Kuyilo lokutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla, uyilo lomzimba lwe Ibhodi PCB likhonkco lokugqibela. Ukuba indlela yoyilo ayifanelekanga, i-PCB inokukhupha uphazamiseko oluninzi kakhulu lwe-electromagnetic kwaye ibangele unikezelo lwamandla lusebenze lungazinzanga. Oku kulandelayo yimiba efuna ingqwalasela kucazululo lwenyathelo ngalinye:

Ukuhamba koyilo ukusuka kwi-skim ukuya kwi-PCB

Ukuseka icandelo leparameters-“input principle netlist-“design parameter settings -” manual layout-“manual wiring-“verification design -” review-“CAM output.

Uyilo lwecandelo

Ukuziqhelanisa kubonise ukuba nangona i-circuit schematic design ichanekile kwaye ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ayilwanga ngokufanelekileyo, iya kuchaphazela kakubi ukuthembeka kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba imigca emibini ebhityileyo ehambelanayo yebhodi eprintiweyo isondelelene, iya kubangela ukulibaziseka komqondiso we-waveform kunye nengxolo ebonakalisa ekupheleni komgca wothumelo; ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuqwalaselwa okungafanelekanga kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nomgca ophantsi kuya kubangela ukuba imveliso yonakaliswe. Ukusebenza kuncitshisiwe, ngoko ke xa uyila ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekwamkeleni indlela echanekileyo. Umbane ngamnye otshintshayo uneendawo ezine ezirhintyelayo ngoku:

(1) Umbane wokutshintsha isekethe ye-AC

(2) i-output rectifier AC circuit

(3) Umthombo wesignali yegalelo langoku loop

(4) imveliso yomthwalo wangoku loop iluphu

I-input capacitor ihlawuliswa yi-DC eqikelelweyo yangoku. Isihluzi se-capacitor sisebenza ikakhulu njengogcino lwamandla ebroadband; ngokufanayo, imveliso yokucoca i-capacitor ikwasetyenziselwa ukugcina amandla aphezulu-frequency ukusuka kwisilungisi sokuphuma kunye nokuphelisa amandla e-DC weluphu yomthwalo wemveliso. Ngoko ke, ii-terminals ze-input and output filter capacitors zibaluleke kakhulu. Igalelo kunye nemveliso yangoku iisekethe kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe kuphela kunikezelo lwamandla ukusuka kwii-terminals ze-filter capacitor ngokulandelanayo; ukuba uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-input / output circuit kunye ne-power switch / rectifier circuit ayinakuxhunywa kwi-capacitor I-terminal ixhunyiwe ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye amandla e-AC aya kuthuthwa kwindalo ngegalelo okanye i-capacitor filter capacitor.

Isiphaluka se-AC sokutshintsha kwamandla kunye nesekethe ye-AC ye-rectifier iqulethe i-high-amplitude trapezoidal currents. Amacandelo e-harmonic ale misinga aphezulu kakhulu. I-frequency inkulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo esisisiseko sokutshintsha. Incopho ye-amplitude ingaba phezulu njenge-5 amaxesha amplitude yegalelo eliqhubekayo / imveliso ye-DC yangoku. Ixesha lenguqu lidla ngokuba malunga nama-50 ns.

Ezi lophu zimbini zezona ziqhelene kakhulu nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, ke ezi loops ze-AC kufuneka zibekwe phambi kweminye imigca eprintiweyo kubonelelo lwamandla. Amacandelo amathathu aphambili kwi-loop nganye yi-filter capacitors, iiswitshi zamandla okanye i-rectifiers, i-inductors okanye i-transformers. Zibeke ecaleni komnye nomnye kwaye ulungelelanise indawo yamacandelo ukwenza indlela yangoku phakathi kwabo ibe mfutshane ngokusemandleni. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuseka ukutshintshwa kwesakhiwo sonikezelo lwamandla kufana noyilo lombane. Eyona nkqubo yoyilo yile ilandelayo:

beka i-transformer

uyilo lokutshintsha amandla langoku loop

Yila isiphumo sokulungisa loop yangoku

Ulawulo lwesekethi eqhagamshelwe kwisekethe yamandla e-AC

Yila igalelo langoku lelophu yemvelaphi kunye nesihluzo segalelo. Yila i-loop yomthwalo wemveliso kunye nokucoca imveliso ngokweyunithi esebenzayo yesekethe. Xa ubeka onke amacandelo esekethe, le migaqo ilandelayo kufuneka ifezekiswe:

