A PCB or ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ivelisa ubushushu xa kuhamba umbane kuwo. Ngaphandle kokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo, obu bushushu bunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwi-PCBS.

Kutheni le nto iPCBS ifuna usambathiso?

Phambi kokuba uqonde ukufakwa kwe-PCB, kufuneka uqonde: Yintoni i-PCB?

PCBS, or printed circuit boards, are small green squares with copper sheets (but also in other colors). It can be found in almost any electronic device! Iibhodi zesekethe ezishicilelweyo zenza ukuba izixhobo ze-elektroniki zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, zizenze zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kodwa engabonakaliyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngaphandle kwabo, iikhompyuter, iifowuni, oomabonakude kunye nezinto zombane ngekhe zisebenze okanye zibekhona.

Umbane unamandla amakhulu kwi-PCB. PCBS contain printed copper wires, so they naturally conduct electricity. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zombane zinokubangela ingozi ukuba azifakwanga kwindlu engaqhubekiyo okanye zishushu kakhulu. I-PCB kufuneka zigqunyiwe ukuthintela umhlwa kunye nokunciphisa ukudibana ngengozi ngezinto conductive. Proper insulation can help prevent the PCB from overheating or exploding.

There are several ways to isolate a PCB. There are several common insulation materials, but the exact type of insulation usually depends on the application of the PCB design.

Umthombo wefoto: pixabay

Izinto zokwambathisa i-PCB

Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokufakelwa kwe-PCB zihlala zenziwe njengeziqwengana ezingahambelaniyo ezinokuthi zidityaniswe kunye kwimaleko emininzi ukuvumela ukugeleza ngoku ngokuchanekileyo kuyo yonke ibhodi yesekethe. I-PCBS elula inokuba lilungu elinye okanye icala elinye. Complex PCBS, such as those used for high-speed digital communications, may contain more than two dozen layers.

PCB insulation calculator can help you determine creepage distance and electrical clearance, which will be the determining factor in the exact type and quantity of insulation material. Umgama weCreepage ngumgama omfutshane phakathi kwamacandelo aqhubayo, kwaye ukucoca yinto eyahlulwe ngumoya kunendawo engaphantsi. Understanding creepage distance and electrical clearance is essential for calculating PCB insulation.

Abavelisi be-PCB banokukhetha ukusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zokwambathisa, ukusuka kwiiplastikhi ezingabizi kakhulu ezinje nge-FR-2 ukuya kwizinyithi ezirhabaxa ezifana nealuminium. The insulating material of a PCB usually determines its use. Umzekelo, i-PCB kwinto yokudlala eyenziwe ngexabiso eliphantsi ayizukufuna uhlobo olufanayo lokugquma njenge-PCB kwisathelayithi.

Ukuze siqonde ngcono PCB yokugquma kunye nezinto usambathisa, makhe sihlolisise iindlela ezintlanu zixhaphakileyo PCB yokugquma.

I-FR-2

Fr-2 lukhetho lwedangatye nekudodobalisa ukhetho laminate. It is made from a composite of paper and plasticized phenolic resin, making it light and durable. Iibhodi zesekethe ezinamacala amabini zihlala zisebenzisa le nto. I-FR-2 i-halogen-free kunye ne-hydrophobic kwaye inokucinezelwa ngokulula okanye inyibilikiswe. I-FR-2 yenye yezona ndlela zinexabiso eliphantsi zokugquma i-PCB kwaye lukhetho oluqhelekileyo kwiinkampani ezenza izinto ezilahlwayo zabathengi zombane.

I-FR-4

Fr-4 yinto ilangatye nekudodobalisa phambili ukhetho phambili. Yinto edityanisiweyo eyenziwe yelaphu eline-fiberglass kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwe-PCBS enamacala amabini kunye ne-multi-layer PCBS. I-FR-4 inokumelana namaqondo aphezulu obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomzimba kune-FR-2. Ikwayinto efikelelekayo, eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oluthandwayo kubavelisi bezixhobo zombane eziphezulu. I-FR-4 ayenziwanga ngomatshini ngokukhawuleza, efuna ukugaya, ukunyathela okanye ukwenza izixhobo ze-tungsten carbide.

Ukuhamba rhoqo kwerediyo (rf)

Imigca emincinci ye-RF yenzelwe ukuvumela ii-PCBS ukuba zisebenze kwizicelo ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu e-RF kunye ne-microwave. Imigca emincinci yeRF ixhaphake kakhulu kwiPCBS efakwe kwi-elektroniki yomkhosi, iiavionics kunye neeavionics. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezinye iimveliso zombane zabathengi ziqulathe olu hlobo lwe-substrate. Iiplastikhi ezenza isiseko sesiqhelo seRF asivelisi ubushushu obuninzi kwaye senza kakuhle umsebenzi wokuvelisa imisinga emikhulu. I-RF kunye ne-microwave PCB zihlala zinendawo enye okanye ezimbini.

nezimo

Nangona uninzi lweebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo zithe tyaba kwaye ziqinile, kukho iiPCBS ezintsha ezinokugoba phantse kulo naliphi na icala ngaphandle kokophula. Iisekethe eziguqukayo zifuna ifom efanayo kodwa eyahlukileyo yokugquma. Imijikelezo eguqukayo ihlala ikhuselwe nge-SPRAY yokugquma kwe-PCB, ukongeza kwifilimu yeplastiki lukhetho oluthandwayo. Iisekethe eziguqukayo zifuna ukutyabeka okuqinileyo kwe-PCB ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwaye zilungele iZithuba ezixineneyo.

metal

Ukukhethwa kwesinyithi njenge-insulator kunokubonakala kungaqhelekanga. Isinyithi zihlala ziqhuba ngombane, kwaye ukuqhuba ngengozi kunokubangela ukuba i-PCB isilele, ibambe umlilo okanye inyibilike. However, in some cases, a PCB with a metal substrate may be more advantageous. Isinyithi sihamba phambili sobushushu kwaye sinokumelana nomsinga omkhulu ngaphandle kokophula okanye ukutshisa. Ii-PCBS ezifakwe kwizixhobo ezihlawuliswa ngombane ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunokufuna ukuba iziqwenga zentsimbi zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Impembelelo kumzi mveliso

Ukuthintela i-PCB ekutshiseni kakhulu, ekubambeni umlilo, okanye ekubambeni umlilo, kufuneka igqunywe ngokwaneleyo. Uhlobo lokugquma luhambelana nohlobo losetyenziso olunikezwe yi-PCB.

I-PCBS ye-elektroniki enjongo ikubanzi ifanelekile ukuba isetyenziswe ngokulula kunye neendleko ezingaphezulu kwe-FR-2 okanye i-FR-4 substrates. Imigca ye-RF ilunge ngakumbi kwizicelo ezibandakanya amandla amakhulu e-RF.

Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinje ngeplastikhi zikulungele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugquma zeebhodi zesekethe eziguqukayo. Izinyithi, kwelinye icala, zezona zinto ziqhuba kakuhle kubushushu ngelixa zigcina ii-elektroni zamandla zipholile.