PCB ibhodi design idinga ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi:

(1) Umdwebo wesikimu: ifomethi ephelele yedokhumenti ye-elekthronikhi engakhiqiza uhlu lwenetha olufanele (i-netlist);

(2) Usayizi womshini: ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlonza indawo ethile nokuqondiswa kwethuluzi lokumisa, kanye nokuhlonza indawo ethile yokubeka umkhawulo wokuphakama;

(3) Uhlu lwe-BOM: lunquma ikakhulukazi futhi luhlole imininingwane yephakeji echaziwe yemishini kumdwebo wesikimu;

(4) Umhlahlandlela wiring: incazelo yezidingo ezithile zamasignali athile, kanye ne-impedance, i-lamination nezinye izidingo zedizayini.

Inqubo eyisisekelo yokuklanywa kwebhodi le-PCB imi ngokulandelayo:

Lungiselela – & gt; Idizayini yesakhiwo se-PCB – & GT; Isakhiwo se-PCB – & GT; Intambo – & gt; Ukusebenza komzila nesikrini -> Ukuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi neDRC nokuhlolwa kwesakhiwo -> PCB ibhodi.

1: Ukulungiselela kokuqala

1) Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulungiselela imitapo yolwazi kanye ne-schematics. “Uma ufuna ukwenza okuthile okuhle, kufanele uqale ucije amathuluzi akho.” Ukuze wakhe ibhodi elihle, ngaphezu kokuqamba imigomo, kufanele udwebe kahle. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwe-PCB, kufanele uqale ulungiselele umtapo wolwazi wezinto ze-SCH nomtapo wolwazi we-PCB (lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala – esibaluleke kakhulu). Imitapo yolwazi eyingxenye ingasebenzisa imitapo yolwazi eza neProtel, kepha kaningi kunzima ukuthola okulungile. Kungcono ukwakha ilabhulali yakho yento ngokuya ngemininingwane yosayizi ojwayelekile wedivayisi yakho oyikhethile.

Ngokomthetho, yenza umtapo wolwazi we-PCB kuqala, bese kuba ama-SCH. Umtapo wolwazi we-PCB unemfuneko ephezulu, ethinta ngqo ukufakwa kwe-PCB. Umtapo wolwazi we-SCH awukhululekile, inqobo nje uma uqikelela ukuchaza izimfanelo zephini nokuxhumana kwazo nezinto ze-PCB.

I-PS: Qaphela izikhonkwane ezifihliwe kumtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile. Bese kuza umklamo ohleliwe, futhi uma usulungile, ukwakheka kwe-PCB kungaqala.

2) Lapho wenza umtapo wezincwadi ohleliwe, qaphela ukuthi ngabe izikhonkwane zixhunywe ebhodini le-PCB / lokukhipha bese uhlola umtapo wezincwadi.

2. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-PCB

Lesi sinyathelo sidonsela indawo ye-PCB endaweni yokuklama ye-PCB ngokuya ngobukhulu bebhodi obunqunyiwe nezikhundla ezahlukahlukene zemishini, futhi ibeka izixhumi ezidingekayo, izinkinobho / amaswishi, amashubhu we-nixie, izinkomba, okokufaka, nemiphumela ngokuya ngezidingo zokubeka. , imbobo yesikulufa, imbobo yokufaka, njll., cabanga ngokugcwele futhi unqume indawo yezintambo nendawo engeyona yezintambo (njengobubanzi bendawo yesikulufa akuyona indawo engenantambo).

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kusayizi wangempela (indawo ehlala kanye nokuphakama) kwezingxenye zokukhokha, isikhundla esihlobene phakathi kwezinto – ubukhulu besikhala, nobuso lapho okubekwa khona okokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi kwebhodi lesifunda . Ngenkathi siqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhiqizwa nokufakwa kube lula, ukufakwa kokulungiswa okufanele kufanele kwenziwe kwimishini ukuyigcina ihlanzekile ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi imigomo engenhla iyabonakala. Uma ngabe idivayisi efanayo ibekwe ngobunono nangendlela efanayo, ayinakubekwa. Kungumbhedo. “

3. Ukuhlelwa kwe-PCB

1) Qiniseka ukuthi umdwebo wesikimu ulungile ngaphambi kokuhlelwa – lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu! —- – kubaluleke kakhulu!

Umdwebo wesikimu usuphothuliwe. Hlola izinto yilezi: igridi yamandla, igridi yomhlaba, njll.

