha, haddii kale qaybta ayaa laga yaabaa inay waxyeello u geysato kala -qaybsanaha PCB.

3. Aagga loop

Whether input or output, power loop or signal loop, should be as small as possible. Wareegga korontadu wuxuu soo saaraa goob elektromagnetic ah, taas oo horseedi doonta sifooyinka EMI oo liita ama buuqa soo -saarka weyn; At the same time, if received by the control ring, it is likely to cause an exception.

Dhinaca kale, haddii aagga wareegga korontadu ka weyn yahay, inductance dulin u dhiganta ayaa sidoo kale kor u kici doonta, taas oo kordhin karta sawaxanka qulqulka qulqulka.

4. Fiilooyinka muhiimka ah

Saamaynta DI/DT awgood, waa in la yareeyo ku -xidhnaanta qaybta firfircoon, haddii kale beer -koronto oo xoog leh ayaa la soo saari doonaa. Haddii aad rabto inaad yareyso inductance, asal ahaan waxaad dooneysaa inaad yareyso dhererka fiilooyinka, kordhinta ficil ballaadhku waa yar yahay.

5. Fiilooyinka calaamadaha

Qeybta koontaroolka oo dhan, tixgelin waa in la siiyaa fiilooyinka ka fog qeybta awoodda. Haddii labaduba u dhow yihiin midba midka kale sababo xannibaadyo kale awgood, koontaroolka kontoroolka iyo khadka korontadu waa inaysan isbarbar dhigin, haddii kale waxay u horseedi kartaa hawlgal aan caadi ahayn ee korontada, shoog.

In addition, if the control line is very long, a pair of back and forth lines should be close to each other, or the two lines should be placed on the two sides of the PCB facing each other, so as to reduce the loop area and avoid interference by the electromagnetic field of the power part. FIG. 2 wuxuu muujinayaa hababka marin -habaabinta khadka saxda ah iyo kuwa qaldan ee u dhexeeya A iyo B.

Jaantuska 2 Hababka gudbinta fiilooyinka sax iyo khaladba.

Dabcan, khadka signalada waa inuu yareeyaa isku xirnaanta godadka!

6, naxaas

Mararka qaarkood dhigista naxaas gabi ahaanba waa wax aan loo baahnayn oo xitaa waa in laga fogaadaa. Haddii naxaasku uu ahaa mid ku filan oo danabkiisu kala duwan yahay, waxaa laga yaabaa inuu u dhaqmo sida anteeno, oo ka hillaacaysa hirarka elektromagnetic ee ku wareegsan. Dhinaca kale, way fududahay in kor loo qaado buuqa.

Guud ahaan, saaridda naxaasta waxaa loo oggol yahay oo keliya noodbooyin aan caadi ahayn, sida “dhulka” node ee dhammaadka wax -soo -saarka, kaas oo si wax ku ool ah u kordhin kara awoodda wax -soo -saarka oo shaandhayn kara qaylada dhawaaqyada qaarkood.

7, khariidaynta,

Wareegga, naxaas ayaa la dhigi karaa dhinac PCB -ga, kaas oo si otomaatig ah u sawiraya fiilooyinka dhinaca kale ee PCB -ga si loo yareeyo carqaladeynta wareegga. Waxaad moodaa in isbarbar -dhigyo carqalado leh oo leh qiyamyo kala -soocid oo kala duwan ay si isku mid ah ugu xiran yihiin, oo kan hadda jira ayaa si otomaatig ah u dooran doona dariiqa ugu horreeya ee ugu yar ee ka gudba.

Waxaad si dhab ah ugu xiri kartaa qeybta koontaroolka wareegga hal dhinac, oo waxaad ku dhejin kartaa naxaas barta “dhulka” dhinaca kale, oo labada dhinac ku xira dalool.

8. diode hagaajiyaha wax soo saarka

Haddii diode hagaajiyaha wax -soo -saarka uu ku dhow yahay wax -soo -saarka, waa in aan la barbar dhigin wax -soo -saarka. Haddii kale, beerta elektromagnetigga ee laga soo saaro diode -ga ayaa dhex geli doonta loop -ka ay sameeyeen korantada iyo culeyska dibedda, si buuqa wax -soo -saarka ee la cabbiray uu kordho.

FIG. 3 Meelaynta sax ah oo aan sax ahayn

9, silig dhulka,

Fiilooyinka fiilooyinka dhulka waa inay aad u taxaddaraan. Haddii kale, EMS, EMI iyo waxqabadka kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay xumaadaan. Beddelidda korontada PCB -ga “dhulka”, ugu yaraan labada qodob ee soo socda: (1) dhulka korontada iyo dhulka calaamadda, waa inay ahaataa isku -xidh hal dhibic; (2) Waa in aysan jirin wax dhulka dhulka ah.

10. Y capacitance

Soo -gelinta iyo soo -saarka badiyaa waxay ku xiran yihiin Y capacitor -ka, mararka qaarkood sababaha qaarkood awgood, waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan awoodin inay ku xirnaato dhulka korantada gelinta, xusuusnow waqtigan, waa inay ku xirnaataa meel aan joogto ahayn, sida terminal koronto oo sarreeya.

11, kale

Marka la naqshadeeynayo PCB -ga korontada dhabta ah, waxaa laga yaabaa inay jiraan arrimo kale oo la tixgeliyo, sida “varistor -ku waa inuu u dhow yahay wareegga la ilaaliyo”, “soo -kicinta habka caadiga ah si loo kordhiyo ilkaha dheecaanka ah”, kordhi capacitor -ka ”iyo wixii la mid ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, baahida loo qabo daaweyn gaar ah, sida bireedka naxaasta, gaashaanka, iwm, waa in sidoo kale lagu tixgeliyaa heerka naqshadeynta PCB.

Mararka qaarkood badanaa waxay la kulmaan dhowr mabda ‘oo iska hor imanaya, si loola kulmo midkoodna ma dabooli karo kan kale, tan ayaa ah baahida injineerada si ay u adeegsadaan khibradda jirta, iyadoo loo eegayo baahida mashruuca dhabta ah, go’aaminta xarigga ugu habboon!