Ekwakheni ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi, idizayini ebonakalayo ye PCB ibhodi iyisixhumanisi sokugcina. Uma indlela yokuklama ingalungile, i-PCB ingase ikhiphe ukuphazamiseka kozibuthe kagesi okuningi futhi ibangele ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kusebenze ngokungazinzi. Okulandelayo yizinto ezidinga ukunakwa esinyathelweni ngasinye sokuhlaziya:

Ukugeleza komklamo kusuka kuhlelo kuye ku-PCB

Isungula amapharamitha engxenye-“input principle netlist-“design parameter settings -” manual layout-“wiring manual-“verification design -” review-“CAM output.

Isakhiwo sesakhi

Ukuzijwayeza kuye kwafakazela ukuthi noma ngabe umklamo wohlelo lwesifunda ulungile futhi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe lingaklanyelwe kahle, lizophazamisa ukwethembeka kwemishini kagesi. Isibonelo, uma imigqa emibili emincane ehambisanayo yebhodi eliphrintiwe isondelene ndawonye, ​​izobangela ukubambezeleka kwe-waveform yesignali kanye nomsindo wokubonisa ekupheleni komugqa wokudlulisela; ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukucatshangelwa okungalungile kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nentambo yaphansi kuzodala ukuthi umkhiqizo wonakaliswe. Ukusebenza kuncishisiwe, ngakho-ke lapho uklama ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, kufanele kuqashelwe ukwamukela indlela efanele. Ukushintshanisa ngakunye kukagesi kunamaluphu amane amanje:

(1) Isekhethi ye-AC yokushintsha amandla

(2) isekethe ye-AC yokulungisa okukhiphayo

(3) Iluphu yamanje yomthombo wesignali wokufaka

(4) okukhiphayo layisha iluphu yokufaka yeluphu yamanje

I-capacitor yokufaka ishajwa cishe i-DC yamanje. I-capacitor yokuhlunga isebenza ngokuyinhloko njengendawo yokugcina amandla e-broadband; ngokufanayo, i-capacitor yesihlungi okukhiphayo iphinde isetshenziselwe ukugcina amandla emvamisa ephezulu asuka kusilungisi okukhiphayo futhi isuse amandla e-DC weluphu yokulayisha okukhiphayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-terminals we-input and output filter capacitors abaluleke kakhulu. Amasekhethi wamanje okokufaka nokukhiphayo kufanele axhunywe kuphela kumandla kagesi avela kumatheminali e-capacitor yesihlungi ngokulandelana kwawo; uma uxhumano phakathi komjikelezo wokufaka / okukhiphayo kanye nesekethe yokushintsha amandla / i-rectifier ayikwazi ukuxhunywa ku-capacitor I-terminal ixhunywe ngokuqondile, futhi amandla e-AC azokhishwa endaweni nge-input noma i-output filter capacitor.

Isekethe ye-AC yokushintshwa kwamandla kanye nesekhethi ye-AC yesilungisi iqukethe amaza e-trapezoidal e-amplitude ephezulu. Izingxenye ze-harmonic zale misinga ziphezulu kakhulu. Ifrikhwensi inkulu kakhulu kunemvamisa eyisisekelo yokushintsha. I-amplitude yesiqongo ingaba phezulu ngokuphindwe ka-5 kobukhulu bokufakwayo okuqhubekayo/okuphumayo kwe-DC yamanje. Isikhathi soshintsho sivamise ukuthi Cishe ama-50 ns.

Lawa maluphu amabili ajwayele ukuphazamiseka kagesi, ngakho-ke lawa maluphu e-AC kufanele abekwe ngaphambi kweminye imigqa ephrintiwe endaweni yamandla. Izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zeluphu ngayinye ama-filter capacitor, ama-switch power noma ama-rectifiers, ama-inductors noma ama-transformer. Zibeke eduze komunye nomunye futhi ulungise isikhundla sezingxenye ukuze wenze indlela yamanje phakathi kwazo ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokusungula i-switching power supply layout ifana nomklamo wayo kagesi. Inqubo yokuklama engcono kakhulu imi kanje:

beka i-transformer

idizayini yokushintsha amandla iluphu yamanje

Iluphu yamanje yesilungisi okukhiphayo

Isekhethi yokulawula exhunywe kumjikelezo wamandla we-AC

Dizayina iluphu yomthombo yamanje yokufaka nesihlungi sokufaka. Dizayina iluphu yomthwalo ophumayo nesihlungi sokuphumayo ngokuya ngeyunithi yokusebenza yesekethe. Lapho ubeka zonke izingxenye zesekethe, le migomo elandelayo kufanele ihlangatshezwe:

