Pamapangidwe akusintha magetsi, mawonekedwe akuthupi a PCB bolodi ndiye ulalo womaliza. Ngati njira yopangirayo ili yosayenera, PCB imatha kuwunikira kwambiri kusokoneza kwamagetsi ndikupangitsa kuti magetsi azigwira ntchito mosakhazikika. Zotsatirazi ndi zomwe zikufunika kuwunikira pagawo lililonse:

Mapangidwe amachokera ku schematic kupita ku PCB

Kukhazikitsa magawo a zigawo-“input principle netlist-“design parameter settings -” manual layout-“manual wiring-“verification design -” review-“CAM output.

Kapangidwe kazinthu

Zochita zatsimikizira kuti ngakhale mawonekedwe a schematic a dera ndi olondola ndipo bolodi losindikizidwa silinapangidwe bwino, lidzasokoneza kudalirika kwa zipangizo zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mizere iwiri yopyapyala yofananira ya bolodi yosindikizidwa ili pafupi, izi zipangitsa kuchedwa kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa chizindikiro ndi phokoso lowonetsera kumapeto kwa chingwe chotumizira; kusokoneza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kulingalira kosayenera kwa magetsi ndi mzere wapansi kumapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa awonongeke. Kuchitako kumachepetsedwa, kotero popanga bolodi losindikizidwa, kuyenera kulipidwa pakutengera njira yoyenera. Mphamvu iliyonse yosinthira ili ndi malupu anayi apano:

(1) Mphamvu yosinthira AC dera

(2) chowongolera chowongolera cha AC

(3) Lowetsani gwero lachizindikiro chamakono

(4) zotulutsa zotulutsa zomwe zilipo tsopano

Capacitor yolowera imayendetsedwa ndi pafupifupi DC yapano. The fyuluta capacitor makamaka amachita monga burodibandi mphamvu yosungirako; mofananamo, chotulutsa fyuluta capacitor chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusunga mphamvu yafupipafupi kuchokera ku rectifier yotulutsa ndikuchotsa mphamvu ya DC ya loop yotulutsa katundu. Chifukwa chake, ma terminals a zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa zosefera ndizofunika kwambiri. Kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa mabwalo apano akuyenera kulumikizidwa ndi magetsi kuchokera ku ma terminals a fyuluta capacitor motsatana; ngati kugwirizana pakati pa gawo lolowera / kutulutsa ndi mphamvu yosinthira / rectifier dera silingagwirizane ndi capacitor Malo ogwiritsira ntchito amalumikizidwa mwachindunji, ndipo mphamvu ya AC idzawululidwa mu chilengedwe ndi cholowetsa kapena chotulutsa fyuluta capacitor.

Dongosolo la AC la chosinthira magetsi ndi AC yozungulira ya rectifier imakhala ndi mafunde amplitude trapezoidal. Zigawo za harmonic za mafundewa ndizokwera kwambiri. Ma frequency ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa ma frequency a switch. Kukula kwapamwamba kumatha kukhala kokwezeka kuwirikiza ka 5 kuchuluka kwa kulowetsa kosalekeza / zotulutsa za DC zapano. Nthawi yosinthira nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 50 ns.

Malupu awiriwa ndi omwe amakonda kusokoneza ma electromagnetic, kotero malupu a AC awa ayenera kuyalidwa pamaso pa mizere ina yosindikizidwa mumagetsi. Zigawo zitatu zazikulu za lupu lililonse ndi zosefera ma capacitor, zosinthira mphamvu kapena zosinthira, ma inductors kapena ma transfoma. Ikani izo pafupi ndi wina ndi mzake ndikusintha malo a zigawozo kuti njira yamakono pakati pawo ikhale yochepa momwe mungathere. Njira yabwino yokhazikitsira masinthidwe amagetsi osinthira ndikufanana ndi kapangidwe kake kamagetsi. Njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira izi ndi iyi:

ikani thiransifoma

design power switch loop panopa

Design linanena bungwe rectifier panopa loop

Control circuit yolumikizidwa ndi AC power circuit

Konzani zolowetsa zomwe zilipo panopa ndi zosefera zolowetsa. Pangani zotulutsa zotulutsa ndi fyuluta yotulutsa molingana ndi gawo logwira ntchito la dera. Poika zigawo zonse za dera, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:

