Muchigadziro chekushandura magetsi, kugadzirwa kwemuviri kwe Pcb bhodhi ndiyo yekupedzisira link. Kana iyo nzira yekugadzira isina kufanira, iyo PCB inogona kupenya yakawandisa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi uye kuita kuti magetsi ashande asina kugadzikana. Zvinotevera ndizvo zvinhu zvinoda kutariswa padanho rega rega rekuongorora:

Iyo dhizaini inoyerera kubva kuchirongwa kuenda kuPCB

Kugadzira maparamendi echikamu-“input musimboti netlist-“design parameter settings -” manual layout-“manual wiring-“verification design -” wongororo-“CAM kubuda.

Chimiro chechimiro

Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti kunyange kana redunhu schematic dhizaini rakarurama uye rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi risina kugadzirwa zvakanaka, zvinokanganisa kuvimbika kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, kana mitsetse miviri yakatetepa yakaenzana yebhodhi rakadhindwa iri pedyo, zvinokonzeresa kunonoka kwechiratidzo chewaveform uye ruzha rwekuratidzira pakupera kwetambo yekutapurirana; kupindira kunokonzerwa nekufungisisa kusina kunaka kwemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi kuchaita kuti chigadzirwa chive chakakuvadzwa. Kuita kwakaderedzwa, saka kana uchigadzira bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kutora nzira chaiyo. Imwe neimwe switching magetsi ine mana azvino zvishwe:

(1) Simba chinja AC redunhu

(2) goho rectifier AC wedunhu

(3) Input signal source current loop

(4) kubuda mutoro ikozvino loop yekupinda loop

Iyo yekuisa capacitor inobhadhariswa neinoda kusvika DC ikozvino. Iyo sefa capacitor inonyanya kuita senge Broadband simba rekuchengetedza; zvakafanana, iyo inobuda sefa capacitor inoshandiswawo kuchengetedza yakakwira-frequency simba kubva kune inoburitsa rectifier uye kubvisa iyo DC simba rekubuda mutoro loop. Naizvozvo, materminal eiyo yekupinza uye yekubuda mafirita capacitors akakosha zvakanyanya. Iko kupinza uye kuburitsa ikozvino maseketi kunofanirwa kungobatanidzwa kune magetsi kubva kune materminals efirita capacitor zvichiteerana; kana kuwirirana pakati pekuisa / kubuda kwedunhu uye simba rekushandura / rectifier rectifier haigoni kubatanidzwa kune capacitor The terminal yakabatana zvakananga, uye simba re AC richabudiswa mukati mezvakatipoteredza nekuisa kana kubuda firita capacitor.

Iyo AC yedunhu remagetsi switch uye AC dunhu reiyo rectifier ine yakakwirira-amplitude trapezoidal currents. Izvo zvikamu zveharmonic zveaya mafungu zvakakwirira kwazvo. Iyo frequency yakakura kupfuura iyo yakakosha frequency ye switch. Iyo peak amplitude inogona kunge yakakwira se5 times amplitude yekuenderera mberi yekupinda / kubuda DC ikozvino. Nguva yekushandura inowanzoita Inenge 50 ns.

Zvishwe zviviri izvi ndizvo zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nemagetsi, saka zvishwe zveAC izvi zvinofanirwa kuiswa pamberi pemamwe mitsara yakadhindwa mumagetsi. Izvo zvitatu zvakakosha zveloop yega yega mafirita capacitors, magetsi switch kana rectifiers, inductors kana transformers. Ivaise pedyo nemumwe uye gadzirisa nzvimbo yezvikamu kuita nzira yemazuva ano pakati pavo ipfupi sezvinobvira. Nzira yakanakisa yekumisikidza switching power supply marongero yakafanana neyakagadzirwa nemagetsi. Iyo yakanakisa dhizaini maitiro ndeaya anotevera:

isa transformer

dhizaini simba chinja ikozvino loop

Dhizaini inoburitsa rectifier ikozvino loop

Kudzora dunhu rakabatana neAC simba redunhu

Gadzira iyo yekupinda ikozvino sosi loop uye yekuisa sefa. Gadzira iyo inobuda mutoro loop uye inobuda sefa zvinoenderana neiyo inoshanda unit yedunhu. Pakuisa zvese zvikamu zvedunhu, zvinotevera zvimiso zvinofanirwa kusangana:

(1) Kutanga, funga saizi yePC B. Kana iyo PC B saizi yakakura kwazvo, mitsetse yakadhindwa ichave yakareba, iyo impedance ichawedzera, iyo anti-ruzha kugona ichaderera, uye mutengo uchawedzera; kana PC B saizi idiki kwazvo, kupisa kupisa hakuzove kwakanaka, uye mitsetse iri padyo ichavhiringidzika nyore. Chimiro chakanakisa chebhodhi redunhu chine rectangular, chiyero chechikamu 3: 2 kana 4: 3, uye zvikamu zviri pamucheto webhodhi redunhu kazhinji hazvisi pasi pe2mm kubva kumucheto kwebhodhi redunhu.

(2) Paunenge uchiisa mudziyo, funga nezve unotevera solder, kwete kunyanyisa.

(3) Tora chikamu chepakati chedunhu rega rega rinoshanda sepakati uye woisa kunze kwakaripoteredza. Izvo zvikamu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakaenzana, zvakarongeka uye zvakarongeka zvakarongeka paPC B, kuderedza uye kupfupisa zvinotungamirira uye kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu, uye decoupling capacitor inofanira kuva pedyo sezvinobvira kuVCC yechigadzirwa.

(4) Kwemaseketi anoshanda pamhepo yakakwira, iyo yakagoverwa paramita pakati pezvikamu inofanira kutariswa. Kazhinji, dunhu rinofanira kurongedzerwa mukuwirirana zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Nenzira iyi, haina kungonaka chete, asiwo iri nyore kuisa uye weld, uye nyore kugadzira kuwanda.

(5) Ronga nzvimbo yeimwe neimwe inoshanda yedunhu unit zvinoenderana nekuyerera kwedunhu, kuitira kuti marongerwo ave nyore kutenderera kwechiratidzo, uye chiratidzo chinochengetwa munzira imwechete sezvinobvira.

(6) Nheyo yekutanga yekurongeka ndeyekuona chiyero chewaya, teerera kune kubatana kweinobhururuka inotungamira paunenge uchifambisa mudziyo, uye isa midziyo yakabatana pamwechete.

(7) Deredza iyo loop nzvimbo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kudzvanya kupindira kwemwaranzi yekuchinja magetsi.

paramende marongero

Chinhambwe chiri pakati pewaya dziri padhuze chinofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza magetsi, uye kuitira kufambisa basa nekugadzira, chinhambwe chinofanira kunge chakafara sezvinobvira. Iyo diki spacing inofanirwa kunge yakakodzera kune iyo voltage inoshivirira. Kana wiring density yakadzikira, nzvimbo yemitsara yemasaini inogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera. Kune mitsetse yezviratidzo ine mukaha mukuru pakati pemazinga akakwirira uye akaderera, nzvimbo inofanira kuva pfupi sezvinobvira uye nzvimbo inofanira kuwedzerwa. Isa nzvimbo yekutevera kusvika 8mil.

Nharaunda kubva kumucheto wegomba remukati wepadhi kusvika kumucheto webhodhi rakadhindwa rinofanira kuva rakakura kudarika 1mm, kuitira kuti udzivise kukanganisa kwepadhi panguva yekugadzirisa. Kana mitsara yakabatana nemapadhi yakaonda, kuwirirana pakati pemapadhi uye maitiro kunofanira kugadzirwa kuva chimiro chekudonha. Kubatsira kweizvi ndekwekuti mapedhi haasi nyore kusvuura, asi maronda uye mapedhi haasi nyore kubviswa.

