A PCB or phriontáilte chuaird gineann sé teas nuair a shreabhann sruth leictreach tríd. Gan insliú ceart, is féidir leis an teas seo fadhbanna tromchúiseacha a chruthú do PCBS.

Cén fáth a bhfuil insliú de dhíth ar PCBS?

Sula dtuigeann tú insliú PCB, caithfidh tú a thuiscint: Cad is PCB ann?

PCBS, or printed circuit boards, are small green squares with copper sheets (but also in other colors). It can be found in almost any electronic device! Cuireann cláir chiorcaid phriontáilte ar chumas feistí leictreonacha feidhmiú i gceart, rud a fhágann go bhfuil siad ina gcuid ríthábhachtach ach dofheicthe den saol laethúil. Without them, computers, telephones, televisions and electronics would not work or exist.

Tá leictreach an-chumhachtach do PCB. PCBS contain printed copper wires, so they naturally conduct electricity. Mar sin féin, is féidir le comhpháirteanna leictreacha a bheith ina nguais mura bhfuil siad iata i dtithíocht neamh-seoltaí nó má éiríonn siad ró-the. Caithfear an PCB a insliú chun creimeadh copair a chosc agus teagmháil thimpiste le hábhair seoltaí a laghdú. Proper insulation can help prevent the PCB from overheating or exploding.

There are several ways to isolate a PCB. There are several common insulation materials, but the exact type of insulation usually depends on the application of the PCB design.

Photo source: pixabay

Ábhar inslithe PCB

De ghnáth cruthaítear ábhair inslithe PCB coitianta mar fhoshraitheanna neamh-seoltaí ar féidir iad a chomhleá le chéile i iliomad sraitheanna chun ligean don sruth sreabhadh i gceart tríd an gclár ciorcad iomlán. Is féidir le PCBS níos simplí a bheith aon-thaobhach nó aon-chiseal. Complex PCBS, such as those used for high-speed digital communications, may contain more than two dozen layers.

PCB insulation calculator can help you determine creepage distance and electrical clearance, which will be the determining factor in the exact type and quantity of insulation material. Is é an t-achar creepage an fad is giorra idir páirteanna seoltaí, agus is é imréiteach an eilimint atá scartha le haer seachas an tsubstráit. Tá sé riachtanach fad creepage agus imréiteach leictreach a thuiscint chun insliú PCB a ríomh.

Is féidir le déantúsóirí PCB roghnú ábhair éagsúla a úsáid le haghaidh inslithe, ó phlaistigh saor mar FR-2 go miotail gharbh mar alúmanam. The insulating material of a PCB usually determines its use. For example, the PCB in a cheaply made electronic toy would not need the same type of insulation as the PCB in a satellite.

Chun ábhair inslithe agus inslithe PCB a thuiscint níos fearr, déanaimis iniúchadh ar na cúig chineál inslithe PCB is coitianta.

FR-2

Is rogha lannaithe retardant lasair ghrád íseal é Fr-2. It is made from a composite of paper and plasticized phenolic resin, making it light and durable. Is gnách go n-úsáideann cláir chiorcad aon-thaobh an t-ábhar seo. Tá an FR-2 saor ó halaigine agus hidreafóbach agus is féidir é a bhrú nó a mhilliúnú go héasca. Tá an FR-2 ar cheann de na roghanna is saoire le haghaidh insliú PCB agus is rogha coiteann é do chuideachtaí a dhéanann leictreonaic tomhaltóra indiúscartha.

FR-4

Is rogha lannaithe lasair-retardant lasair é Fr-4. It is a composite material made of fiberglass woven fabric and is commonly used in the manufacture of double-sided and multi-layer PCBS. Is féidir leis an FR-4 teochtaí níos airde agus brúnna fisiciúla a sheasamh ná an FR-2. It’s also an affordable material, making it a popular choice for manufacturers of high-end consumer electronics. The FR-4 is not machined fast, requiring milling, stamping or machined tungsten carbide tools.

Minicíocht raidió (rf)

RF substrates are designed to allow PCBS to operate in applications using high power RF and microwave. RF substrates are most commonly used for PCBS installed in military electronics, avionics and avionics. It is important to note, however, that some consumer electronics products contain this type of substrate. Ní ghineann na plaistigh a chuimsíonn foshraith tipiciúil RF go leor inslithe agus feidhmíonn siad go maith chun tasc sruthanna móra a ghiniúint. De ghnáth ní bhíonn ach sraith nó dhó ag PCBS RF agus micreathonn.

solúbtha

Cé go bhfuil an chuid is mó de na cláir chiorcad priontáilte cothrom agus docht, tá roinnt PCBS nuálacha ann ar féidir leo lúbadh i dtreo ar bith beagnach gan briseadh. Teastaíonn cineál inslithe den chineál céanna ach uathúil i gciorcaid sholúbtha. Flexible circuits are usually protected with A SPRAY of PCB insulation, in addition to plastic film is a popular choice. Teastaíonn sciath inslithe PCB tanaí, láidir ó chiorcaid sholúbtha ionas gur féidir leo bogadh go saor agus luí isteach i Spásanna daingean.

miotail

D’fhéadfadh cuma aisteach a bheith ar an rogha miotail mar inslitheoir. Is gnách go mbíonn miotail seoltaí leictreach, agus is féidir le PCB cliseadh, tine nó leá a dhéanamh de bharr seolta de thaisme. However, in some cases, a PCB with a metal substrate may be more advantageous. Is seoltóir teasa den scoth é miotal agus is féidir leis sruthanna ollmhóra a sheasamh gan briseadh ná dó. D’fhéadfadh go n-éileodh PCBS atá suiteáilte i dtrealamh leictreach-luchtaithe a ídíonn go leor cumhachta ar fhoshraitheanna miotail feidhmiú go héifeachtach.

Tionchar an tionscail

Chun an PCB a chosc ó róthéamh, tine a ghabháil nó tine a ghabháil, caithfear é a insliú go leordhóthanach. The type of insulation corresponds to the type of use provided by the PCB.

Tá PCBS leictreonach ilchuspóireach oiriúnach le húsáid le foshraitheanna FR-2 nó FR-4 atá níos simplí agus níos costéifeachtaí. Tá foshraitheanna RF níos oiriúnaí d’iarratais a bhaineann le RF ardchumhachta.

Tá foshraitheanna solúbtha cosúil le plaistigh oiriúnach go maith chun riachtanais inslithe na gclár ciorcad solúbtha a chomhlíonadh. Os a choinne sin, is seoltóirí teasa den scoth iad miotail agus iad ag coinneáil na leictreon cumhachta fionnuar.