PCB bolodi kapangidwe kamayenera kupereka chidziwitso:

(1) Chithunzithunzi: mawonekedwe athunthu amagetsi omwe amatha kupanga mndandanda woyenera (netlist);

(2) Kukula kwamakina: kupereka chizindikiritso cha malo ake ndikuwongolera komwe kuli, komanso kuzindikira malo okwera kutalika;

(3) mndandanda wa BOM: imasankha ndikuwunika zomwe zatchulidwazi pazida zomwe zili pachithunzichi;

(4) Chitsogozo cha zingwe: kufotokozera zofunikira pazizindikiro zenizeni, komanso impedance, lamination ndi zofunikira zina pakupanga.

Njira yayikulu yopangira bolodi ya PCB ndi iyi:

Konzani – & gt; Kapangidwe ka PCB – & GT; Makhalidwe a PCB – & GT; Kulumikizana – & gt; Kukhathamiritsa ndi chophimba -> Kuyendera kwa Network ndi DRC ndikuwunika kwamangidwe -> PCB bolodi.

1: Kukonzekera koyambirira

1) Izi zikuphatikiza kukonzekera malaibulale osiyanasiyana ndi masamu. “Ngati ufuna kuchita chinthu chabwino, uyenera kukonza zida zako poyamba.” Kuti mupange bolodi labwino, kuphatikiza pakupanga mfundo, muyenera kujambula bwino. Musanapange kapangidwe ka PCB, muyenera konzekerani laibulale ya SCH yokhala ndi laibulale ya PCB (ili ndiye gawo loyamba – lofunikira kwambiri). Malaibulale ophatikizika amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malaibulale omwe amabwera ndi Protel, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza yoyenera. Ndibwino kuti mupange laibulale yanu yazinthu zogwirizana ndi kukula kwa deta yanu yomwe mwasankha.

M’malo mwake, tsatirani laibulale ya PCB poyamba, kenako ma SCH. Phukusi la PCB lili ndi zofunikira zambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kukhazikitsa kwa PCB. Laibulale yamagulu a SCH ndiyopumula, bola mukakhala osamala kutanthauzira zikwangwani zamakalata ndi makalata awo kuzipangizo za PCB.

PS: Onani zikhomo zobisika mulaibulale yanthawi zonse. Kenako pakubwera kapangidwe kake, ndipo ikakonzeka, kapangidwe ka PCB kakhoza kuyamba.

2) Mukamapanga laibulale yoyeserera, onani ngati zikhomo zolumikizidwa ndi bolodi la PCB / zotulutsa ndikuwona laibulale.

2. kapangidwe ka PCB

Gawo ili limakoka mawonekedwe a PCB pamapangidwe a PCB malingana ndi kukula kwa bolodi ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndikuyika zolumikizira zofunikira, mabatani / ma switch, machubu a nixie, zizindikiro, zolowetsa, ndi zotuluka malingana ndi kufunikira kwa malo. , malo okumbirako, dzenje lokhazikitsira, ndi zina zambiri, lingalirani mozama ndikuzindikira malo oyikirira ndi opanda zingwe (monga kukula kwa bowo wonyezimira ndi malo opanda waya).

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kukula kwake (malo okhala ndi kutalika) kwa zinthu zomwe zimalipirako, malo omwe ali pakati pazinthu – kukula kwa malo, ndi malo omwe zida zimayikidwa kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito amagetsi . Pakuwonetsetsa kuthekera kopanga ndi kukhazikitsa ndikupanga, zosintha zoyenera ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zida kuti zizikhala zoyera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mfundo zomwe zatchulidwazi zikuwunikiridwa. Ngati chipangizocho chimayikidwa bwino komanso mozungulira, sichingayikidwe. Ndi patchwork. “

3. Makhalidwe a PCB

1) Onetsetsani kuti zojambulazo ndizolondola musanakhazikitsidwe – izi ndizofunikira kwambiri! — – ndikofunikira kwambiri!

Chithunzithunzi chatsirizidwa. Fufuzani zinthu ndi: grid yamagetsi, grid yapansi, ndi zina zambiri.