Wiring

Simba rekuchinja rine masaini epamusoro-frequency. Chero mutsara wakadhindwa paPC B unogona kushanda sengere. Kureba uye upamhi hwemutsara wakadhindwa huchakanganisa impedance yayo uye inductance, nekudaro ichikanganisa frequency mhinduro. Kunyangwe mitsetse yakadhindwa inopfuudza masaini eDC inogona kubatanidza masaini eredhiyo kubva padhuze akadhindwa mitsara uye kukonzera matambudziko edunhu (uye kunyange kupenya zvinokanganisa masaini zvakare). Nokudaro, mitsetse yose yakadhindwa inopfuura AC ikozvino inofanira kugadzirwa kuti ive pfupi uye yakafara sezvinobvira, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvikamu zvose zvakabatana nemitsara yakadhindwa uye mamwe magetsi emagetsi anofanira kuiswa pedyo zvikuru.

Kureba kwemutsara wakadhindwa kunoenderana neiyo inductance uye impedance iyo inoratidzira, nepo hupamhi huri inversely proportional kune inductance uye impedance yemutsara wakadhindwa. Hurefu hunoratidza kureba kwemhinduro yemutsara wakadhindwa. Kureba kwacho, ndiko kudzikisa frequency iyo tambo yakadhindwa inogona kutumira uye kugashira masaisai emagetsi, uye inogona kupenya yakawanda redhiyo frequency simba. Maererano nezvino zvebhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa, edza kuwedzera hupamhi hwetambo yemagetsi kuderedza kupikisa kwechiuno. Panguva imwecheteyo, ita kuti kutungamirirwa kwetambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi uenderane nehutungamiri hwemazuva ano, izvo zvinobatsira kuwedzera simba rinopesana neruzha. Grounding ndiro bazi rezasi rezvishwe zvina zvazvino zve switching power supply. Inoita basa rakakosha sechinhu chinozivikanwa chedunhu. Iyo nzira yakakosha yekudzora kupindira.

Nokudaro, kuiswa kwetambo yepasi kunofanira kunyatsotariswa mukugadzirisa. Kusanganisa zvigadziko zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzeresa kusagadzikana kwemagetsi.

Aya mapoinzi anotevera anofanirwa kutariswa mune yepasi waya dhizaini:

1. Nyatsosarudza nzvimbo imwe chete-poindi. Kazhinji, iyo yakajairwa terminal yefirita capacitor inofanirwa kunge iri iyo yega nzvimbo yekubatanidza yekubatanidza mamwe mapoinzi epasi kune iyo AC pasi yepamusoro ikozvino. Inofanira kunge yakabatanidzwa kunzvimbo yepasi yezinga iri, kunyanya kufunga kuti ikozvino inoyerera ichidzokera pasi muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chedunhu chinoshandurwa. Iyo impedance yeiyo chaiyo inoyerera mutsara ichakonzera shanduko yepasi kugona kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chedunhu uye kuunza kupindira. Mune ino shanduko yemagetsi, wiring yayo uye inductance pakati pezvishandiso zvine simba shoma, uye ikozvino inotenderera inoumbwa nepasi redunhu ine simba guru pakukanganisa. Yakabatanidzwa nepini yepasi, waya dzepasi dzezvikamu zvakati wandei zvekubuda rectifier current loop dzakabatanidzwawo nemapini epasi eanoenderana mafirita capacitors, kuitira kuti magetsi ashande zvakanyanya kugadzikana uye hazvisi nyore kuzvifadza. Batanidza ma diode maviri kana diki resistor, kutaura zvazviri, inogona kubatanidzwa kune yakanyatso kunyudzwa chidimbu chemhangura foil.

2. Gadzirisa waya yekudzikisa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kana iyo tambo yepasi yakanyanya kutetepa, simba repasi rinozochinja nekuchinja kwezvino, izvo zvichaita kuti nguva yechiratidzo cheyero yemidziyo yemagetsi ive isina kugadzikana, uye kurwisa-ruzha kuita kuchaderera. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti imwe neimwe yakakura ikozvino yekumisa terminal Shandisa waya dzakadhindwa sepfupi uye nehupamhi sezvinobvira, uye kuwedzera hupamhi hwesimba uye waya dzepasi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Zvakanakisisa kuita tambo dzepasi dzakafara kupfuura tambo dzemagetsi. Ukama hwavo ndehwe: pasi waya “simba wire” chiratidzo wire. Upamhi hunofanira kunge hwakakura kudarika 3mm, uye nzvimbo yakakura yemhangura yemhangura inogonawo kushandiswa sewaya yepasi, uye nzvimbo dzisina kushandiswa pabhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa dzakabatanidzwa pasi sewaya yepasi. Paunenge uchiita wiring yepasirese, misimboti inotevera inofanirwa kuteverwa:

(1) Wiring direction: Kubva pakuona kwechiso chekutengesa, kurongeka kwezvikamu kunofanira kuwirirana sezvinobvira nemufananidzo we schematic. Iyo wiring dhairekitori inonyatso kuenderana neiyo wiring dhairekitori yedhiyagiramu yedunhu, nekuti maparamita akasiyana-siyana anowanzo kudiwa pane solder pamusoro panguva yekugadzira. Kuongorora, saka izvi zviri nyore kuongororwa, kugadzirisa uye kuwedzeredza mukugadzira (Cherechedza: inoreva nzvimbo yekusangana nekuita kwedunhu uye zvinodiwa zvemushini wese kuisirwa uye dhizaini dhizaini).

(2) Paunenge uchigadzira iyo wiring diagram, wiring haifaniri kukotama zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye upamhi hwemutsara pane yakadhindwa arc haifaniri kuchinja kamwe kamwe. Kona yetambo inofanira kuva ≥90 degrees, uye mitsetse inofanira kunge iri nyore uye yakajeka.

(3) Maseketi emuchinjiko haabvumidzwe mudhinda rakadhindwa. Kune mitsetse inogona kuyambuka, unogona kushandisa “drilling” uye “mhepo” kugadzirisa dambudziko. Kureva kuti, rega mumwe mutobvu “oboore” nomumukana pasi pezvimwe zvinodzivisa, ma<em>capacitor, uye mapini matatu, kana kuti “mhepo” nomukupera kwemumwe mutobvu ungayambuka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu anokosha, kuti dunhu rakaoma sei, rinobvumirwawo kurerutsa dhizaini. Shandisa waya kubhiriji kugadzirisa dambudziko remuchinjiko. Nekuda kwebhodhi-sided board, iyo in-line components inowanikwa pane to p uye iyo yepamusoro-inokwira midziyo inowanikwa pasi pasi. Naizvozvo, ma-in-line midziyo inogona kupindirana neyepamusoro-inokwira zvishandiso panguva yekurongeka, asi kupindirana kwemapadhi kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa.

3. Input ground uye yakabuda ivhu Iri rinoshandura simba rekushandisa i-low-voltage DC-DC. Kudyisa goho voltage kudzokera chepuraimari transformer, matunhu kumativi ose anofanira kuva zvakajairika referefeta pasi, saka pashure kuisa mhangura pasi waya kumativi ose, Anofanira akabatana pamwe chete kuti vaumbe zvakafanana pasi.

bvunzo

Mushure mekunge dhizaini yapera, zvinodikanwa kunyatso tarisisa kana iyo wiring dhizaini inoenderana nemitemo yakatarwa nemugadziri, uye panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa kusimbisa kana iyo yakatemerwa mitemo inosangana nezvinodiwa zveyakadhindwa bhodhi kugadzirwa. . Kazhinji, tarisa mitsetse nemitsara, mitsetse uye zvikamu zvepadhi, uye mitsetse. Kunyangwe zvinhambwe kubva nemumakomba, mapedhi echikamu uye nemumakomba, nemumakomba uye nemumakomba zvine musoro, uye kuti anozadzisa zvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Kana hupamhi hwetambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi zvakakodzera, uye kana pane nzvimbo yekuwedzera mutsara wepasi muPCB. Cherechedza: Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvinogona kufuratirwa. Semuyenzaniso, kana chikamu chechidimbu chezvimwe zvinobatanidza chikaiswa kunze kwebhodhi furemu, zvikanganiso zvichaitika kana uchitarisa nzvimbo; Mukuwedzera, nguva imwe neimwe iyo wiring uye vias zvinogadziriswa, mhangura inofanira kuvharwa zvakare.