(1) Okokuqala, qwalasela ubungakanani bePC B. Xa ubukhulu bePC B bukhulu kakhulu, imigca eprintiweyo iya kuba yinde, i-impedance iya kwanda, amandla okuchasa ingxolo aya kuncipha, kwaye iindleko ziya kwanda; ukuba ubukhulu bePC B buncinci kakhulu, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu akuyi kuba kuhle, kwaye imigca ekufutshane iya kuphazamiseka ngokulula. Ubume obugqwesileyo bebhodi yesekethe buxande, i-aspect ratio yi-3: 2 okanye 4: 3, kunye namacandelo abekwe kumda webhodi yesekethe ngokuqhelekileyo ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-2mm ukusuka kumda webhodi yesiphaluka.

(2) Xa ubeka isixhobo, qwalasela i-solder elandelayo, kungekhona kakhulu.

(3) Thatha icandelo elingundoqo lesekethe nganye esebenzayo njengeziko kwaye ulale ngeenxa zonke. Amacandelo kufuneka alungelelanise, ahlambuluke kwaye alungelelaniswe kwi-PC B, ukunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa izikhokelo kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwamacandelo, kunye ne-decoupling capacitor kufuneka isondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-VCC yesixhobo.

(4) Kwiisekethe ezisebenza kwii-frequencies eziphezulu, iiparamitha ezisasazwayo phakathi kwamacandelo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isekethe kufuneka icwangciswe ngokuhambelana kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, ayintle kuphela, kodwa ilula ukuyifaka kunye ne-weld, kwaye kulula ukuyivelisa ngobuninzi.

(5) Lungiselela indawo yecandelo lesekethe nganye esebenzayo ngokuhambelana nokuhamba kweesekethe, ukwenzela ukuba i-layout ilungele ukujikeleza komqondiso, kwaye umqondiso ugcinwe ngendlela efanayo njengoko kunokwenzeka.

(6) Umgaqo wokuqala woyilo kukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo wocingo, nikela ingqalelo ekudityanisweni kwesikhokelo sokubhabha xa uhambisa isixhobo, kwaye ubeke izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo kunye.

(7) Nciphisa indawo yelophu kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukucinezela uphazamiseko lwemitha yobonelelo lombane lokutshintsha.

useto lweparameter

Umgama phakathi kweengcingo ezikufutshane kufuneka ukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko lombane, kwaye ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukusebenza kunye nokuveliswa, umgama kufuneka ube mkhulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ubuncinci bezithuba kufuneka bufanele ubuncinci bombane onyamezelekayo. Xa ubuninzi be-wiring buphantsi, isithuba semigca yesignali sinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo. Kwimigca yemiqondiso enesithuba esikhulu phakathi kwamanqanaba aphezulu naphantsi, isithuba kufuneka sibe sifutshane kangangoko kwaye isithuba kufuneka sandiswe. Misela isithuba somkhondo sibe yi-8mil.

Umgama ukusuka kumda womngxuma wangaphakathi wepadi ukuya kumda webhodi eprintiweyo kufuneka ube mkhulu kune-1mm, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme iziphene zepadi ngexesha lokucubungula. Xa umkhondo oxhunywe kwiipads zincinci, ukudibanisa phakathi kweepads kunye neetrayisi kufuneka kuqulunqwe kwimilo yokulahla. Inzuzo yale nto kukuba i-pads ayilula ukuyikhupha, kodwa imifuziselo kunye neepads azinqanyulwa ngokulula.

