Ibhodi PCB Uyilo kufuneka lubonelele ngolwazi:

(1) Umzobo wobume: ifomathi yoxwebhu olupheleleyo lwe-elektroniki olunokuvelisa uluhlu oluchanekileyo lomnatha (uluhlu)

(2) Ubungakanani boomatshini: ukubonelela ngokuchongwa kwendawo ethile kunye nolwalathiso lwesixhobo sokubekwa, kunye nokuchongwa kwendawo ethile yokuma komda wobude;

(3) Uluhlu lwe-BOM: ikakhulu igqiba kwaye itshekishe ulwazi lwephakheji echaziweyo yezixhobo kumzobo weskim;

(4) Isikhokelo se-Wiring: inkcazo yeemfuno ezithile zeempawu ezithile, kunye nokuthintela, ulweliso kunye nezinye iimfuno zoyilo.

Inkqubo yoyilo esisiseko ibhodi PCB imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Lungiselela – & gt; Uyilo lwesakhiwo sePCB- & GT; Uyilo lwePCB- & GT; Iingcingo – & gt; Ukulungiswa kwendlela kunye nescreen -> Uhlolo lwenethiwekhi kunye neDRC kunye nohlolo lolwakhiwo -> Ibhodi PCB.

1: Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili

1) Oku kubandakanya ukulungiselela icandelo leelayibrari kunye nesikimu. “Ukuba ufuna ukwenza into elungileyo, kufuneka ukhulise izixhobo zakho kuqala.” Ukuze wakhe ibhodi elungileyo, ukongeza kwimigaqo yokuyila, kuya kufuneka uzobe kakuhle. Phambi kokuba uqhubeke noyilo lwe-PCB, kufuneka uqale ulungiselele iskimu secandelo le-SCH kunye nelayibrari yecandelo le-PCB (eli linyathelo lokuqala- kubaluleke kakhulu). Amathala eencwadi asebenzayo anokusebenzisa iilayibrari eziza neProtel, kodwa kuhlala kunzima ukufumana efanelekileyo. Kungcono ukwakha ilayibrari yakho yecandelo ngokusekwe kwidatha yesayizi esemgangathweni kwisixhobo sakho osikhethileyo.

Ngokomgaqo, yenza icandelo lecandelo le-PCB kuqala, emva koko ke ii-SCH’s. Icandelo lecandelo le-PCB linemfuno ephezulu, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukufakwa kwe-PCB. Ilayibrari yecandelo le-SCH likhululekile, ukuba nje unononophelo lokuchaza iipini kunye nokuhambelana kwazo nezinto zePCB.

I-PS: Qaphela izikhonkwane ezifihliweyo kwilayibrari esemgangathweni. Emva koko kuza uyilo lwesikim, kwaye xa sele ilungile, uyilo lwePCB lungaqala.

2) Xa usenza ithala leencwadi, qaphela ukuba izikhonkwane zidityanisiwe na kwimveliso / kwibhodi yePCB kwaye ujonge kwithala leencwadi.

2. Uyilo lwesakhiwo sePCB

Eli nyathelo lizobe umphezulu we-PCB kwimeko yoyilo lwe-PCB ngokobungakanani bebhodi ezimiselweyo kunye nezikhundla ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, kwaye ibeka izihlanganisi ezifunekayo, amaqhosha / iitshintshi, iityhubhu ze-nixie, izikhombisi, amagalelo kunye neziphumo ngokweemfuno zokubekwa. , umngxunya wokujija, umngxunya wofakelo, njl.njl.

Ingqwalaselo eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe kubungakanani boqobo (indawo ekuhlalwa kuyo kunye nokuphakama) kwezinto zentlawulo, indawo yokuma phakathi kwezinto-ubungakanani bendawo, nomphezulu apho izixhobo zibekwe khona ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kwibhodi yesekethe . Ngelixa kuqinisekisa ukwenzeka kunye nokwenza lula kwemveliso kunye nofakelo, kufuneka kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo kwizixhobo ukuze zigcinwe zicocekile ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukuba le mithetho ingentla iyabonakala. Ukuba isixhobo esinye sibekwe ngokucocekileyo nakwicala elifanayo, asinakubekwa. Ngumsebenzi obambekayo. “

3. Ubume bePCB

1) Qinisekisa ukuba umzobo wesikimu uchanekile ngaphambi kobeko-oku kubaluleke kakhulu! —- – ibaluleke kakhulu!

Umzobo wobume obugqityiweyo ugqityiwe. Jonga izinto zezi: igridi yamandla, igridi yomhlaba, njl.

2) Uyilo kufuneka luqwalasele ukubekwa kwezixhobo zomphezulu (ngakumbi iiplagi, njl.

3) Beka isixhobo kwibhodi yesekethe enobeko obumhlophe. Okwangoku, ukuba onke la malungiselelo angasentla agqityiwe, unokwenza itafile yenethiwekhi (uyilo-gt; Yenza iNetlist), emva koko ungenise itafile yenethiwekhi (Uyilo-> I-LoadNets) kwi-PCB. Ndibona ingqokelela yesixhobo esipheleleyo, ngocingo oluphaphayo oludibanisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwezikhonkwane, kunye nobeko lwesixhobo.