(1) Okokuqala, cabangela ubukhulu be-PC B. Uma usayizi we-PC B mkhulu kakhulu, imigqa ephrintiwe izoba yinde, i-impedance izokwanda, ikhono lokulwa nomsindo lizokwehla, futhi izindleko zizokhula; uma usayizi we-PC B mncane kakhulu, ukuchithwa kokushisa ngeke kube kuhle, futhi imigqa eseduze izophazamiseka kalula. Isimo esihle kakhulu sebhodi lesifunda singunxande, isilinganiso se-aspect ratio singu-3: 2 noma 4: 3, futhi izingxenye ezitholakala emaphethelweni ebhodi lesifunda ngokuvamile azikho ngaphansi kuka-2mm kusukela emaphethelweni ebhodi lesifunda.

(2) Lapho ubeka idivayisi, cabangela ukunamathisela okulandelayo, hhayi okuminyene kakhulu.

(3) Thatha ingxenye ewumnyombo yesekethe ngayinye esebenzayo njengesikhungo bese uyibeka ngokuzungezile. Izingxenye kufanele zibe ngokulinganayo, ngobunono futhi zihleleke kahle ku-PC B, zinciphise futhi zifinyeze umkhondo nokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye, futhi i-decoupling capacitor kufanele ibe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka ku-VCC yocingo.

(4) Kumasekhethi asebenza kumafrikhwensi aphezulu, imingcele esabalalisiwe phakathi kwezingxenye kufanele icatshangelwe. Ngokuvamile, isifunda kufanele sihlelwe ngokuhambisana ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, akuyona nje enhle kuphela, kodwa futhi kulula ukuyifaka nokushisela, futhi kulula ukuyikhiqiza ngobuningi.

(5) Hlela isikhundla seyunithi ngayinye yesifunda esisebenza ngokuhambisana nokugeleza kwesifunda, ukuze ukwakheka kube lula ukujikeleza kwesignali, futhi isignali igcinwe ngendlela efanayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

(6) Isimiso sokuqala sokuhlela ukuqinisekisa izinga lezintambo, qaphela ukuxhunywa kwemikhondo endizayo lapho uhambisa idivayisi, futhi uhlanganise amadivaysi axhunyiwe.

(7) Nciphisa indawo eyiluphu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ucindezele ukuphazamiseka kwemisebe yokushintsha kwamandla kagesi.

izilungiselelo zepharamitha

Ibanga phakathi kwezintambo eziseduze kufanele likwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha zikagesi, futhi ukuze kube lula ukusebenza nokukhiqiza, ibanga kufanele libe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhala esincane kufanele okungenani sifanelekele amandla kagesi. Uma ukuminyana kwezintambo kuphansi, ukuhlukana kwemigqa yesignali kungandiswa ngokufanelekile. Olayini besignali abanegebe elikhulu phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu naphansi, isikhala kufanele sibe sifushane ngangokunokwenzeka futhi isikhala kufanele sande. Setha isikhala sokulandelela sibe ngu-8mil.

Ibanga elisuka emaphethelweni omgodi wangaphakathi wephedi kuya emaphethelweni ebhodi eliphrintiwe kufanele libe likhulu kuno-1mm, ukuze ugweme ukukhubazeka kwephedi ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Lapho imikhondo exhunywe kuma-pads incane, ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-pads kanye nemikhondo kufanele kuklanywe ngendlela yokudonsa. Inzuzo yalokhu ukuthi ama-pads akulula ukuwahlanza, kodwa ama-trace nama-pads akunqamuki kalula.

