A PCB or papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia hana i ka wela ke kahe kekahi ka uila ma loko ona. Me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoweliweli kūpono, hiki i kēia wela ke hana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi no PCBS.

No ke aha e pono ai i ka PCBS e hoʻokaʻawale?

Ma mua o ka hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻonani PCB, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo: he aha ka PCB?

PCBS, or printed circuit boards, are small green squares with copper sheets (but also in other colors). It can be found in almost any electronic device! Hiki i nā papa kaapuni paʻi ke hana pono, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea nui akā ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Me ka ʻole o lākou, kamepiula, kelepona, kīwī a me uila uila ʻaʻole e holo a ola paha.

He mana loa ka uila no PCB. PCBS contain printed copper wires, so they naturally conduct electricity. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā mea uila ke hoʻoweliweli inā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi hale conductive a wela paha. Pono e insulated ka PCB e pale aku i ka hoʻowahāwahā keleawe a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka launa ʻole ʻana me nā mea conductive. Proper insulation can help prevent the PCB from overheating or exploding.

There are several ways to isolate a PCB. There are several common insulation materials, but the exact type of insulation usually depends on the application of the PCB design.

Puna kiʻi: pixabay

PCB insulate mea

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻoluʻu PCB ma ke ʻano he substrates non-conductive i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā papa he nui e ʻae pololei i kēia kahe ma o ka papa kaapuni holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka PCBS maʻalahi ke lilo i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao a i hoʻokahi pale. Complex PCBS, such as those used for high-speed digital communications, may contain more than two dozen layers.

PCB insulation calculator can help you determine creepage distance and electrical clearance, which will be the determining factor in the exact type and quantity of insulation material. ʻO ka mamao Creepage ka wahi pōkole loa ma waena o nā ʻāpana conductive, a ʻo ka ʻae ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ea ma mua o ka substrate. Understanding creepage distance and electrical clearance is essential for calculating PCB insulation.

Hiki i nā mea hana PCB ke koho e hoʻohana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole no ka hoʻīpī, mai nā plastics kumukūʻai e like me FR-2 i nā metala paʻakikī e like me ka alumini. The insulating material of a PCB usually determines its use. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole pono ka PCB i kahi mea pāʻani uila i hana maʻalahi ʻia i ke ʻano insulate e like me ka PCB ma kahi ukali.

I mea e ʻike pono ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana o PCB a me nā mea hoʻokiwikā, e ʻimi kākou i nā ʻano maʻamau he ʻelima o ka hoʻonani PCB.

FR-2-AE

ʻO Fr-2 kahi koho laminate lardate lapalapa haʻahaʻa. It is made from a composite of paper and plasticized phenolic resin, making it light and durable. Hoʻohana maʻamau nā papa kaapuni ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi i kēia mea. ʻO ka FR-2 he halogen-free a he hydrophobic a hiki ke kaomi maʻalahi a wili ʻia paha. ʻO ka FR-2 kekahi o nā koho makepono loa no ka hoʻonani PCB a he koho maʻamau ia no nā ʻoihana e hana ana i ka uila uila mea hoʻohana.

FR-4-AE

ʻO Fr-4 kahi koho laminate laminate lapalapa ahi holomua. He mea hui ia i hana ʻia me ka lole ulana fiberglass a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana i PCBS pālua a me nā ʻāpana he nui. Hiki i ka FR-4 ke kū i ke ana wela a me nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka FR-2. He mea uku hoʻi ia, e koho ana ia i mea koho no nā mea hana uila uila kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole wikiwiki ka FR-4, e koi ana i ka wili, hahi ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​mīkini tungsten carbide pono hana.

ʻO ke alapine radio (RF)

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā substrates RF e ʻae iā PCBS e hana i nā noi e hoʻohana ana i ka RF kiʻekiʻe a me ka hawewe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā substrates RF no PCBS i hoʻonoho ʻia i nā uila uila, nā avionics a me nā avionics. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo, eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau huahana uila uila i kēia ʻano substrate. ʻAʻole hana nā plastics i kahi substrate RF maʻamau i ka nui o ka hoʻonani a hana maikaʻi no ka hana o ka hana i nā kahawai nui. ʻO ka RF a me ka microwave PCBS he hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau papa.

‘ōlewa

ʻOiai pālahalaha a paʻakikī hoʻi ka hapa nui o nā papa kaapuni, aia kekahi mau PCBS hou e hiki ke piʻo i nā ʻaoʻao āpau me ka haki ʻole. Pono nā kaapuni maʻalahi i kahi ʻano like akā ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻokiʻoki. Pale pale pinepine ʻia nā kaʻa uila maʻalahi me kahi SPRAY o ka hoʻonani PCB, a ʻoi aku ka pīʻani palakiko kahi koho i makemake nui ʻia. Pono nā kaapuni maʻalahi i ka lahilahi, PCB hoʻoluʻu uhi e hiki ai iā lākou ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa a kūpono i nā Spaces paʻa.

mea hiki ke hooheheeia

He mea ʻē paha ke koho ʻana o ka metala ma ke ʻano he insulator. Kūleʻa uila nā mea hao, a hiki i ka lawe ʻana me ka pōʻino ke kumu i ʻole e pio ka PCB, loaʻa i ke ahi a hoʻoheheʻe paha. However, in some cases, a PCB with a metal substrate may be more advantageous. He mea alakaʻi maikaʻi loa ʻo Metal i ka wela a hiki ke kū i ke au nui me ka haki ʻole a kuni paha. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo PCBS i nā pono uila e hoʻopau i ka nui o ka mana e koi paha i nā substrates metala e hana pono.

Hoʻoikaika ʻoihana

I mea e pale aku ai i ka PCB mai ka wela ʻana, ka hopu ʻana i ke ahi, a i ʻole ke kiʻi ʻana i ke ahi, pono e insulated lawa. Kūlike ke ʻano o ka insulation i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana i hāʻawi ʻia e ka PCB.

Kūpono nā PCBS uila laulaha no ka hoʻohana me nā substrates FR-2 a i ʻole FR-4 i ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai. ʻOi aku ka kūpono o nā substrates RF no nā noi e pili ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe RF.

Hoʻohui kūpono ʻia nā substrates maʻalahi e like me nā plastics e kū i nā koi hoʻīpī o nā papa kaapuni maʻalahi. ʻO nā metala, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he alakaʻi maikaʻi loa i ka wela ke mālama nei i nā uila uila.