2) Isakhiwo kufanele sinake ukubekwa kwezinto zokusebenza (ikakhulukazi ama-plug-ins, njll.) Kanye nokubekwa kwemishini (efakwe ngokuvundlile noma ngokubeka mpo), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube lula nokufakwa kokufakwa.

3) Beka idivayisi ebhodini lesifunda ngokuhleleka okumhlophe. Kuleli qophelo, uma wonke amalungiselelo angenhla eseqediwe, ungakha itafula lenethiwekhi (design-gt; CreateNetlist), bese ungenisa itafula lenethiwekhi (Design-> Ama-LoadNets) ku-PCB. Ngibona isitaki sedivayisi esiphelele, ngokuxhumeka kwentambo okusheshayo phakathi kwezikhonkwane, bese kuba ukwakheka kwedivayisi.

Ukuhlelwa okuphelele kusekelwe ezimisweni ezilandelayo:

Ekuhlelweni lapho ngilala phansi, kufanele unqume indawo ongabeka kuyo le divayisi: ngokujwayelekile, ama-patches kufanele abekwe ohlangothini olufanayo, futhi ama-plug-ins kufanele abheke imininingwane ethile.

1) Ngokwokwahlukaniswa okufanelekile kokusebenza kukagesi, ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe: indawo yesekethe yedijithali (ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka), indawo yesifunda ye-analog (ukwesaba ukuphazanyiswa), indawo yokushayela amandla (umthombo wokuphazamiseka);

2) Amasekethe anomsebenzi ofanayo kufanele abekwe asondele ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izingxenye kufanele zilungiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okulula kakhulu; Ngasikhathi sinye, lungisa ukuma okuhlobene phakathi kwamabhulokhi womsebenzi, ukuze ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabhulokhi womsebenzi kube mfushane kakhulu;

3) Ezingxenyeni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, indawo yokufaka nokuqina kokufakwa kufanele kubhekwe;Izakhi zokushisa kufanele zibekwe ngokuhlukile ezintweni ezibucayi zokushisa futhi, uma kunesidingo, izinyathelo zokufudumeza ezishisayo kufanele zicatshangelwe;

5) Umkhiqizi wewashi (isb. Ikristalu noma iwashi) kufanele asondele ngangokunokwenzeka kudivayisi esebenzisa iwashi;

6) Izidingo zesakhiwo kufanele zilinganiswe, zincane futhi zihleleke, hhayi ezisindayo phezulu noma ezicwile.

4. Intambo

Ukwenza izintambo kuyinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB. Lokhu kuzokuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwe-PCB. Ekuklanyweni kwe-PCB, i-wiring ngokuvamile inamazinga amathathu wokwehlukanisa: owokuqala ukuxhumana, bese kuba izidingo eziyisisekelo kakhulu zedizayini ye-PCB. Uma kungekho wiring ebekiwe futhi izintambo zindiza, khona-ke kuzoba yibhodi elisezingeni eliphansi. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ayikaqali okwamanje. Okwesibili ukwaneliseka kokusebenza kukagesi. Lesi yisilinganiso senkomba yokuhambisana yebhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe. Lokhu kuxhunywe ngemuva kokulungiswa ngokucophelela kwentambo ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kahle kukagesi, kulandelwe ubuhle. Uma i-wiring yakho ixhunyiwe, khona-ke ayikho indawo engathinta ukusebenza kukagesi, kepha ekubukeni okwedlule, kuningi okugqamile, okumibalabala, khona-ke ukusebenza kahle kwakho kagesi, emehlweni abanye kuseyingcezu kadoti . Lokhu kuletha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekuhlolweni nasekulondolozweni. Izintambo kufanele zihlanzeke futhi zifane, ngaphandle kwemithetho nemithetho. Lokhu kumele kufezwe ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza kukagesi nezinye izidingo ezenziwe zaba ngezakho.

I-wiring yenziwa ngokuya ngemigomo elandelayo:

1) Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, intambo yamandla nocingo lomhlabathi kufanele kuxhunywe kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi webhodi lesifunda. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zimo, zama ukunweba ukunikezwa kwamandla nobubanzi bezintambo zomhlaba. Amakhebuli aphansi angcono kunezintambo zikagesi. Ubudlelwano babo yile: yocingo lomhlabathi> Intambo yamandla & gt; Olayini bezimpawu. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bomugqa wesiginali ngu-0.2 ~ 0.3mm. Ububanzi be-thinnest bungafinyelela ku-0.05 ~ 0.07mm, futhi intambo yamandla imvamisa ingu-1.2 ~ 2.5mm. Kwi-PCBS yedijithali, ucingo olubanzi lomhlabathi lungasetshenziselwa ukwakha amaluphu wenethiwekhi yokubeka phansi (isisekelo se-analog asikwazi ukusetshenziswa kanjena);

2) Ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili kwezidingo eziphakeme (ezinjenge-high frequency line), imiphetho yokufaka kanye nokukhipha kufanele kugweme ukufana okuncikene, ukuze kugweme ukuphazanyiswa kokuboniswa. Uma kunesidingo, kuhambisana nokubekwa phansi, izingqimba ezimbili ezincikene nezintambo kufanele zibe zodwa, zihambelane ngokuhlangana kokuhlangana kwezinambuzane;

3) Indlu ye-oscillator isisekelo, futhi ulayini wewashi kufanele ube mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka futhi awunakucashunwa noma kuphi. Ngezansi kwesekethe le-oscillation wesekethe, ingxenye ekhethekile yesivinini se-logic circuit kufanele ikhulise indawo yokubeka phansi, akufanele isebenzise eminye imigqa yesiginali, ukwenza insimu kagesi ezungeze ibe seduze no-zero;

4) Sebenzisa i-polyline engu-45 ° ngangokunokwenzeka, ungasebenzisi i-polyline engu-90 ° ukunciphisa imisebe yesiginali yemvamisa ephezulu; (ulayini ophakeme uyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-arc ephindwe kabili);

5) Ungavuli kunoma iyiphi imigqa yesiginali. Uma kungenakugwenywa, iluphu kufanele ibe yincane ngangokunokwenzeka; Inani lezimbobo ezingena ngamakhebuli ezintambo zesiginali kufanele libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka.

6) Ulayini wokhiye kufanele ube mfushane futhi ube mkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ukuvikelwa kufanele kungezwe ezinhlangothini zombili;

I-7) Lapho kudluliswa amasiginali azwelayo nezimpawu zensimu yomsindo ngezintambo eziyizicaba, kufanele zikhishwe “ngesiginali yomhlaba – ucingo lwaphansi”;

8) Izimpawu ezisemqoka kufanele zigcinelwe amaphuzu okuhlola ukwenza lula ukulungisa iphutha, ukukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kokugcinwa;

9) Ngemuva kokuthi izintambo zesikimu seziqediwe, izintambo kufanele zithuthukiswe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kokuthi isheke lokuqala lenethiwekhi nokuhlolwa kweDRC kulungile, ukumiswa kwendawo engenazintambo kuyenziwa, futhi kusetshenziswa ungqimba omkhulu wethusi njengomhlabathi, bese kusetshenziswa ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Izindawo ezingasetshenziswanga zixhunywe phansi njengomhlabathi. Noma yenza ibhodi enezingqimba eziningi, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukubeka phansi ngamunye kubalwa ungqimba.

5. Faka izinyembezi

Isinyembezi ukuxhumana okuconsayo phakathi kwephedi nolayini noma phakathi komugqa nembobo yomhlahlandlela. Inhloso ye-teardrop ukugwema ukuxhumana phakathi kwentambo nephedi noma phakathi kocingo nomgodi wokuqondisa lapho ibhodi linamandla amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilungiselelo ezinganqanyuliwe, izinyembezi zingenza ibhodi le-PCB libukeke lihle kakhulu.

Ekuklanyweni kwebhodi lesifunda, ukuze kwenziwe iphedi liqine futhi livimbele ipuleti elingumshini, iphedi le-welding nocingo lokushisela phakathi kokuqhekeka, iphedi le-welding kanye nocingo kuvame ukusethwa phakathi kwefilimu yethusi yomugqa wokuguqula, ukuma njengezinyembezi, ngakho-ke imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi izinyembezi.

6. Ngokulandelanayo, isheke lokuqala ukubheka izingqimba ze-Keepout, ungqimba oluphezulu, imbondela ephezulu kanye nembondela engezansi.

7. Isheke lomthetho kagesi: ngembobo (0 ngembobo – okungakholeki kakhulu; Umngcele ongu-0.8), noma ngabe kukhona igridi ephukile, isikhala esincane (10mil), isifunda esifushane (ipharamitha ngalinye lihlaziywa ngakunye)

8. Hlola izintambo zikagesi nezintambo zomhlabathi – ukuphazamiseka. (Hlunga capacitance kufanele kusondele chip)

9. Ngemuva kokuphothula i-PCB, layisha kabusha umaka wenethiwekhi ukubheka ukuthi ngabe uhlu lwenethi selushintshiwe yini – lusebenza kahle.

10. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwe-PCB, hlola isekethe lezinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba.