A PCB or boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng e hlahisa mocheso ha motlakase o phalla ka eona. Ntle le ho koala hantle, mocheso ona o ka baka mathata a tebileng bakeng sa PCBS.

Hobaneng ha PCBS e hloka ho kenella?

Pele o ka utloisisa ts’ireletso ea PCB, o tlameha ho utloisisa: PCB ke eng?

PCBS, or printed circuit boards, are small green squares with copper sheets (but also in other colors). It can be found in almost any electronic device! Liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng li nolofalletsa lisebelisoa tsa elektronike ho sebetsa hantle, li li etsa karolo ea bohlokoa empa e sa bonahale bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ntle ho bona, likhomphutha, mehala, lithelevishene le elektroniki li ne li ke ke tsa sebetsa kapa tsa ba teng.

Motlakase o matla haholo bakeng sa PCB. PCBS contain printed copper wires, so they naturally conduct electricity. Leha ho le joalo, likarolo tsa motlakase li ka baka kotsi haeba li sa koaloa ka matlong a sa tsamaeeng kapa li chesa haholo. The PCB tlameha ho insulated ho thibela ts’enyeho koporo le ho fokotsa ho kopana ka phoso le thepa conductive. Proper insulation can help prevent the PCB from overheating or exploding.

There are several ways to isolate a PCB. There are several common insulation materials, but the exact type of insulation usually depends on the application of the PCB design.

Mohloli oa foto: pixabay

PCB li sireletsang serameng lintho tse bonahalang

Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho koala li-PCB hangata li theoa e le likaroloana tse sa sebetseng tse ka kopantsoeng hammoho ka likarolo tse ngata ho lumella ha joale ho phalla hantle ka hara boto eohle ea potoloho. PCBS e bonolo e ka ba ka lehlakoreng le le leng kapa ka lera le le leng. Complex PCBS, such as those used for high-speed digital communications, may contain more than two dozen layers.

PCB insulation calculator can help you determine creepage distance and electrical clearance, which will be the determining factor in the exact type and quantity of insulation material. Sebaka sa creepage ke sebaka se sekhuts’oane haholo lipakeng tsa likarolo tse tsamaeang, ‘me tumello ke karolo e arotsoeng ke moea ho fapana le substrate. Understanding creepage distance and electrical clearance is essential for calculating PCB insulation.

Baetsi ba PCB ba ka khetha ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse fapaneng bakeng sa ho li kenya, ho tloha ho li-plastiki tse theko e tlaase joalo ka FR-2 ho ea ho litšepe tse matsutla joalo ka aluminium. The insulating material of a PCB usually determines its use. Mohlala, PCB ka hara sebapalisoa sa elektroniki se theko e tlaase e ke ke ea hloka mofuta o ts’oanang oa ho koala joalo ka PCB ka satellite.

Ho utloisisa hamolemo PCB kwahelang le thepa e kwahelang, a re ke re hlahlobeng mefuta e mehlano e atileng ka ho fetisisa ea ho kenya letsoho ha PCB.

EA-2

Fr-2 ke khetho e tlase ea lelakabe e bolokang laminate. It is made from a composite of paper and plasticized phenolic resin, making it light and durable. Liboto tsa potoloho tse se nang lehlakore hangata li sebelisa sesebelisoa sena. FR-2 ha e na halogen ebile ha e na hydrophobic mme e ka hatelloa habonolo kapa ho siloa habonolo. FR-2 ke e ‘ngoe ea likhetho tse theko e tlaase bakeng sa ho koalla PCB’ me ke khetho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa lik’hamphani tse etsang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse lahloang.

EA-4

Fr-4 ke e tsoetseng pele lelakabe retardant laminate khetho. It is a composite material made of fiberglass woven fabric and is commonly used in the manufacture of double-sided and multi-layer PCBS. FR-4 e ka mamella lithemparetjha tse phahameng le khatello ea ‘mele ho feta FR-2. It’s also an affordable material, making it a popular choice for manufacturers of high-end consumer electronics. FR-4 ha e etsoe ka potlako, e hlokang ho siloa, ho hatakeloa kapa ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa carbide tsa tungsten.

Maqhubu a seea-le-moea (rf)

Lisebelisoa tsa RF li etselitsoe ho lumella li-PCBS ho sebetsa lits’ebetsong li sebelisa matla a phahameng a RF le microwave. Lisebelisoa tsa RF li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa li-PCBS tse kentsoeng lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa sesole, li-avionics le li-avionics. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela, leha ho le joalo, hore lihlahisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki tsa bareki li na le mofuta ona oa substrate. Lipolasetiki tse etsang karolo e tloaelehileng ea RF ha li hlahise li-insulation tse ngata ebile li sebetsa hantle molemong oa ho hlahisa maqhubu a maholo. RF le microwave PCBS hangata li na le sekhahla se le seng kapa tse peli feela.

tenyetsehang

Leha lipolanka tse ngata tse hatisitsoeng li bataletse ebile li sa tenyetsehe, ho na le li-PCBS tse ncha tse ka kobehang nqa e fe kapa e fe ntle le ho robeha. Lipotoloho tse tenyetsehang li hloka mofuta o tšoanang empa o ikhethile. Lipotoloho tse tenyetsehang hangata li sirelelitsoe ka A SPRAY ea PCB insulation, ntle le filimi ea polasetiki ke khetho e tsebahalang. Lipotoloho tse tenyetsehang li hloka tšesaane, seaparo se matla sa PCB e le hore li tsebe ho tsamaea ka bolokolohi le ho lekana libakeng tse thata.

tšepe

Khetho ea tšepe e le insulator e kanna ea utloahala e makatsa. Lisebelisoa hangata li tsamaisoa ka motlakase, ‘me ho tsamaisoa ka phoso ho ka etsa hore PCB e hlolehe, e tuke kapa e qhibilihe. However, in some cases, a PCB with a metal substrate may be more advantageous. Metal ke mokhanni o motle oa mocheso ‘me e khona ho mamella maqhubu a maholo ntle le ho robeha kapa ho cha. PCBS e kentsoe lisebelisoa tse nang le motlakase tse jang matla a mangata li ka hloka hore likaroloana tsa tšepe li sebetse hantle.

Tšusumetso ea indasteri

Ho thibela PCB hore e se ke ea chesa haholo, ea ts’oasa mollo, kapa ea ts’oasa mollo, e tlameha ho koaheloa ka mokhoa o lekaneng. The type of insulation corresponds to the type of use provided by the PCB.

PCBS ea maiketsetso e akaretsang e loketse ho sebelisoa ka likaroloana tse bonolo le tse bolokang chelete e ngata tsa FR-2 kapa FR-4. Lisebelisoa tsa RF li loketse likopo tse nang le matla a maholo a RF.

Likarolo tse tenyetsehang tse kang lipolasetiki li loketse hantle ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ho kenya letsoho tsa liboto tsa potoloho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tšepe ke li-conductor tse ntle tsa mocheso ha li ntse li boloka li-elektronike tsa motlakase li pholile.