A PCB or buga kewaye hukumar yana haifar da zafi lokacin da wutar lantarki ke ratsa ta. Ba tare da rufin da ya dace ba, wannan zafin na iya haifar da manyan matsaloli ga PCBS.

Me yasa PCBS ke buƙatar rufi?

Kafin ku iya fahimtar rufin PCB, dole ne ku fahimci: Menene PCB?

PCBS, or printed circuit boards, are small green squares with copper sheets (but also in other colors). It can be found in almost any electronic device! Allon allon da aka buga yana ba da damar na’urorin lantarki su yi aiki yadda yakamata, yana mai da su muhimmin sashi na rayuwar yau da kullun. Ba tare da su ba, kwamfutoci, wayoyin tarho, talabijin da lantarki ba za su yi aiki ko wanzu ba.

Lantarki yana da ƙarfi sosai ga PCB. PCBS contain printed copper wires, so they naturally conduct electricity. Duk da haka, sassan wutar lantarki na iya haifar da haɗari idan ba a rufe su a cikin gidan da ba ya aiki ko ya yi zafi sosai. Dole ne a rufe PCB don hana lalata jan ƙarfe da rage haɗuwar haɗari da kayan aiki. Proper insulation can help prevent the PCB from overheating or exploding.

There are several ways to isolate a PCB. There are several common insulation materials, but the exact type of insulation usually depends on the application of the PCB design.

Tushen hoto: pixabay

PCB insulating abu

Kayan aikin rufin PCB na yau da kullun galibi ana yin su azaman abubuwan da ba za a iya sarrafa su ba waɗanda za a iya haɗa su a cikin yadudduka da yawa don ba da damar gudana ta gudana daidai ta cikin dukkan allon kewaye. PCBS mafi sauƙi na iya zama mai gefe ɗaya ko Layer ɗaya. Complex PCBS, such as those used for high-speed digital communications, may contain more than two dozen layers.

PCB insulation calculator can help you determine creepage distance and electrical clearance, which will be the determining factor in the exact type and quantity of insulation material. Tazarar rarrafewa ita ce mafi guntu tazara tsakanin sassan da ake gudanarwa, kuma yarda shine sinadarin da ke rarrabe ta iska maimakon madaidaicin. Understanding creepage distance and electrical clearance is essential for calculating PCB insulation.

Masu kera PCB za su iya zaɓar yin amfani da abubuwa daban-daban don ruɓewa, daga filastik masu arha kamar FR-2 zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfe kamar aluminium. The insulating material of a PCB usually determines its use. Misali, PCB a cikin abin wasa na lantarki da aka yi da arha ba zai buƙaci nau’in rufi iri ɗaya kamar PCB a cikin tauraron dan adam ba.

Don ƙarin fahimtar rufin PCB da kayan rufi, bari mu bincika nau’ikan nau’ikan gama gari na PCB guda biyar.

FR-2

Fr-2 wani zaɓi ne na laminate mai ƙanƙantar da wuta. It is made from a composite of paper and plasticized phenolic resin, making it light and durable. Allon kewaye mai gefe ɗaya galibi suna amfani da wannan kayan. FR-2 ba shi da halogen kuma hydrophobic kuma ana iya danna shi cikin sauƙi ko milled. FR-2 yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi arha zaɓuɓɓuka don rufin PCB kuma zaɓi ne na gama gari ga kamfanonin da ke kera kayan lantarki mai amfani.

FR-4

Fr-4 wani zaɓi ne na laminate mai ƙone wuta. Yana da kayan haɗin gwiwa wanda aka yi da fiberglass saka masana’anta kuma ana yawan amfani da shi wajen kera PCBS mai gefe biyu da yawa. FR-4 na iya jure yanayin zafi da matsin lamba fiye da FR-2. Hakanan kayan abu ne mai araha, yana mai sa ya zama mashahuri zaɓi ga masana’antun manyan masu amfani da kayan lantarki. FR-4 ba a kera shi da sauri ba, yana buƙatar injin milling, stamping ko kayan aikin tungsten carbide.

Mitar rediyo (rf)

An ƙera samfuran RF don ba PCBS damar yin aiki a aikace -aikace ta amfani da babban iko RF da microwave. RF substrates an fi amfani da su don PCBS da aka sanya a cikin kayan lantarki na soji, avionics da avionics. Yana da mahimmanci a lura, duk da haka, cewa wasu samfuran kayan masarufi na kayan masarufi sun ƙunshi irin wannan substrate. Filastik ɗin da ke zama madaidaicin madaidaicin RF ba sa haifar da rufi da yawa kuma suna yin kyau don aikin samar da manyan igiyoyi. RFBS da microwave PCBS galibi suna da yadudduka ɗaya ko biyu.

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Kodayake yawancin allon allon da aka buga suna lebur kuma ba su da ƙarfi, akwai wasu sabbin PCBS waɗanda za su iya lanƙwasa a kusan kowace alkibla ba tare da karyewa ba. Hanyoyi masu sassauƙa suna buƙatar iri ɗaya amma ta musamman ta rufi. M da’irori masu sassauƙa galibi ana kiyaye su tare da SPRAY na rufin PCB, ban da fim ɗin filastik zaɓi ne mai farin jini. Hanyoyi masu sassauƙa suna buƙatar murfin rufin PCB mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi don su iya tafiya da yardar kaina kuma su dace da wurare masu tsauri.

karfe

Zaɓin ƙarfe azaman insulator na iya zama abin mamaki. Ƙarfe -ƙarfe galibi ana yin su ne da wutar lantarki, kuma haɗarin haɗari na iya haifar da PCB ya kasa, kama wuta ko narkewa. However, in some cases, a PCB with a metal substrate may be more advantageous. Karfe shine madaidaicin madubin zafi kuma yana iya jure manyan ruwa ba tare da karyewa ko ƙonewa ba. PCBS da aka sanya a cikin kayan aiki da ake cajin wutar lantarki wanda ke cin wuta mai yawa na iya buƙatar faranti na ƙarfe don yin aiki yadda yakamata.

Tasirin masana’antu

Don hana PCB yin zafi fiye da kima, kama wuta, ko kama wuta, dole ne a rufe shi sosai. The type of insulation corresponds to the type of use provided by the PCB.

PCBS na lantarki na gaba-gaba sun dace don amfani tare da sauƙaƙe kuma mafi ƙarancin farashi FR-2 ko FR-4 substrates. Maƙallan RF sun fi dacewa da aikace -aikacen da suka shafi RF mai ƙarfi.

M substrates kamar filastik sun dace don saduwa da rufi bukatun m kewaye kewaye. Karfe, a gefe guda, kyakkyawan madubin zafi ne yayin da ake ajiye wutar lantarki mai sanyi.