(1) Choyamba, ganizirani kukula kwa PC B. Pamene kukula kwa PC B kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, mizere yosindikizidwa idzakhala yaitali, kusokoneza kudzawonjezeka, mphamvu yotsutsa phokoso idzachepa, ndipo mtengo udzawonjezeka; ngati kukula kwa PC B kuli kochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwa kutentha sikungakhale bwino, ndipo mizere yoyandikana nayo idzasokonezeka mosavuta. Maonekedwe abwino kwambiri a bolodi lozungulira ndi amakona anayi, mawonekedwe ake ndi 3: 2 kapena 4: 3, ndipo zigawo zomwe zili m’mphepete mwa bolodi lozungulira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosachepera 2mm kuchokera m’mphepete mwa bolodi.

(2) Poyika chipangizocho, ganizirani za soldering yotsatira, osati yochuluka kwambiri.

(3) Tengani gawo lalikulu la gawo lililonse logwira ntchito ngati likulu ndikuyala mozungulira. Zigawozi ziyenera kukhala zofanana, zokonzedwa bwino komanso zokonzedwa bwino pa PC B, kuchepetsa ndi kufupikitsa kutsogolera ndi kugwirizana pakati pa zigawozo, ndipo decoupling capacitor iyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi VCC ya chipangizocho.

(4) Kwa mabwalo omwe amagwira ntchito pamtunda wapamwamba, magawo omwe amagawidwa pakati pa zigawo ayenera kuganiziridwa. Kawirikawiri, dera liyenera kukonzedwa mofanana momwe zingathere. Mwa njira iyi, si zokongola zokha, komanso zosavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kuwotcherera, komanso zosavuta kupanga misa.

(5) Konzani malo a gawo lililonse logwira ntchito molingana ndi kayendedwe ka dera, kuti masanjidwewo akhale osavuta kuti ziziyenda bwino, ndipo chizindikirocho chimasungidwa chimodzimodzi momwe mungathere.

(6) Mfundo yoyamba ya masanjidwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mawaya, kulabadira kulumikizana kwa mayendedwe owuluka posuntha chipangizocho, ndikuyika zida zolumikizidwa pamodzi.

(7) Chepetsani malo ozungulira momwe mungathere kuti mutseke kusokoneza kwa radiation yamagetsi osinthira.

makonda a parameter

Mtunda pakati pa mawaya oyandikana nawo uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo chamagetsi, ndipo kuti athe kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kupanga, mtunda uyenera kukhala wotakata momwe ungathere. Kutalikirana kocheperako kuyenera kukhala koyenera kuti voteji ikhale yovomerezeka. Pamene kachulukidwe ka mawaya ali otsika, mipata ya mizere yolumikizira imatha kukulitsidwa moyenera. Kwa mizere yolumikizira yomwe ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa milingo yokwera ndi yotsika, masinthidwe azikhala aafupi momwe angathere ndipo masitayilo awonjezeke. Khazikitsani mtunda wotsatira mpaka 8mil.

Mtunda wochokera pamphepete mwa dzenje lamkati la pad mpaka pamphepete mwa bolodi losindikizidwa liyenera kukhala lalikulu kuposa 1mm, kuti mupewe zolakwika za pedi panthawi yokonza. Pamene zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapepala zimakhala zopyapyala, kugwirizana pakati pa mapepala ndi zizindikiro ziyenera kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a dontho. Ubwino wa izi ndikuti mapadi sali osavuta kusenda, koma zowunikira ndi mapadi sizimalumikizidwa mosavuta.

