Ukwakheka kwe- PCB ibhodi

Ibhodi lesekethe lamanje liqukethe lokhu okulandelayo:

Isekhethi kanye nephethini (Iphethini): Isekhethi isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuqhuba phakathi kwezangempela. Emklamo, indawo enkulu yethusi izophinde iklanywe njengesisekelo kanye nongqimba lwamandla. Umzila nomdwebo wenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Isendlalelo se-Dielectric (Dielectric): Isetshenziselwa ukugcina ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwesekethe nongqimba ngalunye, oluvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-substrate.

Imbobo (Ngembobo / nge): Imbobo edlulayo ingenza imigqa yamaleveli angaphezu kwamabili ixhumeke komunye nomunye, imbobo enkulu edlulayo isetshenziswa njengengxenye yokuxhuma, kanti imbobo engadluli (nPTH) ivamise ukusetshenziswa. njengentaba engaphezulu Isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izikulufa ngesikhathi sokuhlangana.

I-Solder resistant/Solder Mask: Akuzona zonke izindawo zethusi ezidinga ukuba zibe izingxenye ze-tin-on, ngakho-ke indawo engeyona i-tin izophrintwa ngongqimba lwento evikela ubuso bethusi ekudleni (imvamisa i-epoxy resin), gwema amasekhethi amafushane. phakathi kwamasekhethi angafakwanga. Ngokwezinqubo ezahlukene, ihlukaniswe ngamafutha aluhlaza, amafutha abomvu namafutha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Isikrini sikasilika (Isikrini se-Legend / Marking/Silk): Lesi isakhiwo esingabalulekile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukumaka igama kanye nohlaka lwesikhundla sengxenye ngayinye ebhodini lesifunda, elilungele ukulungiswa nokuhlonza ngemva komhlangano.

I-Surface Finish: Ngenxa yokuthi indawo yethusi i-oxidized kalula endaweni evamile, ayikwazi ukuthayela (i-solderability empofu), ngakho izovikelwa endaweni yethusi edinga ukuthayinwa. Izindlela zokuvikela zifaka i-HASL, i-ENIG, i-Immersion Silver, i-Immersion Tin, kanye ne-Organic Solder Preservative (OSP). Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, okubizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwendawo.

Izinzuzo ezinkulu zonjiniyela, isoftware yokuqala yokuhlaziya ye-PCB, chofoza ukuze uyithole mahhala

Izici zebhodi le-PCB zingaba ukuminyana okuphezulu. Emashumini eminyaka, ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamabhodi aphrintiwe kuye kwakwazi ukuthuthuka kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwesekethe edidiyelwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhuphuka.

Ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Ngochungechunge lokuhlola, izivivinyo nokuhlolwa kokuguga, i-PCB ingasebenza ngokwethembeka isikhathi eside (imvamisa iminyaka engama-20). Ingaklanywa. Ngezidingo ezehlukene zokusebenza kwe-PCB (ezogesi, ezomzimba, zamakhemikhali, ezomshini, njll.), ukwakheka kwebhodi eliphrintiwe kungenziwa ngokumiswa komklamo, ukumiswa, njll., ngesikhathi esifushane nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

Ukukhiqiza. Ngokuphathwa kwesimanje, ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile, okukaliwe (ubuningi), okuzenzakalelayo nokunye ukukhiqizwa kungenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Testability. Indlela yokuhlola ephelele uma kuqhathaniswa, izinga lokuhlola, amathuluzi okuhlola ahlukahlukene namathuluzi asesunguliwe ukuze kutholwe futhi kuhlolwe ukufaneleka nempilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo ye-PCB. Ingahlanganiswa. Imikhiqizo ye-PCB ayilungele kuphela ukuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi nokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo nokukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-PCB kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlangano wezingxenye zingahlanganiswa ukuze zakhe izingxenye ezinkulu nezinhlelo, kuze kufike ekupheleleni komshini.ukugcina. Njengoba imikhiqizo ye-PCB nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlangano wengxenye yakhelwe futhi yakhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu, lezi zingxenye nazo ziyamiswa. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlelo luhluleka, lungashintshwa ngokushesha, kalula futhi ngokuguquguqukayo, futhi uhlelo lungabuyiselwa ngokushesha ukuze lusebenze. Yebo, kungaba nezibonelo ezengeziwe. Okufana ne-miniaturization kanye nokunciphisa isisindo sohlelo, nokudluliswa kwesignali ngesivinini esikhulu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebhodi le-PCB nesekethe ehlanganisiwe?

