Momwe mungachepetsere crosstalk pakupanga kwa PCB?
Crosstalk ndikulumikiza mwangozi ma elekitiromagineti pakati pazotsatira bolodi losindikizidwa. Kuphatikizikaku kungapangitse kuti ma siginecha amtundu wina apitirire kukhulupirika kwamtundu wina, ngakhale atakhala kuti sakukhudzana. Izi zimachitika pamene mipata pakati pa zolozera zofananira imakhala yolimba. Ngakhale mipata ingasungidwe pang’onopang’ono kuti ipangidwe, ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira pazifukwa zamagetsi.

Ganizirani zizindikiro ziwiri zomwe zikufanana. Ngati chizindikiro chosiyanitsa mumndandanda umodzi chili ndi matalikidwe okulirapo kuposa njira ina, imatha kukhudzanso mayendedwe ena. Kenako, chizindikiro chomwe chili munjira ya “wozunzidwa” chidzayamba kutsanzira mawonekedwe a woukirayo, m’malo mochita chizindikiro chake. Izi zikachitika, crosstalk idzachitika.

Crosstalk nthawi zambiri imawonedwa kuti imachitika pakati pa mayendedwe awiri ofanana moyandikana wina ndi mnzake pamzere womwewo. Komabe, crosstalk imakonda kuchitika pakati pa mizere iwiri yofananira moyandikana ndi zigawo zoyandikana. Izi zimatchedwa kulumikiza kwapakatikati ndipo ndizotheka kuchitika chifukwa zigawo ziwiri zoyandikana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makulidwe ochepa kwambiri apakati. Kuchuluka kwake kumatha kukhala 4 mils (0.1 mm), nthawi zina kuchepera kusiyana pakati pa mipata iwiri pamzere womwewo.

Mipata yoti mufufuze kuti muchotse crosstalk nthawi zambiri imakhala yokulirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse

Chotsani kuthekera kwa crosstalk pakupanga
Mwamwayi, simuli pa chifundo cha zokambirana. Popanga gulu lozungulira kuti muchepetse crosstalk, mutha kupewa mavutowa. Zotsatirazi ndi njira zina zopangira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuthetsa kuthekera kwa crosstalk pa board board:

Sungani mtunda wautali momwe mungathere pakati pa masiyanidwe awiriwa ndi ma siginoloji ena. Lamulo la chala chachikulu ndi gap = 3 kuwirikiza m’lifupi mwake.

Sungani kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kungatheke pakati pa mawotchi ndi njira zina zamakina. Mpata womwewo = 3 kuwirikiza kawiri lamulo la chala chachikulu pakufufuza m’lifupi limagwiranso ntchito pano.

Sungani mtunda wautali momwe mungathere pakati pa magulu awiri osiyana. Lamulo la chala chachikulu apa ndi lokulirapo pang’ono, kusiyana = kuchulukitsa ka 5 m’lifupi mwake.

Zizindikiro za Asynchronous (monga RESET, INTERRUPT, etc.) ziyenera kukhala kutali ndi basi ndipo zikhale ndi zizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri. Zitha kuyendetsedwa pafupi ndi kuyatsa kapena kuzimitsa kapena kuyatsa ma siginecha, chifukwa ma siginechawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakayendetsedwe kabwino ka bolodi.

Kuwonetsetsa kuti zigawo ziwiri zoyandikana za ma siginecha zisinthana pagulu la boardboard zidzasintha njira zopingasa komanso zoyima. Izi zidzachepetsa kuthekera kwa kulumikiza kwa mbali zotakata, chifukwa zotsatizana siziloledwa kukulitsa kufanana pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake.

Njira yabwino yochepetsera kuphatikizika komwe kungachitike pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zoyandikana ndikulekanitsa zigawozo kuchokera pagawo la ndege pansi pakati pawo mu kachitidwe ka microstrip. Ndege yapansi sidzangowonjezera mtunda pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za chizindikiro, idzaperekanso njira yobwerera yofunikira ya chizindikiro cha chizindikiro.

Zida zanu zamapangidwe a PCB ndi mapulogalamu ena a chipani chachitatu atha kukuthandizani kuti muchotse crosstalk

Momwe mapulogalamu anu amapangira angakuthandizireni kuchotsa crosstalk pamapangidwe othamanga kwambiri a PCB
Chida chopangira PCB chili ndi zinthu zambiri zomangidwira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupewa kusokonezana pamapangidwe anu. Pofotokoza mayendedwe ndikupanga milu ya ma microstrip, malamulo osanjikiza a bolodi adzakuthandizani kupewa kulumikizana kotakataka. Pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo amtundu wa netiweki, mudzatha kugawa nthawi zokulirapo kumagulu amanetiweki omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha crosstalk. Ma routers osiyana amatsata ma awiriawiri ngati mawiri enieni m’malo mowawongolera payekhapayekha. Izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale malo ofunikira pakati pa ma trace osiyanitsira ndi ma netiweki ena kuti apewe kusokonezana.

Kuwonjezera ntchito anamanga-mu PCB mapangidwe mapulogalamu, pali zida zina zimene zingakuthandizeni kuthetsa crosstalk mu mkulu-liwiro PCB mapangidwe. Pali zowerengera zosiyanasiyana za crosstalk kuti zikuthandizeni kudziwa m’lifupi mwake ndi malo olowera. Palinso siginecha yoyeserera yowunikira kuti muwone ngati mapangidwe anu ali ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike.

Ngati kuloledwa kuchitika, crosstalk ikhoza kukhala vuto lalikulu pama board osindikizidwa. Tsopano popeza mukudziwa zomwe muyenera kuyang’ana, mudzakhala okonzeka kupewa crosstalk kuti isachitike. Njira zamapangidwe zomwe timakambirana pano komanso mawonekedwe a pulogalamu yamapangidwe a PCB zikuthandizani kupanga mapangidwe opanda mawu.