Unganciphisa kanjani i-crosstalk ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB?
I-Crosstalk ihlanganisa i-electromagnetic engahlosile phakathi kokulandela umkhondo ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe. Lokhu kuhlangana kungabangela ukuthi ama-pulses wesignali we-track eyodwa eqe ubuqotho besignali bomunye umkhondo, ngisho noma bengaxhumene ngokomzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isikhala phakathi kwamathrekhi ahambisanayo siqinile. Noma imikhondo ingase igcinwe endaweni encane ngokwezinjongo zokukhiqiza, ingase inganele ngezinjongo zozibuthe.

Cabangela imikhondo emibili ehambisanayo. Uma isignali ehlukile kumkhondo owodwa ine-amplitude enkulu kunomunye umkhondo, ingaba nomthelela omuhle komunye umkhondo. Khona-ke, isignali kumzila “wesisulu” sizoqala ukulingisa izici zomzila womhlukumezi, esikhundleni sokwenza isignali yaso. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-crosstalk izokwenzeka.

I-Crosstalk ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengeyenzeka phakathi kwamathrekhi amabili ahambisanayo asondelene esendlalelo esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, i-crosstalk cishe ingenzeka phakathi kokulandela umkhondo okubili okuhambisanayo ezindlaleni eziseduze. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-broadside coupling futhi maningi amathuba okuthi kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi izendlalelo zesignali ezimbili eziseduze zihlukaniswa inani elincane kakhulu lokujiya okuyisisekelo. Ugqinsi lungaba amamilimitha angu-4 (0.1 mm), ngezinye izikhathi lube ngaphansi kwesikhala phakathi kwamathrekhi amabili ongqimba olufanayo.

Isikhala sokulandelela sokususa i-crosstalk ngokuvamile sikhulu kunezimfuneko ezivamile zesikhala sokulandelela

Susa amathuba e-crosstalk ekwakhiweni
Ngenhlanhla, awukho emseni wezinkulumo eziphambene. Ngokuklama ibhodi lesifunda ukuze unciphise i-crosstalk, ungagwema lezi zinkinga. Okulandelayo amanye amasu okuklama angakusiza ukuqeda amathuba e-crosstalk ebhodini lesifunda:

Gcina ibanga elide ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kokupheya okuhlukile nokunye umzila wesignali. Umthetho wesithupha yigebe = izikhathi ezi-3 kunobubanzi bokulandelela.

Gcina umehluko omkhulu ongaba khona phakathi komzila wewashi nokunye umzila wesignali. Igebe elifanayo = izikhathi ezi-3 umthetho wesithupha wobubanzi bokulandelela nawo uyasebenza lapha.

Gcina ibanga elide ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kwamapheya ahlukene. Umthetho wesithupha lapha mkhulu kancane, igebe = izikhathi ezi-5 ububanzi bokulandelela.

Amasignali asynchronous (afana ne-RESET, INTERRUPT, njll.) kufanele abe kude nebhasi futhi abe namasignali anesivinini esikhulu. Zingahanjiswa eduze kwezimpawu zokuvula noma zokuvala noma zamandla, ngoba lezi zimpawu azivamile ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kwebhodi lesifunda.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingqimba zesignali ezimbili ezincikene ziyashintshana esinye nesinye kusitaki sebhodi lesekethe kuzoshintshana izikhombisi-ndlela zomzila ezivundlile nezime mpo. Lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okuhlanganisa i-broadside coupling, njengoba imikhondo ayivunyelwe ukunwebeka ngokuhambisanayo phezu komunye nomunye.

Indlela engcono yokunciphisa i-crosstalk engaba khona phakathi kwezingqimba zesignali ezimbili eziseduze iwukuhlukanisa izendlalelo kusuka kungqimba lwendiza yaphansi phakathi kwazo ekucushweni kwe-microstrip. Indiza yaphansi ngeke nje yandise ibanga phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zesignali, izophinde inikeze indlela yokubuyisela edingekayo yongqimba lwesignali.

Amathuluzi akho edizayini ye-PCB nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle zingakusiza ukuthi uqede ukukhuluma

I-software yakho yokuklama ingakusiza kanjani ukuthi ususe i-crosstalk ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB enesivinini esikhulu
Ithuluzi lokuklama le-PCB linezici eziningi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezingakusiza ugweme ukuxoxisana ekwakhiweni kwakho. Ngokucacisa izikhombisi-ndlela zomzila nokudala izitaki ze-microstrip, imithetho yesendlalelo sebhodi izokusiza ukuthi ugweme ukuhlanganisa okubanzi. Usebenzisa imithetho yohlobo lwenethiwekhi, uzokwazi ukwabela izikhawu zokulandelela ezinkulu emaqenjini amanethiwekhi asengozini enkulu yokuba ne-crosstalk. Ama-routers ahlukene ahambisa ngamapheya ahlukile njengamapheya angempela esikhundleni sokuwahambisa ngawodwana. Lokhu kuzogcina isikhala esidingekayo phakathi kokulandela okuhamba ngakubili okuhlukile namanye amanethiwekhi ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana.

Ngokungeziwe emisebenzini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yesofthiwe yedizayini ye-PCB, akhona amanye amathuluzi angakusiza ukuqeda i-crosstalk ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB enesivinini esikhulu. Kunezibali ezahlukene ze-crosstalk ukukusiza ukuthi unqume ububanzi bokulandelela obufanele kanye nesikhala somzila. Kukhona futhi isifanisi sobuqotho sesignali sokuhlaziya ukuthi umklamo wakho unezinkinga ezingaba khona ze-crosstalk.

Uma kuvunyelwe ukuthi kwenzeke, i-crosstalk ingaba yinkinga enkulu kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe. Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke, uzobe usulungele ukuvimbela i-crosstalk ukuthi ingenzeki. Amasu okuklama esixoxa ngawo lapha kanye nezici zesofthiwe yokuklama ye-PCB kuzokusiza ukuthi udale imiklamo engena-crosstalk.