Izici Zesekethe Edidiyelwe

Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe anezinzuzo zosayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, izintambo ezimbalwa zokuhola kanye namaphoyinti okunamathisela, impilo ende, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, nokusebenza kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, banezindleko eziphansi futhi zilungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Ayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi zezimboni nezabantu nje kuphela njengeziqophamazwi, omabonakude, amakhompyutha, njll., kodwa nakwezempi, ezokuxhumana, nasekulawuleni okude. Ngokusebenzisa amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinto zikagesi, ukuminyana komhlangano kungandiswa izikhathi ezingamashumi amaningana ukuya ezinkulungwaneni kunalezo zama-transistors, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza esizinzile sezinto zokusebenza singathuthukiswa kakhulu.

Izibonelo Zohlelo Lokusebenza Lwesekethe Edidiyelwe

Isekethe ehlanganisiwe ye-IC1 iyisekhethi yesikhathi engu-555, exhunywe njengesekethe engaguquki lapha. Imvamisa, ngenxa yokuthi ayikho i-voltage eyenziwe ku-P terminal ye-touch pad, i-capacitor C1 ikhishwa ngephinikhodi yesi-7 ye-555, ukuphuma kwephinikhodi yesi-3 kuphansi, i-relay KS iyakhululwa, futhi ukukhanya akukwenzi. Khanyisa.

Uma udinga ukukhanya, thinta ucezu lwensimbi u-P ngesandla sakho, bese i-voltage yesignali ye-clutter ebangelwa umzimba womuntu yengezwa isuka ku-C2 iye ku-trigger terminal engu-555, ukuze okukhiphayo kuka-555 kushintshe kusuka phansi kuye phezulu. . I-relay KS iyadonsa futhi ukukhanya kuyakhanya. Okugqamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphinikhodi yesi-7 ye-555 inqanyuliwe ngaphakathi, futhi amandla okunikezwa kwamandla ashaja i-C1 nge-R1, okuyisiqalo sesikhathi.

Lapho i-voltage ku-capacitor C1 ikhuphukela ku-2/3 we-voltage yokuphakelwa kwamandla, iphinikhodi yesi-7 ka-555 ivuliwe ukuze ikhiphe i-C1, ukuze ukukhishwa kwephini le-3 kushintshe kusuka ezingeni eliphezulu kuya ezingeni eliphansi, i-relay iyakhululwa. , ukukhanya kuyacima, futhi isikhathi siyaphela.

Ubude besikhathi bunqunywa ngu-R1 kanye no-C1: T1=1.1R1*C1. Ngokwenani elimakwe esithombeni, isikhathi sesikhathi singamaminithi angu-4. I-D1 ingakhetha i-1N4148 noma i-1N4001.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebhodi le-PCB nesekethe ehlanganisiwe?

Kumjikelezo wesibalo, isekethe yesisekelo sesikhathi esingu-555 ixhunywe njengesekhethi eqinile, futhi imvamisa yokuphuma kwephinikhodi 3 ngu-20KHz, futhi isilinganiso somsebenzi siyisikwele samagagasi angu-1:1. Uma i-pin 3 iphezulu, i-C4 ikhokhiswa; uma iphansi, i-C3 iyakhokhiswa. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-VD1 ne-VD2, i-C3 ne-C4 zikhokhiswa kuphela kodwa azikhishelwa kusekethe, futhi inani eliphezulu lokushaja yi-EC. Xhuma itheminali engu-B emhlabathini, futhi i-+/-EC kagesi embaxambili itholakala kuzo zombili iziphetho zika-A no-C. Umphumela wamanje wale sekethi udlula u-50mA.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebhodi le-PCB nesekethe ehlanganisiwe?

Umehluko phakathi kwebhodi le-PCB nesekethe edidiyelwe. Isekhethi ehlanganisiwe ngokuvamile ibhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kwama-chips, njenge-Northbridge chip ebhodini lomama, ingaphakathi le-CPU libizwa ngokuthi i-integrated circuit, futhi igama langempela libizwa nangokuthi i-integrated block. Futhi isifunda esiphrintiwe sibhekisela ebhodini lesifunda esivame ukulibona, kanye nokunyathelisa ama-solder chips ebhodini lesifunda.

Isekethe ehlanganisiwe (IC) idayiswa ebhodini le-PCB; ibhodi le-PCB lingumthwali wesekethe edidiyelwe (IC). Ibhodi le-PCB liyibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (PCB). Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe avela cishe kuzo zonke izisetshenziswa zikagesi. Uma kunezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ocingweni oluthile, amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe wonke afakwa kuma-PCB anosayizi abahlukene. Ngaphezu kokulungisa izingxenye ezincane ezihlukahlukene, umsebenzi oyinhloko webhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe ukuxhuma ngogesi izingxenye ezingenhla komunye nomunye.

Kalula nje, isifunda esihlanganisiwe sihlanganisa isifunda senhloso evamile sibe yi-chip. Kuphelele. Uma ilimele ngaphakathi, i-chip nayo ilimele, futhi i-PCB ingakwazi ukuthengisa izingxenye ngokwayo, futhi ibuyisele izingxenye uma iphukile.