Ukucima

Ukunikezelwa kombane okutshintshayo kuqulethe izibonakaliso eziphezulu ze-frequency. Nawuphi na umgca oshicilelweyo kwi-PC B unokusebenza njenge-eriyali. Ubude kunye nobubanzi bomgca oshicilelweyo buya kuchaphazela i-impedance kunye ne-inductance, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuphendula rhoqo. Kwanemigca eprintiweyo egqithisa iisignali ze-DC zinokudibanisa iisignali zerediyo ukusuka kwimigca eprintiweyo ekufutshane kwaye ibangele iingxaki zesekethe (kwaye iphinde iveze imiqondiso ephazamisayo kwakhona). Ngoko ke, zonke iilayini eziprintiweyo ezidlula i-AC current kufuneka ziyilwe ukuba zibe mfutshane kwaye zibe banzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, oku kuthetha ukuba onke amacandelo aqhagamshelwe kwimigca eprintiweyo kunye nezinye iintambo zombane kufuneka zibekwe kufutshane kakhulu.

Ubude bomgca oshicilelweyo buhambelana ne-inductance kunye ne-impedance eyibonisayo, ngelixa ububanzi buhambelana ngokuphambene ne-inductance kunye ne-impedance yomgca oshicilelweyo. Ubude bubonisa ubude bempendulo yomgca oshicilelweyo. Okukhona ubude bubude, kokukhona kusezantsi i-frequency apho umgca oshicilelweyo unokuthumela kwaye ufumane amaza ombane wombane, kwaye unokukhupha amandla amaza kanomathotholo angakumbi. Ngokutsho kwebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo yangoku, zama ukwandisa ububanzi bomgca wamandla ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-loop. Ngexesha elifanayo, yenza isalathiso somgca wamandla kunye nomgca womhlaba uhambelana nolwalathiso lwangoku, okunceda ukunyusa amandla okuchasana nengxolo. I-Grounding yisebe elisezantsi le-loops ezine zangoku zokunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo njengendawo yesalathiso eqhelekileyo kwisekethe. Yindlela ebalulekileyo yokulawula ukuphazamiseka.

Ngoko ke, ukubekwa kocingo lokumisa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokucophelela kwi-layout. Ukudibanisa iziseko ezahlukeneyo kuya kubangela ukungazinzi kombane.

La manqaku alandelayo kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo kuyilo locingo lomhlaba:

1. Khetha ngokuchanekileyo isiseko sendawo enye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-terminal eqhelekileyo ye-capacitor yokucoca kufuneka ibe yindawo yokudibanisa kuphela yokudibanisa ezinye iindawo zokumisa kumhlaba we-AC ophezulu wangoku. Kufuneka idibaniswe kwindawo yokumisa le nqanaba, ngokukodwa ngokuqwalasela ukuba i-current flowing back to the ground in each part of the circuit itshintshiwe. I-impedance yomgca ohambayo ngokwenene uya kubangela ukuba utshintsho lwamandla omhlaba wecandelo ngalinye lesekethe kwaye lungenise ukuphazamiseka. Kulo mbane wokuguqula umbane, i-wiring yayo kunye ne-inductance phakathi kwezixhobo zinempembelelo encinci, kwaye umbane ojikelezayo owenziwe ngumjikelo wesiseko unempembelelo enkulu ekuphazamiseni. Idityaniswe kwipini yomhlaba, iingcingo zomhlaba zamacandelo amaninzi e-output rectifier current loop nazo ziqhagamshelwe kwizikhonkwane zomhlaba ze-filter capacitors ezihambelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba umbane usebenze ngokuzinzileyo kwaye akulula ukuzihlaziya. Xhuma i-diode ezimbini okanye i-resistor encinci, eneneni, inokudibaniswa neqhekeza elincinciweyo le-foil yethusi.

2. Qinisa ucingo lokumisa kangangoko. Ukuba ucingo lokumisa luncinci kakhulu, amandla omhlaba aya kutshintsha ngokutshintsha kwangoku, okuya kubangela ukuba inqanaba lesignali yexesha lesixhobo sombane lingazinzi, kwaye ukusebenza okuchasene nesandi kuya kuhla. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-terminal yokumisa nganye yangoku enkulu Sebenzisa iingcingo eziprintiweyo zimfutshane kwaye zibanzi kangangoko, kwaye wandise ububanzi bamandla kunye neengcingo zomhlaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukwenza iingcingo zomhlaba zibe banzi ngaphezu kweengcingo zamandla. Ubudlelwane babo bu: ucingo oluphantsi “lwentambo yamandla” yocingo lwesignali. Ububanzi kufuneka bube bukhulu kune-3mm, kwaye indawo enkulu yobhedu yobhedu ingasetyenziselwa njengocingo lomhlaba, kunye neendawo ezingasetyenziswanga kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo zixhunywe emhlabeni njengocingo lomhlaba. Xa usenza iingcingo zehlabathi, le migaqo ilandelayo kufuneka ilandelwe:

(1) Isalathiso socingo: Ukusuka kwimbono ye-solder surface, ukulungiswa kwamacandelo kufuneka kuhambelane ngokusemandleni kunye nomzobo weskimu. Ulwalathiso lwe-wiring lungcono ukuba luhambelane nolwalathiso lwe-wiring yomzobo wesiphaluka, kuba iiparitha ezahlukeneyo zidla ngokufuneka kwi-solder surface ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ukuhlolwa, ngoko oku kulungele ukuhlolwa, ukulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa kwimveliso (Qaphela: ibhekisela kwisiseko sokuhlangana nokusebenza kwesekethe kunye neemfuno zofakelo lomatshini kunye noyilo lwepaneli).

(2) Xa uyila umzobo wocingo, i-wiring akufanele igobe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ububanzi bomgca kwi-arc eprintiweyo akufanele butshintshe ngokukhawuleza. Ikona yocingo kufuneka ibe yi-≥90 degrees, kwaye imigca kufuneka ibe lula kwaye icace.

(3) Iisekethe ezinqamlezayo azivumelekanga kwisekethe eprintiweyo. Kwimigca enokuthi igqithe, ungasebenzisa “i-drilling” kunye “nomoya” ukusombulula ingxaki. Oko kukuthi, vumela ukhokelo oluthile “luqhube” isithuba phantsi kwezinye izixhasi, ii-capacitors, kunye nezikhonkwane ze-triode, okanye “umoya” ekupheleni kwesikhokelo esithile esinokuwela. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngayo isekethe, iphinda ivunyelwe ukwenza lula ukuyila. Sebenzisa iingcingo ukubhuloka ukusombulula ingxaki yesekethe yomnqamlezo. Ngenxa yebhodi enecala elinye, amacandelo e-in-line afumaneka kwi-p surface kunye nezixhobo zokukhwela phezulu zibekwe kwindawo ephantsi. Ngoko ke, izixhobo ezingaphakathi ziyakwazi ukukhwelana kunye nezixhobo zokunyuka kwendawo ngexesha lokumisa, kodwa ukugqithwa kweepads kufuneka kugwenywe.

3. Umhlaba ongeniswayo kunye nomhlaba ophumayo Olu nikezelo lombane lokutshintsha luyi-low-voltage DC-DC. Ukondla i-voltage yemveliso emva kweprayimari ye-transformer, iisekethe kumacala omabini kufuneka zibe neendawo eziqhelekileyo zokubhekisela, ngoko emva kokubeka ubhedu kwiingcingo zomhlaba kumacala omabini, Kufuneka zidibaniswe kunye ukuze zenze umhlaba oqhelekileyo.

uviwo

Emva kokugqitywa koyilo lwe-wiring, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngokucophelela ukuba i-design ye-wiring ihambelana nemithetho ebekwe ngumyili, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo emiselweyo ihlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokuvelisa ibhodi eprintiweyo. . Ngokuqhelekileyo, khangela imigca kunye nemigca, imigca kunye neepadi zecandelo, kunye nemigca. Nokuba imigama ukusuka emingxunyeni, iipadi zecandelo kunye nokudlula emingxunyeni, kwimingxunya kunye nakwimingxuma ifanelekile, kwaye ingaba iyahlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso. Ingaba ububanzi bomgca wamandla kunye nomgca womhlaba ufanelekile, kwaye ingaba kukho indawo yokwandisa umgca womhlaba kwi-PCB. Qaphela: Ezinye iimpazamo zinokuhoywa. Ngokomzekelo, xa inxalenye yenkcazo yezinye izihlanganisi zibekwe ngaphandle kwesakhelo sebhodi, iimpazamo ziya kwenzeka xa kuhlolwa isithuba; ukongezelela, ixesha ngalinye i-wiring kunye ne-vias ziguqulwa, ubhedu kufuneka lufakwe kwakhona.