Kapangidwe ka PCB bolodi

Komiti yoyang’anira dera yamakono imakhala ndi izi:

Dera ndi Pattern (Pattern): Derali limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida choyendetsera pakati pa zoyambira. M’mapangidwewo, mkuwa waukulu udzapangidwanso ngati maziko ndi mphamvu. Njira ndi zojambula zimapangidwa nthawi imodzi.

Dielectric wosanjikiza (Dielectric): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posunga kutsekereza pakati pa gawo lililonse ndi gawo lililonse, lomwe limadziwika kuti gawo lapansi.

Bowo (Kupyolera mu dzenje / kudzera): Kupyolera mu dzenje kumapangitsa kuti mizere yopitilira magawo awiri ilumikizane, yokulirapo pobowo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati plug-in, ndipo osadutsa dzenje (nPTH) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. monga pamwamba phiri Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zomangira pa msonkhano.

Solder resistant / Solder Mask: Sikuti zinthu zonse zamkuwa ziyenera kukhala za malata, kotero malo omwe si a malata adzasindikizidwa ndi zinthu zosanjikiza zomwe zimateteza mkuwa kuti usadye (nthawi zambiri epoxy resin), pewani maulendo afupi. pakati pa mabwalo opanda zitini. Malingana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, zimagawidwa kukhala mafuta obiriwira, mafuta ofiira ndi mafuta a buluu.

Chophimba cha silika (Nthano / Chizindikiro / Silika): Ichi ndi mawonekedwe osafunikira. Ntchito yayikulu ndikulemba dzina ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lililonse pa bolodi ladera, lomwe ndi losavuta kukonza ndikuzindikiritsa pambuyo pa msonkhano.

Pamapeto Pamwamba: Chifukwa chakuti mkuwa umapangidwa ndi okosijeni mosavuta m’malo ambiri, sungathe kutsekedwa (osasunthika bwino), kotero udzatetezedwa pamtunda wamkuwa womwe umayenera kutsekedwa. Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo HASL, ENIG, Immersion Silver, Immersion Tin, ndi Organic Solder Preservative (OSP). Njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake, zomwe zimatchulidwa pamodzi ngati chithandizo chapamwamba.

Zopindulitsa zazikulu kwa mainjiniya, pulogalamu yoyamba yowunikira ya PCB, dinani kuti mupeze kwaulere

PCB board makhalidwe akhoza kukhala mkulu osalimba. Kwa zaka zambiri, kachulukidwe kakang’ono ka matabwa osindikizidwa adatha kukula pamodzi ndi kukonzanso kwa kusakanikirana kwa dera lophatikizana komanso kupita patsogolo kwa teknoloji yokwera.

Kudalirika kwakukulu. Kupyolera mu kuwunika kotsatizana, kuyesedwa ndi kukalamba, PCB imatha kugwira ntchito modalirika kwa nthawi yayitali (nthawi zambiri zaka 20). Ikhoza kupangidwa. Pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana za PCB (zamagetsi, zakuthupi, zamankhwala, zamakina, ndi zina), kapangidwe ka bolodi kosindikizidwa kumatha kuzindikirika kudzera mumayendedwe okhazikika, kukhazikika, ndi zina zambiri, ndi nthawi yochepa komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri.

Producibility. Ndi kasamalidwe kamakono, zokhazikika, zowerengeka (zochulukira), zodziwikiratu ndi zopanga zina zitha kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika kwazinthu.

Testability. Njira yoyesera yokwanira, muyezo woyesera, zida zosiyanasiyana zoyesera ndi zida zakhazikitsidwa kuti zizindikire ndikuwunika kuyenerera ndi moyo wantchito wazinthu za PCB. Ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa. PCB mankhwala si yabwino kwa yokhazikika msonkhano wa zigawo zosiyanasiyana, komanso yodzichitira ndi yaikulu kupanga misa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, PCB ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamagulu amagulu akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuti apange zigawo zazikulu ndi machitidwe, mpaka makina. Popeza zinthu PCB ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana msonkhano chigawo anapangidwa ndi kupangidwa pamlingo waukulu, mbali zimenezi ndi standardized. Choncho, dongosolo likalephera, likhoza kusinthidwa mwamsanga, mosavuta komanso mosavuta, ndipo dongosololi likhoza kubwezeretsedwanso kuti ligwire ntchito. Inde, pangakhale zitsanzo zambiri. Monga miniaturization ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa dongosolo, ndi kufala kwa chizindikiro chothamanga kwambiri.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa bolodi la PCB ndi gawo lophatikizika?

