A PCB or gedréckt Circuit Verwaltungsrot generéiert Hëtzt wann en elektresche Stroum duerch dat leeft. Ouni richteg Isolatioun kann dës Hëtzt eeschte Probleemer fir PCBS verursaachen.

Firwat brauche PCBS Isolatioun?

Ier Dir PCB Isolatioun kënnt verstoen, musst Dir verstoen: Wat ass PCB?

PCBS, or printed circuit boards, are small green squares with copper sheets (but also in other colors). It can be found in almost any electronic device! Gedréckt Circuitboards erlaaben elektronesch Apparater richteg ze funktionnéieren, wouduerch se e wichtegen awer onsichtbare Bestanddeel vum Alldag sinn. Without them, computers, telephones, televisions and electronics would not work or exist.

Elektresch ass ganz mächteg fir PCB. PCBS contain printed copper wires, so they naturally conduct electricity. Wéi och ëmmer, elektresch Komponente kënnen eng Gefor ausmaachen wa se net an engem net-konduktive Wunneng agespaart sinn oder ze waarm ginn. De PCB muss isoléiert sinn fir Kupferkorrosioun ze vermeiden an den zoufällege Kontakt mat konduktivem Material ze reduzéieren. Proper insulation can help prevent the PCB from overheating or exploding.

There are several ways to isolate a PCB. There are several common insulation materials, but the exact type of insulation usually depends on the application of the PCB design.

Fotoquell: Pixabay

PCB Isoléiermaterial

Common PCB insulation materials are usually formed as non-conductive substrates that can be fused together in multiple layers to allow current to flow correctly through the entire circuit board. Einfacher PCBS kann eenzel oder eng Schicht sinn. Complex PCBS, such as those used for high-speed digital communications, may contain more than two dozen layers.

PCB insulation calculator can help you determine creepage distance and electrical clearance, which will be the determining factor in the exact type and quantity of insulation material. Creepage distance is the shortest distance between conductive parts, and clearance is the element separated by air rather than the substrate. Understanding creepage distance and electrical clearance is essential for calculating PCB insulation.

PCB Hiersteller kënne wielen eng Vielfalt vu verschiddene Materialien fir Isolatioun ze benotzen, vu bëllege Plastik wéi FR-2 bis robust Metaller wéi Aluminium. The insulating material of a PCB usually determines its use. For example, the PCB in a cheaply made electronic toy would not need the same type of insulation as the PCB in a satellite.

Fir d’PCB Isolatioun an d’Isolatiounsmaterial besser ze verstoen, loosst eis déi fënnef meescht üblech Forme vun PCB Isolatioun entdecken.

FR-2

Fr-2 ass eng niddereg Grad Flam retardant Laminatoptioun. It is made from a composite of paper and plasticized phenolic resin, making it light and durable. Eenseiteg Circuitboards benotzen normalerweis dëst Material. De FR-2 ass halogenfräi an hydrophob a ka liicht gedréckt oder gefriess ginn. The FR-2 is one of the cheapest options for PCB insulation and is a common choice for companies making disposable consumer electronics.

FR-4

Fr-4 ass eng fortgeschratt flamhemmend Laminatoptioun. It is a composite material made of fiberglass woven fabric and is commonly used in the manufacture of double-sided and multi-layer PCBS. De FR-4 kann méi héich Temperaturen a kierperlechen Drock widderstoen wéi de FR-2. It’s also an affordable material, making it a popular choice for manufacturers of high-end consumer electronics. The FR-4 is not machined fast, requiring milling, stamping or machined tungsten carbide tools.

Radio Frequenz (RF)

RF substrates are designed to allow PCBS to operate in applications using high power RF and microwave. RF substrates are most commonly used for PCBS installed in military electronics, avionics and avionics. It is important to note, however, that some consumer electronics products contain this type of substrate. D’Plastik, déi en typesche RF Substrat ausmaachen, generéiere net vill Isolatioun a lee gutt fir d’Aufgab fir grouss Stréim ze generéieren. RF a Mikrowelle PCBS hunn normalerweis nëmmen eng oder zwou Schichten.

flexibel

Och wann déi meescht gedréckte Circuitboards flaach a steif sinn, ginn et e puer innovativ PCBS déi a bal all Richtung béien kënnen ouni ze briechen. Flexibel Circuiten erfuerderen eng ähnlech awer eenzegaarteg Form vun Isolatioun. Flexible circuits are usually protected with A SPRAY of PCB insulation, in addition to plastic film is a popular choice. Flexibel Kreesser erfuerderen dënn, staark PCB Isolatiounsbeschichtung sou datt se fräi kënne beweegen a passen an enge Raum.

Metal

The choice of metal as an insulator may seem strange. Metalle si normalerweis elektresch konduktiv, an zoufälleg Leitung kann dozou féieren datt e PCB net klappt, brennt oder schmëlzt. However, in some cases, a PCB with a metal substrate may be more advantageous. Metall ass en exzellente Dirigent vun der Hëtzt a kann enorm Stréimunge widderstoen ouni ze briechen oder ze brennen. PCBS installed in electrically charged equipment that consumes a lot of power may require metal substrates to function effectively.

Industrie Afloss

Fir ze vermeiden datt de PCB iwwerhëtzt, brennt oder brennt, muss et adequat isoléiert sinn. The type of insulation corresponds to the type of use provided by the PCB.

Allgemeng Zweck elektronesch PCBS si gëeegent fir ze benotzen mat méi einfache a méi kosteneffektive FR-2 oder FR-4 Substrater. RF Substrater si méi gëeegent fir Uwendungen mat héijer Muecht RF.

Flexibel Substrater wéi Plastik si gutt geegent fir d’Isolatiounsufuerderunge vu flexiblen Circuitboards gerecht ze ginn. Metals, on the other hand, are excellent conductors of heat while keeping the power electrons cool.