ngakhale bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) wiring imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamabwalo othamanga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imakhala imodzi mwamasitepe omaliza pamapangidwe ozungulira. Pali mbali zambiri za waya wothamanga kwambiri wa PCB. Pali zolemba zambiri pamutuwu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza makamaka mavuto a mawaya a mabwalo othamanga kwambiri kuchokera pamalingaliro othandiza. Cholinga chachikulu ndi kuthandiza owerenga atsopano kulabadira nkhani zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimene ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga mkulu-liwiro dera PCB mawaya. Cholinga china ndi kupereka zinthu review kwa makasitomala amene sanakhudze PCB mawaya kwa kanthawi. Zochepa ndi kamangidwe ka nkhaniyo, nkhaniyi siyingakambirane mwatsatanetsatane nkhani zonse, koma nkhaniyi ifotokoza mbali zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ikukamba za mabwalo okhudzana ndi ma amplifiers othamanga kwambiri, nkhani ndi njira zomwe zafotokozedwa m’nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito pa mawaya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mabwalo ena othamanga kwambiri. Pamene amplifier yogwira ntchito ikugwira ntchito mu band ya frequency frequency (RF) yapamwamba kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito amatengera mawonekedwe a PCB. Mapangidwe apamwamba ozungulira omwe amawoneka bwino pachojambula amatha kupeza ntchito wamba ngati akhudzidwa ndi mawaya osasamala komanso osasamala. Chifukwa chake, kuwunika koyambirira ndi chidwi pazambiri zofunika panthawi yonse yolumikizira ma waya kumathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti dera likuyenda bwino. Schematic Ngakhale schematic yabwino sikutsimikizira mawaya abwino, waya wabwino amayamba ndi chiwembu chabwino. Pojambula chithunzi chojambula, tiyenera kuganizira mozama, ndipo tiyenera kuganizira momwe chizindikiro cha dera lonse chikuyendera. Ngati pali kuyenderera kwa siginecha yabwinobwino komanso yokhazikika kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja mu schematic, ndiye kuti payenera kukhala kuyenda kwabwino kofananako pa PCB. Perekani zambiri zothandiza momwe mungathere pa chiwonetserochi. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngakhale zovuta zina sizingathetsedwe ndi injiniya wokonza dera, makasitomala amathanso kufunafuna njira zina zothandizira kuthetsa mavuto adera. Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiritso zodziwika bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso kulekerera zolakwika, ndi chidziwitso chiti chinanso chomwe chiyenera kuperekedwa mu schematic? Zotsatirazi zipereka malingaliro osinthira schematics wamba kukhala ma schematics abwino kwambiri. Onjezani mawonekedwe a mafunde, zambiri zamakina za casing, kutalika kwa mizere yosindikizidwa, ndi malo opanda kanthu; onetsani zigawo zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa pa PCB; perekani zidziwitso zosintha, magawo azinthu, zambiri zakuwonongeka kwa kutentha, kuwongolera mizere yosindikizidwa, ndemanga, ndi mabwalo achidule Mafotokozedwe a zochita ndi zina, ndi zina. Musakhulupirire kuti ngati simukupanga mawaya nokha, muyenera kulola nthawi yokwanira kuti mufufuze mosamala kapangidwe kake. Kupewa pang’ono kumatha kukhala koyenera kuwirikiza kawiri. Musamayembekezere kuti woyimbayo amvetsetse malingaliro a wopanga. Malingaliro oyambirira ndi chitsogozo pakupanga ma waya ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zambiri zomwe zitha kuperekedwa, komanso kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi njira yonse yolumikizira ma waya, ndiye kuti PCB yotsatira idzakhala yabwino. Khazikitsani malo ongomaliza a wopanga ma waya, ndipo fufuzani mwachangu malinga ndi lipoti lomwe mukufuna. Njira yotseka yotsekayi imatha kuletsa mawaya kuti asasokere, potero kuchepetsa kuthekera kokonzanso. Malangizo omwe akuyenera kuperekedwa kwa mainjiniya opanga ma waya akuphatikizapo: kufotokozera mwachidule za ntchito yozungulira, chithunzi cha PCB chosonyeza malo omwe alowetsedwa ndi kutulutsa, zambiri za PCB zosungira (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa bolodi, magawo angati) pali, zambiri zamtundu uliwonse wa chizindikiro ndi ndege yapansi: kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, Waya wapansi, chizindikiro cha analogi, chizindikiro cha digito ndi chizindikiro cha RF, etc.); zizindikiro zomwe zimafunikira pagawo lililonse; kuyika kwa zigawo zofunika kumafunika; malo enieni a zigawo za bypass; mizere yosindikizidwa ndiyofunikira; mizere yomwe imayenera kuwongolera mizere yosindikizidwa ya impedance; Ndi mizere iti yomwe ikufunika kuti ifanane ndi kutalika kwake; kukula kwa zigawo; mizere yosindikizidwa iyenera kukhala yotalikirana (kapena kuyandikira); mizere yomwe iyenera kukhala yotalikirana (kapena kuyandikira); zomwe zigawo ziyenera kukhala kutali ndi mzake (kapena pafupi); zigawo zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa pa PCB Pamwambapa, zomwe zayikidwa pansipa. Akatswiri opanga ma wiring sangadandaule za zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa. There is never too much information. Kenako, ndigawana zomwe ndikuphunzira: pafupifupi zaka 10 zapitazo, ndidapanga pulojekiti yopangira ma multilayer surface mount circuit board yokhala ndi zigawo mbali zonse za board board. Gwiritsani ntchito zomangira zambiri kukonza bolodi mu nyumba ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi golide (chifukwa pali miyezo yolimba kwambiri yoletsa kugwedezeka). Zikhomo zomwe zimapereka chakudya chokondera zimadutsa pa bolodi. Pini iyi imalumikizidwa ndi PCB ndi mawaya a soldering. Ichi ndi chipangizo chovuta kwambiri. Some components on the board are used for test setting (SAT). Koma injiniya wafotokoza momveka bwino malo a zigawozi. Kodi zigawozi zimayikidwa kuti? Pansi pa bolodi. Akatswiri opanga zinthu ndi akatswiri akuyenera kusokoneza chipangizo chonsecho ndikuchiphatikizanso akamaliza zoikamo, njirayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Therefore, such errors must be minimized as much as possible. Position is just like in the PCB, position is everything. Kumene mungayike dera pa PCB, komwe mungayikitsire zigawo zake zapadera, ndi mabwalo ena oyandikana nawo, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, malo olowera, zotulutsa, ndi magetsi amakonzedweratu, koma mabwalo omwe ali pakati pawo amafunika kukhala opanga. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutchera khutu pazambiri zamawaya kudzakhudza kwambiri kupanga kotsatira. Yambani ndi malo a zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kuganizira dera yeniyeni ndi PCB lonse. Kufotokozera malo a zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi njira ya chizindikiro kuyambira pachiyambi kumathandiza kuti mapangidwewo akwaniritse zolinga zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Kupeza kapangidwe koyenera kamodzi kungachepetse ndalama ndi kukakamiza, motero kufupikitsa kuzungulira kwachitukuko. Kuyika magetsi odutsa kumapeto kwa mphamvu ya amplifier kuti muchepetse phokoso ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapangidwe a PCB, kuphatikiza ma amplifiers othamanga kwambiri ndi mabwalo ena othamanga kwambiri. Pali njira ziwiri zosinthira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podutsa ma amplifiers othamanga kwambiri. * Njira iyi yokhazikitsira potengera magetsi ndiyo imakhala yothandiza kwambiri nthawi zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor angapo ofanana kuti atsike mwachindunji pini yamagetsi ya amplifier yogwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, ma capacitor awiri ofanana ndi okwanira, koma kuwonjezera ma capacitor ofanana kumatha kubweretsa phindu kumadera ena. Kulumikizana kofananira kwa ma capacitor okhala ndi ma capacitance osiyanasiyana kumathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti pini yamagetsi imakhala ndi cholumikizira chotsika kwambiri (AC) pa bandi yayikulu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya amplifier power supply rejection ratio (PSR). Capacitor iyi imathandizira kubweza PSR yochepetsedwa ya amplifier. Kusunga njira yochepetsetsa yotsika m’magawo ambiri a ma octave khumi kudzathandizira kuonetsetsa kuti phokoso loyipa silingalowe mu op amp. (Chithunzi 1) chikuwonetsa ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor angapo mofanana. Pama frequency otsika, ma capacitor akulu amapereka njira yotsika yoyimitsa. Koma ma frequency akafika pafupipafupi pawokha, kuyanjana kwa capacitor kumakhala kofooka ndipo pang’onopang’ono kumawoneka ngati kosangalatsa.