Integrated Circuit Features

Mabwalo ophatikizika ali ndi maubwino ang’onoang’ono, kulemera kopepuka, mawaya otsogola ochepa ndi mfundo zogulitsira, moyo wautali, kudalirika kwakukulu, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ali ndi mtengo wotsika ndipo ndi osavuta kupanga zambiri. Sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’zida zamagetsi zamafakitale ndi anthu wamba monga zojambulira matepi, ma TV, makompyuta, ndi zina zotero, komanso m’magulu ankhondo, mauthenga, ndi maulamuliro akutali. Pogwiritsa ntchito mabwalo ophatikizika kuti asonkhanitse zida zamagetsi, kachulukidwe ka msonkhanowo utha kuonjezedwa kangapo mpaka masauzande kuposa ma transistors, ndipo nthawi yokhazikika yogwirira ntchito ya zidayo imathanso kuwongolera kwambiri.

Integrated Circuit Application Zitsanzo

Dera lophatikizika IC1 ndi 555 yoyendera nthawi, yomwe imalumikizidwa ngati gawo lokhazikika pano. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa palibe magetsi opangidwa pa P terminal ya touch pad, capacitor C1 imatulutsidwa kudzera mu pini ya 7 ya 555, kutulutsa kwa 3 pin kumakhala kochepa, KS yotumizira imatulutsidwa, ndipo kuwala sikumatuluka. kuyatsa.

Mukafuna kuyatsa nyali, gwirani chidutswa chachitsulo P ndi dzanja lanu, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi thupi la munthu imawonjezedwa kuchokera ku C2 kupita ku terminal ya 555, kotero kuti kutuluka kwa 555 kusintha kuchokera kumunsi kupita kumtunda. . KS yopatsirana imakokera mkati ndipo kuwala kumayatsa. Wowala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pini ya 7 ya 555 imadulidwa mkati, ndipo magetsi amapereka C1 kupyolera mu R1, yomwe ndi chiyambi cha nthawi.

Pamene voteji pa capacitor C1 ikwera kufika pa 2/3 ya magetsi opangira magetsi, pini ya 7 ya 555 imatsegulidwa kuti itulutse C1, kotero kuti kutulutsa kwa pini ya 3 kumasintha kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba mpaka kutsika, kubwezeretsanso kumatulutsidwa. , kuwala kumazima, ndipo nthawi imatha.

Kutalika kwa nthawi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi R1 ndi C1: T1=1.1R1*C1. Malinga ndi mtengo womwe walembedwa pachithunzichi, nthawi yowerengera ndi pafupifupi mphindi 4. D1 akhoza kusankha 1N4148 kapena 1N4001.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa bolodi la PCB ndi gawo lophatikizika?

Pozungulira chiwerengerocho, nthawi yoyambira 555 imalumikizidwa ngati gawo lokhazikika, ndipo ma frequency a pini 3 ndi 20KHz, ndipo chiŵerengero cha ntchito ndi 1: 1 square wave. Pini 3 ikakwera, C4 imayimbidwa; pamene otsika, C3 ndi mlandu. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa VD1 ndi VD2, C3 ndi C4 zimangoperekedwa koma sizimatulutsidwa m’derali, ndipo mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi EC. Lumikizani B terminal mpaka pansi, ndipo +/-EC yapawiri yamagetsi imapezeka kumapeto kwa A ndi C. Kutulutsa kwanthawi yayitali kwa derali kumaposa 50mA.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa bolodi la PCB ndi gawo lophatikizika?

Kusiyana pakati pa bolodi la PCB ndi dera lophatikizika. Dera lophatikizika nthawi zambiri limatanthawuza kuphatikizika kwa tchipisi, monga chip cha Northbridge pa bolodi la amayi, mkati mwa CPU amatchedwa “Integrated circuit”, ndipo dzina loyambirira limatchedwanso Integrated block. Ndipo dera losindikizidwa limatanthawuza bolodi la dera lomwe timaliwona nthawi zambiri, komanso kusindikiza tchipisi ta solder pa bolodi ladera.

Integrated dera (IC) ndi soldered pa bolodi PCB; bolodi la PCB ndiye chonyamulira chozungulira chophatikizika (IC). Gulu la PCB ndi bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB). Mabokosi osindikizira amawonekera pafupifupi pazida zilizonse zamagetsi. Ngati pazida zinazake muli zida zamagetsi, matabwa osindikizira amaikidwa pa PCB za makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa kukonza zigawo zing’onozing’ono zosiyanasiyana, ntchito yaikulu ya bolodi yosindikizidwa yosindikizira ndikugwirizanitsa ndi magetsi kumtunda kwa wina ndi mzake.

Mwachidule, dera lophatikizika limaphatikiza gawo lazolinga zonse kukhala chip. Ndi zonse. Kamodzi kuonongeka mkati, Chip komanso kuonongeka, ndi PCB akhoza solder zigawo zikuluzikulu palokha, ndi m’malo zigawo zikuluzikulu ngati wosweka.