Nangona ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (I-PCB) i-wiring idlala indima ephambili kwiisekethe zesantya esiphezulu, idla ngokuba yinto enye yamanyathelo okugqibela kwinkqubo yoyilo lwesekethe. Kukho imiba emininzi yocingo lwePCB enesantya esiphezulu. Kukho uncwadi oluninzi malunga nesi sihloko ukuze ubhekiselele. Eli nqaku lixubusha ngokubanzi iingxaki ze-wiring yeesekethe zesantya esiphezulu ukusuka kwindawo ebonakalayo. Eyona njongo iphambili kukunceda abasebenzisi abatsha ukuba banikele ingqalelo kwimiba emininzi eyahlukeneyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kuyilwa iingcingo zesekethe yePCB enesantya esiphezulu. Enye injongo kukubonelela ngezinto zophononongo kubathengi abangakhange bachukumise iintambo zePCB kangangexesha elithile. Ukukhawulelana nokuhlelwa kwenqaku, eli nqaku alikwazi ukuxubusha yonke imiba ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa inqaku liza kuxubusha amacandelo abalulekileyo anempembelelo enkulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwesiphaluka, ukunciphisa ixesha loyilo, kunye nokugcina ixesha lokuguqulwa.

Nangona eli nqaku ligxininisa kwiisekethe ezinxulumene ne-high-speed amplifiers yokusebenza, imiba kunye neendlela ezixutyushwa kweli nqaku zisebenza ngokubanzi kwi-wiring esetyenziswe kwezinye iisekethe ze-analog zesantya esiphezulu. Xa iamplifier esebenzayo isebenza kwibhendi yefrikhwensi yerediyo ephezulu kakhulu (RF), ukusebenza kwesekethe kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuyilo lwePCB. Uyilo lwesekethe oluphezulu olubukeka luhle kumzobo lunokufumana kuphela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo ukuba luchatshazelwa yi-wiring yokungakhathali kunye nokungakhathali. Ngoko ke, ukuqwalaselwa kwangaphambili kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwiinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yonke yocingo kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesiphaluka esilindelekileyo. I-Schematic Nangona iskimu esilungileyo singaqinisekisi i-wiring elungileyo, i-wiring elungileyo iqala nge-schematic elungileyo. Xa udweba umzobo weskimu, kufuneka sicinge ngokucophelela, kwaye kufuneka siqwalasele isalathiso somqondiso wesiphaluka sonke. Ukuba kukho ukuhamba komqondiso oqhelekileyo kunye nozinzile ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene kwi-schematic, ngoko kufuneka kubekho ukuhamba kakuhle kwesignali ngokulinganayo kwi-PCB. Nika ulwazi oluncedo kangangoko kwisikimu. Ngale ndlela, nokuba ezinye iingxaki azinakusonjululwa yinjineli yoyilo lwesekethe, abathengi banokufuna ezinye iindlela zokunceda ukusombulula iingxaki zesekethe. Ukongeza kwizalathisi eziqhelekileyo zereferensi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokunyamezela iimpazamo, loluphi olunye ulwazi ekufuneka lunikezelwe kwisikimu? Oku kulandelayo kuya kunika iingcebiso zokuguqula iischematics eziqhelekileyo zibe zezona zicwangciso zingcono. Yongeza i-waveforms, ulwazi lomatshini malunga ne-casing, ubude bemigca eprintiweyo, kunye neendawo ezingenanto; bonisa ukuba ngawaphi amacandelo ekufuneka abekwe kwi-PCB; ukunika ulwazi lohlengahlengiso, uluhlu lwexabiso lecandelo, ulwazi lokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, ukulawula imigca eprintiweyo yokuthintela, izimvo, kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane Inkcazo yesenzo kunye nolunye ulwazi, njl. Musa ukukholelwa ukuba xa ungayila i-wiring ngokwakho, kufuneka uvumele ixesha elaneleyo lokujonga ngononophelo uyilo lomntu wocingo. Ukuthintela okuncinci kunokuxabisa amaxesha alikhulu kunyango. Musa ukulindela ukuba umntu wocingo aqonde iingcamango zomyili. Iimbono zangaphambili kunye nesikhokelo kwinkqubo yoyilo lwe-wiring yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ulwazi oluninzi olunokunikezelwa, kunye nokubandakanyeka ngakumbi kuyo yonke inkqubo yocingo, ngcono i-PCB enesiphumo iya kuba. Cwangcisa indawo yokugqiba i-tentative ye-injineli yoyilo lwe-wiring, kwaye ukhangele ngokukhawuleza ngokwengxelo yenkqubela phambili yocingo olufunekayo. Le ndlela ye-loop evaliweyo inokuthintela i-wiring ukuba ingalahleki, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ithuba lokuyilwa kwakhona. Imiyalelo ekufuneka inikwe injineli yocingo ibandakanya: inkcazo emfutshane yomsebenzi wesekethe, umzobo wenkqubo yePCB ebonisa indawo yegalelo nemveliso, ulwazi lokupakisha lwePCB (umzekelo, ukuba ibhodi ingqindilili kangakanani, zingaphi iileya kukho, ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nomgangatho womqondiso ngamnye kunye nenqwelomoya ephantsi: ukusetyenziswa kwamandla , ucingo olusezantsi, umqondiso we-analog, umqondiso wedijithali kunye nomqondiso weRF, njl.); yeyiphi imiqondiso efunekayo kumaleko ngamnye; ukubekwa kwamacandelo abalulekileyo kuyafuneka; indawo ngqo yamacandelo odlulayo; loo migca ishicilelweyo ibalulekile; yeyiphi imigca efuna ukulawula imigca eprintiweyo yokuthintela; Yeyiphi imigca ekufuneka ihambelane nobude; ubungakanani bamacandelo; yeyiphi imigca eprintiweyo kufuneka ibe kude enye kwenye (okanye isondele); yeyiphi imigca efuna ukuba kude enye kwenye (okanye isondele); ngawaphi amacandelo kufuneka abe kude omnye komnye (okanye asondele); ngawaphi amalungu afuna ukubekwa kwi-PCB Phezulu, zeziphi ezibekwe ngezantsi. Iinjineli zokuyila iintambo azinakuze akhalaze malunga nolwazi oluninzi olufuna ukunikwa. Akukho lwazi luninzi kakhulu. Okulandelayo, ndiza kubelana ngamava okufunda: malunga neminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo, ndenze iprojekthi yoyilo lwebhodi yesekethe ye-multi-layer surface Mount enamalungu kumacala omabini ebhodi yesekethe. Sebenzisa izikrufu ezininzi ukulungisa ibhodi kwindlu ye-aluminiyam efakwe ngegolide (kuba kukho imigangatho engqongqo kakhulu yokumelana nokothuka). Izikhonkwane ezibonelela ngesondlo somkhethe zidlula ebhodini. Le phini iqhagamshelwe kwi-PCB ngeengcingo ze-soldering. Esi sisixhobo esinzima kakhulu. Some components on the board are used for test setting (SAT). Kodwa injineli iyichaze ngokucacileyo indawo ezikuyo ezi zixhobo. Zifakwe phi ezi nxalenye? Ngaphantsi nje kwebhodi. Xa iinjineli zemveliso kunye neengcali kufuneka zidibanise isixhobo sonke kwaye ziphinde zidibanise emva kokugqiba izicwangciso, le nkqubo iba nzima kakhulu. Therefore, such errors must be minimized as much as possible. Position is just like in the PCB, position is everything. Indawo yokubeka isekethe kwi-PCB, apho ukufakwa khona amacandelo athile esekethe, kwaye zeziphi ezinye iisekethe ezikufutshane, zonke ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izikhundla zegalelo, imveliso, kunye nonikezelo lwamandla zimiselwa kwangaphambili, kodwa iisekethe phakathi kwazo kufuneka zibe nobuchule. Yingakho ukubeka ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha ze-wiring kuya kuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwimveliso elandelayo. Qala ngendawo yamacandelo aphambili kwaye uqwalasele isekethe ethile kunye nePCB yonke. Ukucacisa indawo yamacandelo abalulekileyo kunye nendlela yomqondiso ukususela ekuqaleni inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lufezekisa iinjongo zomsebenzi ezilindelekileyo. Ukufumana uyilo olufanelekileyo kanye kunokunciphisa iindleko kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye ngoko unciphise umjikelo wophuhliso. Unikezelo lwamandla ombane odlulayo Ukuseta unikezelo lwamandla ombane ekuphelisweni kwamandla eamplifier ukunciphisa ingxolo lukhokelo olubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yoyilo lwePCB, kubandakanywa iamplifiers ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nezinye iisekethe ezinesantya esiphezulu. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zoqwalaselo eziqhelekileyo zokugqitha i-amplifiers ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu. * Le ndlela yokumisa i-terminal yobonelelo lombane yeyona isebenzayo kwiimeko ezininzi, kusetyenziswa ii-parallel capacitors ezininzi ukumisa ngokuthe ngqo iphini lonikezelo lombane le-amplifier esebenzayo. Ngokubanzi, ii-capacitors ezimbini ezihambelanayo zanele, kodwa ukongeza i-parallel capacitors kunokuzisa izibonelelo kwezinye iisekethe. Uqhagamshelo olunxuseneyo lwee-capacitors ezinamaxabiso ahlukeneyo omthamo kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iphini yonikezelo lwamandla ine-impedance esezantsi kakhulu (AC) ngaphezulu kwebhendi ebanzi. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwi-attenuation frequency of operational amplifier power rejection ratio (PSR). Le capacitor inceda ukuhlawulela i-PSR encitshisiweyo ye-amplifier. Ukugcina indlela ephantsi ye-impedance yomhlaba kwiindawo ezininzi ze-octave ezilishumi kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingxolo enobungozi ayinakungena kwi-op amp. (Umfanekiso 1) ubonisa iingenelo zokusebenzisa ii-capacitors ezininzi ngokufanayo. Kwii-frequencies eziphantsi, ii-capacitors ezinkulu zibonelela ngendlela ephantsi ye-impedance yomhlaba. Kodwa nje ukuba i-frequency ifikelele kwi-resonant frequency, ukuhambelana kwe-capacitor kuya kuba buthathaka kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe kubonakale kusenza.