A PCB or ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe kukhiqiza ukushisa lapho amandla kagesi egeleza ngawo. Ngaphandle kokufakwa kahle, lokhu kushisa kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu kwi-PCBS.

Kungani i-PCBS idinga ukwahlukanisa?

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqonde ukwahlukaniswa kwe-PCB, kufanele uqonde: Yini i-PCB?

PCBS, or printed circuit boards, are small green squares with copper sheets (but also in other colors). It can be found in almost any electronic device! Amabhodi wesifunda anyathelisiwe enza ukuba izinto zobuchwepheshe zisebenze kahle, zibenze babe yingxenye ebalulekile kodwa engabonakali yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngaphandle kwabo, amakhompyutha, izingcingo, amathelevishini kanye ne-elekthronikhi bekungeke kusebenze noma kube khona.

Ugesi unamandla amakhulu nge-PCB. PCBS contain printed copper wires, so they naturally conduct electricity. Kodwa-ke, izinto zikagesi zingadala ingozi uma zingafakwanga ezindlini ezingahambisani noma zishise kakhulu. I-PCB kumele ngci ukuze kuvikelwe ukugqwala kwethusi futhi kunciphise ukuthintana ngengozi nezinto zokuhamba. Proper insulation can help prevent the PCB from overheating or exploding.

There are several ways to isolate a PCB. There are several common insulation materials, but the exact type of insulation usually depends on the application of the PCB design.

Umthombo wesithombe: pixabay

PCB impahla nangokuvikela

Izinto ezijwayelekile zokufakwa kwe-PCB zivame ukwakheka njengama-substrates angahambisani nawo angahlanganiswa ndawonye ngezendlalelo eziningi ukuvumela okwamanje ukugeleza kahle kulo lonke ibhodi lesifunda. I-PCBS elula ingaba ngohlangothi olulodwa noma isendlalelo esisodwa. Complex PCBS, such as those used for high-speed digital communications, may contain more than two dozen layers.

PCB insulation calculator can help you determine creepage distance and electrical clearance, which will be the determining factor in the exact type and quantity of insulation material. Ibanga le-Creepage yibanga elifushane kakhulu phakathi kwezingxenye eziqhubayo, futhi imvume iyinto ehlukaniswe ngumoya kune-substrate. Understanding creepage distance and electrical clearance is essential for calculating PCB insulation.

Abakhiqizi be-PCB bangakhetha ukusebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene zokufaka, kusuka kuma-plastiki angabizi njenge-FR-2 kuya kuzinsimbi ezimangelengele ezifana ne-aluminium. The insulating material of a PCB usually determines its use. Isibonelo, i-PCB kwithoyizi elenziwe ngogesi elingabizi kakhulu ibingadingi uhlobo olufanayo lokufakwa njenge-PCB kusathelayithi.

Ukuze siqonde kangcono ukwahlukanisa kwe-PCB nezinto zokwambathisa, ake sihlole izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezivame kakhulu zokufakwa kwe-PCB.

FR-2

UFr-2 uyindlela ephansi yelangabi elisebenzisayo laminate. It is made from a composite of paper and plasticized phenolic resin, making it light and durable. Amabhodi wesifunda anezinhlangothi ezilodwa ngokuvamile asebenzisa le nto. I-FR-2 ayinayo i-halogen futhi i-hydrophobic futhi ingacindezelwa kalula noma ifinywe. I-FR-2 ingenye yezindlela ezingabizi kakhulu zokufakwa kwe-PCB futhi kuyindlela ejwayelekile yezinkampani ezenza izinto ezilahlwayo zabathengi.

FR-4

I-Fr-4 iyinketho esezingeni eliphakeme yelangabi elincishisiwe. Yinto ehlanganisiwe eyenziwe ngendwangu yokweluka ye-fiberglass futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwe-PCBS emaceleni amabili nangaphezulu. I-FR-4 ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu nezingcindezi zomzimba kune-FR-2. Futhi kuyinto engabizi, okwenza kube yinto ethandwa kakhulu ngabakhiqizi bezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zabathengi. I-FR-4 ayakhiwe ngomshini ngokushesha, edinga amathuluzi we-carbide we-tungsten.

Imvamisa yerediyo (rf)

Ama-substrates we-RF aklanyelwe ukuvumela i-PCBS ukuthi isebenze kuzinhlelo zokusebenza isebenzisa amandla amakhulu we-RF ne-microwave. Ama-substrates e-RF asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-PCBS afakwe ku-elekthronikhi yamasosha, kuma-avionics nakuma-avionics. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela, noma kunjalo, ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo yabathengi ye-elekthronikhi iqukethe lolu hlobo lwe-substrate. Amapulasitiki akha i-RF substrate ejwayelekile awakhiqizi kakhulu futhi enza kahle ngomsebenzi wokwenza imisinga emikhulu. I-RF ne-microwave PCBS imvamisa iba nezendlalelo eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela.

nezimo

Yize amabhodi wesifunda amaningi ephrintiwe futhi eqinile, kukhona ama-PCBS amasha angagoba cishe kunoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokuphula. Amasekethe aguquguqukayo adinga uhlobo olufanayo kodwa olwehlukile lokufaka. Amasekethe aguquguqukayo avikelekile nge-A SPRAY yokufakwa kwe-PCB, ngaphezu kwefilimu yepulasitiki kuyindlela ethandwayo. Amasekethe aguquguqukayo adinga ukumboza okuncane, okuqinile kwe-PCB ukwahlukanisa ukuze akwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka futhi angene ezikhaleni eziqinile.

onesigqi esinamandla

Ukukhethwa kwensimbi njengesivikelo kungabonakala kungajwayelekile. Izinsimbi zivame ukuqhuba ngogesi, futhi ukuqhutshwa ngephutha kungadala ukuthi i-PCB yehluleke, ibambe umlilo noma incibilike. However, in some cases, a PCB with a metal substrate may be more advantageous. Insimbi ingumqhubi omuhle kakhulu wokushisa futhi ingamelana nemisinga emikhulu ngaphandle kokugqashula noma ukushisa. I-PCBS efakwe kwimishini efakwe ngogesi esebenzisa amandla amaningi ingadinga ukuthi iziqeshana zensimbi zisebenze kahle.

Imboni ithonya

Ukuvikela i-PCB ekushiseni ngokweqile, ekubambeni umlilo, noma ekubambeni umlilo, kufanele ifakwe ngci ngokwanele. The type of insulation corresponds to the type of use provided by the PCB.

Ama-PCBS we-elekhtronikhi afanele ukusetshenziswa ngama-substrate alula futhi abiza kakhulu e-FR-2 noma e-FR-4. Ama-substrates e-RF afaneleka kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya amandla amakhulu we-RF.

Izingxenye eziguquguqukayo ezifana namapulasitiki zikulungele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokufakwa kwamabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo. Izinsimbi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingabaqhubi bokushisa abahle kakhulu ngenkathi kugcinwa ama-electron kagesi epholile.