Kuthamanga

Mphamvu yosinthira imakhala ndi ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri. Mzere uliwonse wosindikizidwa pa PC B ukhoza kugwira ntchito ngati mlongoti. Kutalika ndi m’lifupi mwa mzere wosindikizidwa zidzakhudza impedance yake ndi inductance, motero zimakhudza kuyankha pafupipafupi. Ngakhale mizere yosindikizidwa yomwe imadutsa ma siginecha a DC imatha kulumikizana ndi ma siginecha a wailesi kuchokera ku mizere yosindikizidwa yoyandikana ndikuyambitsa mavuto ozungulira (komanso kuwunikiranso zosokoneza). Choncho, mizere yonse yosindikizidwa yomwe imadutsa AC panopa iyenera kupangidwa kuti ikhale yaifupi komanso yayikulu momwe zingathere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zigawo zonse zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mizere yosindikizidwa ndi mizere ina yamagetsi iyenera kuikidwa pafupi kwambiri.

Kutalika kwa mzere wosindikizidwa ndi wofanana ndi inductance ndi impedance yomwe ikuwonetsera, pamene m’lifupi mwake ndi mosagwirizana ndi inductance ndi impedance ya mzere wosindikizidwa. Utali wake umasonyeza kutalika kwa yankho la mzere wosindikizidwa. Kutalika kwautali, kumachepetsanso mafupipafupi omwe mzere wosindikizidwa umatha kutumiza ndi kulandira mafunde a electromagnetic, ndipo umatha kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri zawayilesi. Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika pa bolodi losindikizidwa, yesetsani kuonjezera m’lifupi mwa chingwe chamagetsi kuti muchepetse kukana kwa kuzungulira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pangani mayendedwe a mzere wamagetsi ndi mzere wapansi kuti ukhale wogwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika panopa, zomwe zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zotsutsana ndi phokoso. Kuyika pansi ndi nthambi yapansi ya malupu anayi apano a magetsi osinthira. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati malo odziwika bwino a dera. Ndi njira yofunika yoletsera kusokoneza.

Choncho, kuyika kwa waya wapansi kuyenera kuganiziridwa mozama pamakonzedwe. Kusakaniza maziko osiyanasiyana kungayambitse kusakhazikika kwa magetsi.

Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa pakupanga waya wapansi:

1. Sankhani moyenerera maziko a mfundo imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, cholumikizira wamba cha fyuluta capacitor chiyenera kukhala polumikizira polumikizira malo ena oyambira ku AC ground laposachedwa. Iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi malo oyambira a msinkhu uwu, makamaka poganizira kuti zomwe zikuyenda kubwerera pansi pa gawo lililonse la dera zimasinthidwa. Kutsekedwa kwa mzere weniweni wothamanga kudzachititsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya pansi pa gawo lililonse la dera ndikuyambitsa kusokoneza. Mumagetsi osinthika awa, ma wiring ake ndi inductance pakati pa zipangizo alibe mphamvu zochepa, ndipo kuyendayenda komwe kumapangidwa ndi dera lokhazikitsira pansi kumakhudza kwambiri kusokoneza. Kulumikizidwa ndi pini yapansi, mawaya apansi a zigawo zingapo za chowongolera chamakono cholumikizira amalumikizidwanso ndi zikhomo zapansi za ma capacitor ofananirako, kotero kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso sizosavuta kudzisangalatsa. Lumikizani ma diode awiri kapena chopinga chaching’ono, kwenikweni, chimatha kulumikizidwa ndi chojambula chokhazikika chamkuwa.

2. Mangani mawaya apansi momwe mungathere. Ngati waya wapansi ndi woonda kwambiri, mphamvu ya pansi idzasintha ndi kusintha kwamakono, zomwe zidzapangitse kuti chizindikiro cha nthawi ya zipangizo zamagetsi chisasunthike, ndipo ntchito yotsutsana ndi phokoso idzawonongeka. Choncho, m’pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti lalikulu lililonse panopa poyambira terminal Gwiritsani ntchito mawaya osindikizidwa kukhala aafupi komanso otambalala momwe mungathere, ndikukulitsa kukula kwa mphamvu ndi mawaya apansi momwe mungathere. Ndi bwino kupanga mawaya apansi kukhala otakata kuposa mawaya amagetsi. Ubale wawo ndi: waya pansi “waya mphamvu” chizindikiro waya. M’lifupi mwake ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 3mm, ndipo dera lalikulu la mkuwa wosanjikiza lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati waya pansi, ndipo malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bolodi losindikizidwa amalumikizidwa pansi ngati waya wapansi. Pochita ma waya padziko lonse lapansi, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyeneranso kutsatiridwa:

(1) Kuwongolera kwa waya: Kuchokera pamalingaliro amtundu wa soldering, makonzedwe a zigawozo ayenera kukhala ogwirizana momwe angathere ndi chithunzi chojambula. Kuwongolera kwa mawaya ndikwabwino kuti kukhale kogwirizana ndi njira yolumikizira mawaya azithunzi zozungulira, chifukwa magawo osiyanasiyana amafunikira pazitsulo za soldering panthawi yopanga. Kuyang’anira, kotero izi ndizoyenera kuyang’anira, kukonza zolakwika ndi kukonzanso popanga (Zindikirani: amatanthauza kukumana ndi magwiridwe antchito adera komanso zofunikira pakuyika makina onse ndi masanjidwe amagulu).

(2) Popanga chithunzi cha mawaya, mawaya sayenera kupindika momwe angathere, ndipo m’lifupi mwake mzere wa arc wosindikizidwa sayenera kusintha mwadzidzidzi. Ngodya ya waya iyenera kukhala ≥90 madigiri, ndipo mizere ikhale yosavuta komanso yomveka bwino.

(3) Zozungulira zodutsa siziloledwa mumayendedwe osindikizidwa. Pa mizere yomwe ingadutse, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito “kubowola” ndi “kupiringa” kuthetsa vutoli. Ndiko kuti, lolani chotsogolera china “kubowola” kudutsa mpata pansi pa zopinga zina, ma capacitor, ndi ma triode pins, kapena “mphepo” kumapeto kwa chiwongolero china chomwe chingadutse. Muzochitika zapadera, momwe dera limakhalira lovuta, limaloledwanso kuti likhale losavuta kupanga. Gwiritsani ntchito mawaya kuti mutseke kuti muthetse vuto lozungulira. Chifukwa cha bolodi lokhala ndi mbali imodzi, zigawo za mumzere zili pamwamba pa p pamwamba ndipo zipangizo zokwera pamwamba zimakhala pansi. Chifukwa chake, zida zapamzere zimatha kuphatikizika ndi zida zokwera pamwamba pamasanjidwe, koma kupindika kwa mapadi kuyenera kupewedwa.

3. Malo olowetsa ndi malo opangira magetsi osinthika awa ndi DC-DC yotsika kwambiri. Kudyetsa voteji linanena bungwe kubwerera pulayimale cha thiransifoma, madera mbali zonse ayenera kukhala wamba Buku pansi, kotero pambuyo kuyala mkuwa pansi mawaya mbali zonse, Iwo ayenera olumikizidwa pamodzi kuti apange maziko ofanana.

mayeso

Pambuyo pomaliza kupanga ma waya, ndikofunikira kuyang’anitsitsa ngati mawonekedwe a waya akugwirizana ndi malamulo omwe amapanga, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira ngati malamulo okhazikitsidwa amakwaniritsa zofunikira za ndondomeko yosindikizira yopanga bolodi. . Kawirikawiri, yang’anani mizere ndi mizere, mizere ndi mapepala a zigawo, ndi mizere. Kaya mtunda kuchokera kumabowo, mapepala a zigawo ndi mabowo, kudutsa mabowo ndi mabowo ndi oyenera, komanso ngati akukwaniritsa zofunikira zopanga. Kaya m’lifupi mwa chingwe chamagetsi ndi mzere wapansi ndi woyenerera, komanso ngati pali malo owonjezera mzere wapansi mu PCB. Chidziwitso: Zolakwa zina zitha kunyalanyazidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene gawo la ndondomeko ya zolumikizira zina zayikidwa kunja kwa bolodi, zolakwika zidzachitika poyang’ana malo; Komanso, nthawi iliyonse mawaya ndi vias kusinthidwa, mkuwa ayenera kachiwiri TACHIMATA.