wiring

Ugesi oshintshayo uqukethe amasiginali wefrikhwensi ephezulu. Noma yimuphi umugqa ophrintiwe ku-PC B ungasebenza njengothi. Ubude nobubanzi bomugqa ophrintiwe buzothinta i-impedance kanye ne-inductance, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte impendulo yemvamisa. Ngisho nemigqa ephrintiwe edlula amasignali e-DC ingabhangqa kumasiginali wefrikhwensi yomsakazo emigqeni ephrintiwe eseduze futhi ibangele izinkinga zokujikeleza (futhi iphinde ikhiphe amasignali aphazamisayo futhi). Ngakho-ke, yonke imigqa ephrintiwe edlula i-AC current kufanele yakhelwe ukuthi ibe mfushane futhi ibe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka, okusho ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezixhunywe emigqeni ephrintiwe kanye nezinye izintambo zikagesi kumele zibekwe eduze kakhulu.

Ubude bomugqa ophrintiwe bulingana ne-inductance kanye ne-impedance ewubonisayo, kuyilapho ububanzi buhambisana ngokuphambene ne-inductance kanye nokuvinjelwa komugqa ophrintiwe. Ubude bubonisa ubude bewaveli bempendulo yomugqa ophrintiwe. Uma ubude bubude, buyancipha i-frequency lapho ulayini ophrintiwe ungathumela futhi wamukele amaza kagesi, futhi ungakhipha amandla efrikhwensi yomsakazo. Ngokusho kwamanje kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, zama ukwandisa ububanzi bomugqa wamandla ukuze unciphise ukumelana kwe-loop. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yenza isiqondiso solayini wamandla kanye nentambo yaphansi ihambisane nesiqondiso samanje, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nomsindo. Ukubeka phansi igatsha elingezansi lamalophu amane amanje okunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha. Idlala indima ebalulekile njengendawo eyinkomba evamile yesekethe. Kuyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula ukuphazamiseka.

Ngakho-ke, ukubekwa kocingo oluphansi kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela ekuhleleni. Ukuxuba ama-groundings ahlukahlukene kuzodala ukungazinzi kwamandla kagesi.

Amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele anakwe ekwakhiweni kocingo oluphansi:

1. Khetha kahle isisekelo sephuzu elilodwa. Ngokuvamile, itheminali evamile ye-capacitor yesihlungi kufanele kube ukuphela kwendawo yokuxhumana yokuhlanganisa amanye amaphuzu aphansi endaweni ye-AC yamanje ephezulu. Kufanele ixhunywe endaweni yokubeka phansi yaleli zinga, ikakhulukazi kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukugeleza kwamanje emuva emhlabathini engxenyeni ngayinye yesifunda kuyashintshwa. Ukuvinjelwa komugqa ogelezayo wangempela kuzobangela ukuguqulwa kwamandla omhlaba wengxenye ngayinye yesifunda futhi kwethule ukuphazamiseka. Kulo mandla okushintshanisa amandla, i-wiring yayo kanye ne-inductance phakathi kwamadivayisi anethonya elincane, futhi umjikelezo ojikelezayo owenziwe yi-grounding circuit unethonya elikhulu ekuphazamiseni. Ixhunywe kuphini eliphansi, izintambo zaphansi zezingxenye ezimbalwa ze-loop yamanje yokubuyisela okukhiphayo nazo zixhunywe kumaphini aphansi ama-capacitor okuhlunga ahambisanayo, ukuze ukunikezwa kwamandla kusebenze ngokuzinza futhi akulula ukuzithokozisa. Xhuma ama-diode amabili noma i-resistor encane, empeleni, ingaxhunyaniswa nesiqephu esilinganiselwe se-foil yethusi.

2. Khulisa ucingo oluphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma intambo yaphansi incane kakhulu, amandla aphansi azoshintsha ngokushintsha kwamandla, okuzokwenza izinga lesignali yesikhathi sezinto zikagesi lingazinzi, futhi ukusebenza kokulwa nomsindo kuzowohloka. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi itheminali ngayinye enkulu yamanje ephansi Sebenzisa izintambo eziphrintiwe zibe zimfushane futhi zibe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi wandise ububanzi bamandla nezintambo eziphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukwenza izintambo eziphansi zibe banzi kunezintambo zikagesi. Ubuhlobo babo: intambo ephansi “yentambo yamandla” yesignali. Ububanzi kufanele bube bukhulu kuno-3mm, futhi indawo enkulu yongqimba lwethusi ingasetshenziswa njengocingo oluphansi, futhi izindawo ezingasetshenzisiwe ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe zixhunywe phansi njengocingo oluphansi. Lapho kwenziwa izintambo zomhlaba wonke, le migomo elandelayo kufanele futhi ilandelwe:

(1) Isiqondiso sezintambo: Ngokombono wendawo yokunamathisela, ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye kufanele kuhambisane ngangokunokwenzeka nomdwebo wohlelo. Isiqondiso se-wiring singcono kakhulu ukuhambisana nesiqondiso sezintambo zomdwebo wesifunda, ngoba imingcele ehlukahlukene ivame ukudingeka endaweni ye-solder ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Ukuhlola, ngakho-ke lokhu kulungele ukuhlolwa, ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokulungiswa kabusha ekukhiqizeni (Qaphela: kubhekisela esakhiweni sokuhlangana nokusebenza kwesifunda kanye nezidingo zokufakwa kwawo wonke umshini kanye nesakhiwo samaphaneli).

(2) Lapho uklama umdwebo wezintambo, izintambo akufanele zigobe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ububanzi bomugqa ku-arc ephrintiwe akufanele bushintshe ngokuzumayo. Ikhona locingo kufanele libe ngu-≥90 degrees, futhi imigqa kufanele ibe lula futhi icace.

(3) Iziyingi eziphambanayo azivunyelwe kusekethe ephrintiwe. Emigqeni engase iwele, ungasebenzisa “ukubhoboza” kanye “nokusonga” ukuxazulula inkinga. Okungukuthi, vumela umthofu othile “ubhoboze” igebe ngaphansi kwamanye ama-resistators, ama-capacitor, namaphinikhodi amathathu, noma “umoya” ekupheleni komthofu othile ongawela. Ezimweni ezikhethekile, ukuthi isifunda siyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, kuvunyelwe nokwenza lula ukuklama. Sebenzisa izintambo ukuze uhlanganise ukuxazulula inkinga yesifunda esiphambanayo. Ngenxa yebhodi elinohlangothi olulodwa, izingxenye ezisemgqeni zitholakala endaweni ye-to p futhi amadivaysi aphezu komhlaba atholakala endaweni engaphansi. Ngakho-ke, amadivaysi asemgqeni angadlulana nezisetshenziswa zokukhweza phezulu ngesikhathi sesakhiwo, kodwa ukugqagqana kwamaphedi kufanele kugwenywe.

3. Inhlabathi yokufaka nendawo yokuphuma Lokhu kunikezwa kwamandla okushintshwa kuyi-DC-DC ene-voltage ephansi. Ukondla i-voltage ephumayo emuva kwesisekelo se-transformer, izifunda ezinhlangothini zombili kufanele zibe nendawo yokubhekisela evamile, ngakho-ke ngemva kokubeka ithusi phezu kwezintambo zomhlabathi nhlangothi zombili, Kumele zixhunywe ndawonye ukuze zenze indawo efanayo.

ukuhlolwa

Ngemuva kokuthi umklamo we-wiring usuqediwe, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi umklamo wezintambo uhambisana nemithetho ebekwe umklami, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho emisiwe ihlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza ibhodi ephrintiwe. . Ngokuvamile, hlola imigqa nemigqa, imigqa namaphedi engxenye, kanye nemigqa. Ukuthi amabanga ukusuka emigodini, amaphedi ezingxenye kanye nemigodi, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo nangezimbobo anengqondo, nokuthi ayahlangabezana yini nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Ukuthi ububanzi bentambo yamandla kanye nentambo yaphansi kufanelekile, nokuthi ingabe ikhona indawo yokwandisa umugqa ophansi ku-PCB. Qaphela: Amanye amaphutha angazitshwa. Isibonelo, uma ingxenye yohlaka lwezinye izixhumi ibekwe ngaphandle kohlaka lwebhodi, amaphutha azokwenzeka lapho kuhlolwa isikhala; ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi ngasinye lapho i-wiring kanye ne-vias kulungiswa, ithusi kufanele lifakwe kabusha.