2) Kapangidwe kake kuyenera kuyang’anira kusungidwa kwa zida zapamtunda (makamaka ma plug-ins, ndi zina zambiri) ndikuyika zida (zoikidwiratu mozungulira zopingasa kapena zowoneka bwino), kuti zitsimikizire kuthekera ndikukhala kosavuta kwa kukhazikitsa.

3) Ikani chipangizocho pa board yoyera yoyera yoyera. Pakadali pano, ngati zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zatha, mutha kupanga tebulo laukonde (design-gt; CreateNetlist), ndiyeno kuitanitsa tebulo maukonde (Design-> Ma LoadNets) pa PCB. Ndikuwona chidebe chonse chazida, cholumikizira waya mwachangu pakati pazikhomo, kenako kapangidwe kazipangizo.

Kapangidwe kake kakhazikika potsatira mfundo izi:

Pamakonzedwe ndikugona, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungaikire chipangizocho: zambiri, zigamba ziziyikidwa mbali yomweyo, ndipo ma plug-ins ayenera kuyang’ana mwatsatanetsatane.

1) Malinga ndi magawano oyenera magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, omwe amagawidwa kwambiri: dera lama digito (zosokoneza, zosokoneza), dera laku analog (kuopa kusokonezedwa), malo oyendetsa magetsi (gwero losokoneza);

2) Ma circuits omwe amagwiranso ntchito yomweyo ayenera kuyikidwa pafupi kwambiri momwe zingathere, ndipo zigawo zikuluzikulu ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana kosavuta; Nthawi yomweyo, sintha mawonekedwe apakati pazigawo zogwirira ntchito, kuti kulumikizana pakati pazogwirira ntchito ndikofupikitsa kwambiri;

3) Pazigawo zapamwamba kwambiri, kukhazikika ndi kuyika koyenera kuyenera kuganiziridwa;Zinthu zotentha ziyenera kuikidwa mosiyana ndi zinthu zotentha ndipo ngati kuli kofunika, njira zotenthetsera kutentha ziyenera kulingaliridwa;

5) Wopanga wotchi (mwachitsanzo kristalo kapena wotchi) ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chipangizocho pogwiritsa ntchito wotchiyo;

6) Zofunikira pakapangidwe ziyenera kukhala zoyenerera, zochepa ndi zadongosolo, osati zolemetsa kwambiri kapena kumira.

4. Kulumikizana

Kulumikizana ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kwa PCB. Izi zidzakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a PCB. Mu kapangidwe ka PCB, zingwe zambiri zimakhala ndimagawo atatu: yoyamba ndikulumikiza, kenako zofunika kwambiri pakupanga kwa PCB. Ngati palibe wiring yomwe yaikidwa ndipo mawaya akuuluka, ndiye kuti idzakhala bolodi laling’ono. Ndizotheka kunena kuti sanayambebe. Chachiwiri ndikhutira kwamagetsi. Izi ndi zina mwazomwe zimasindikizidwa motsata bolodi yoyang’anira dera. Izi zimalumikizidwa pambuyo pakusintha kocheperako kwa zingwe kuti akwaniritse magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kukongoletsa. Ngati waya wanu walumikizidwa, ndiye kuti palibe malo omwe angakhudze magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, koma m’mbuyomu, pali zowala zambiri, zokongola, ndiye kuti magwiridwe antchito anu amaso, pamaso pa ena akadali zinyalala . Izi zimabweretsa zovuta pakuyesa ndi kukonza. Kulumikizana kuyenera kukhala koyenera komanso yunifolomu, popanda malamulo ndi malamulo. Izi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa ndikuwonetsetsa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi zina zofunika pamanja.

Kulumikizana kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo izi:

1) Nthawi zonse, chingwe chamagetsi ndi waya wapansi ziyenera kulumikizidwa kaye koyamba kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito a bolodi. Mkati mwa izi, yesetsani kukulitsa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi ma waya apansi. Zingwe zapansi zimaposa zingwe zamagetsi. Ubale wawo ndi: waya wapansi> Chingwe chamagetsi & gt; Mizere yazizindikiro. Nthawi zambiri, mzere wazizindikiro wazizindikiro ndi 0.2 ~ 0.3mm. M’lifupi thinnest angafikire 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, ndi chingwe mphamvu zambiri 1.2 ~ 2.5mm. Kwa PCBS yadijito, waya wochuluka pansi ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga malupu a maukonde olowera (analoging grounding so use as this);

2) Kukonzekera koyambirira kwa zofunika kwambiri (monga mzere wama frequency), zolowetsera ndi zotuluka m’mbali ziyenera kupewa kufanana moyandikana, kuti zisawonongeke kusokoneza. Ngati ndi kotheka, molumikizana ndi maziko, zingwe ziwiri zoyandikana ziyenera kulumikizana, zofananira ndi kulumikizana kwamatenda;

3) Nyumba ya oscillator ili pansi, ndipo mzere wa wotchi uyenera kukhala waufupi momwe ungathere ndipo sungatchulidwe kulikonse. Pansi pa nthawi yosintha mawotchi, gawo lapadera lantchito yothamanga liyenera kukulitsa malo ozungulira, sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mizere ina yazizindikiro, kuti magetsi azungulira pafupi;

4) Gwiritsani ntchito polyline 45 ° momwe mungathere, musagwiritse ntchito 90 ° polyline kuti muchepetse cheza cha ma frequency frequency; (mzere wapamwamba umafunika kugwiritsa ntchito arc wapawiri);

5) Osatsegula pazingwe zilizonse. Ngati sizingapeweke, kuzungulira kuyenera kukhala kochepa momwe zingathere; Chiwerengero cha mabowo azingwe zazingwe chizikhala chocheperako momwe zingathere.

6) Mzere wachinsinsi uyenera kukhala waufupi komanso wandiweyani momwe ungathere, komanso chitetezo chikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa mbali zonse;

7) Mukamatumiza zisonyezo zachinsinsi komanso zaphokoso m’minda kudzera pazingwe zathyathyathya, ziyenera kutulutsidwa kudzera mu “mbendera yapansi – Waya wapansi”;

8) Zizindikiro zazikulu ziyenera kusungidwa poyeserera kuti zithandizire kuyesa kukonza, kupanga ndi kuyesa;

9) Pambuyo polumikiza mwatsatanetsatane, kulumikizana kumayenera kukonzedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, cheke choyamba cha maukonde ndi cheke cha DRC zitakhala zolondola, maziko a malo opanda zingwe amachitidwa, ndipo gawo lalikulu lamkuwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthaka, ndipo board board imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito amalumikizidwa pansi ngati nthaka. Kapena pangani bolodi losanjikiza zingapo, magetsi, ndikukhazikitsa aliyense amakhala wosanjikiza.

5. Onjezani misozi

Kugwetsa ndi kulumikizana kwakudontho pakati pa pedi ndi mzere kapena pakati pa mzere ndi dzenje lotsogolera. Cholinga cha misozi ndikupewa kulumikizana pakati pa waya ndi pedi kapena pakati pa waya ndi dzenje lotsogolera pomwe gulu limakhala ndi gulu lalikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizidwa, kulira kwa misozi kumatha kupanga bolodi la PCB kuti liziwoneka lokongola.

Pakapangidwe ka bolodi wapa dera, kuti apange phukusi lolimba ndikutchingira mbale, mawotchi otsekemera ndi waya wowotcherera pakati pakuthyoka, poyatsira ndi waya nthawi zambiri imakhazikitsidwa pakati pa kanema wonyezimira wamkuwa, mawonekedwe ngati misozi, kotero Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa misozi.

6. Mofananamo, cheke choyamba ndikuyang’ana zigawo za Keepout, pamwamba pake, pamwamba pake pamwamba ndi pamwamba pake.

7. Kuwunika kwamalamulo amagetsi: kudzera mu bowo (0 kudzera pabowo – zosaneneka kwambiri; Malire a 0.8), ngakhale pali gridi losweka, malo osachepera (10mil), dera lalifupi (gawo lililonse limasanthulidwa limodzi ndi limodzi)

8. Onetsetsani zingwe zamagetsi ndi zingwe zapansi – zosokoneza. (Sefani capacitance iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi chip)

9. Mukamaliza PCB, tsegulaninso chikhomo cha netiweki kuti muwone ngati mndandandawu wasinthidwa – ukugwira ntchito bwino.

10. PCB ikamalizidwa, yang’anani dera lazida zoyambira kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi zolondola.