Uyilo lulonke lusekwe kule migaqo ilandelayo:

Uyilo xa ndilele phantsi, kuya kufuneka unqume indawo oza kusibeka kuyo isixhobo: ngokubanzi, iipatches kufuneka zibekwe kwicala elinye, kwaye iiplagi-kufuneka zijonge izinto ezithile.

1) Ngokwesahlulo esifanelekileyo sombane, ngokubanzi sahlulwe: indawo yesekethe yedijithali (ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka), indawo yesekethe ye-analog (uloyiko lokuphazamiseka), indawo yokuqhuba umbane (umthombo wokuphazamiseka);

2) Iisekethe ezinomsebenzi ofanayo kufuneka zibekwe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye izinto kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olulula; Kwangelo xesha, hlengisa indawo ehambelana phakathi kweebhloko zomsebenzi, ukuze unxibelelwano phakathi kweebhloko zomsebenzi lolona lufutshane;

3) Kwindawo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, indawo yokufaka kunye nokufakwa ngamandla kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo;Izinto zokufudumeza kufuneka zibekwe zodwa kwizinto ezinobushushu kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, amanyathelo okuhambisa ubushushu kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo;

5) Umvelisi wewotshi (umzkl yikristale okanye iwotshi) kufuneka ikufutshane kangangoko kwisixhobo usebenzisa iwotshi;

6) Iimfuno zobeko kufuneka zilungelelaniswe, zinqabile kwaye zilungelelaniswe, zingabinzima kakhulu okanye zitshone.

4. Iingcingo

Iingcingo yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kuyilo PCB. Oku kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwe-PCB. Kuyilo lwe-PCB, i-wiring ngokubanzi inamanqanaba amathathu okwahlulahlula: eyokuqala kukudibana, kwaye emva koko zezona mfuno zisisiseko zoyilo lwe-PCB. Ukuba akukho zintambo zibekiweyo kwaye i-wiring iyabhabha, iya kuba yibhodi esezantsi. Kukhuselekile ukuthi ayikaqali okwangoku. Okwesibini kukwaneliseka kokusebenza kombane. Lo ngumlinganiso wesalathiso sebhodi yesekethe yokuhambelana. Oku kuqhagamshelwe emva kohlengahlengiso olucokisekileyo lweentambo zokufezekisa ukusebenza ngokukuko kombane, kulandelwe ubuhle. Ukuba i-wiring yakho idityanisiwe, akukho ndawo inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kombane, kodwa kwimbono edlulileyo, zininzi izinto eziqaqambileyo, ezimibalabala, kwaye indlela olunge ngayo ukusebenza kombane, emehlweni abanye iseyiqhekeza lenkunkuma . Oku kuzisa inkxamleko enkulu kuvavanyo nakulondolozo. Iingcingo kufuneka zicoceke kwaye zifane, ngaphandle kwemigaqo nemigaqo. Oku kufuneka kufezekiswe ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza kombane kunye nezinye iimfuno ezizezakho.

Iingcingo zenziwa ngokungqinelana nale migaqo ilandelayo:

1) Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, intambo yombane kunye nocingo lomhlaba kufuneka lubiwe kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kwibhodi yesekethe. Ngaphakathi kwezi meko, zama ukwandisa ubonelelo lwamandla kunye nobubanzi beengcingo zomhlaba. Iintambo zomhlaba zingcono kuneentambo zombane. Ubudlelwane babo yile: yocingo lomhlaba> Intambo yombane & gt; Imigca yemiqondiso. Ngokubanzi, ububanzi bomgca wesiginali ngu-0.2 ~ 0.3mm. Ububanzi obucekeceke bunokufikelela ku-0.05 ~ 0.07mm, kwaye intambo yamandla ngokubanzi yi-1.2 ~ 2.5mm. Kwi-PCBS yedijithali, ucingo olubanzi lomhlaba lunokusetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-loops zenethiwekhi yomhlaba (isiseko se-analog asinakusetyenziswa njengale);

2) Ukucwangciswa kwangaphambili kweemfuno eziphezulu (ezinje ngomgca wokuhamba rhoqo), igalelo kunye nemiphetho yokuphuma kufuneka kuthintele ukuhambelana okukufutshane, ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka okubonakalisayo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, kudityaniswa nomhlaba, izaleko ezibini ezikufutshane kweentambo zombane kufuneka zigqithiselene, ngokuhambelana nokuthambeka kokudibana kwe-parasitic;

3) Indlu ye-oscillator ibekwe emhlabeni, kwaye umgca wewotshi kufuneka ube mfutshane ngangokunokwenzeka kwaye awunakucatshulwa naphi na. Ngaphantsi kwesekethe yokujikeleza kwewotshi, indawo ekhethekileyo yesantya esiphezulu se-logic yesekethe kufuneka inyuse indawo yokomisa umhlaba, akufuneki isebenzise eminye imigca yomqondiso, ukwenza intsimi yombane ejikeleze kufutshane;

4) Sebenzisa i-polyline engama-45 ° kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ungasebenzisi i-90 ° i-polyline ukunciphisa i-radiation yesiginali ephezulu yesantya; (umgca ophezulu kufuneka usebenzise i-arc ephindwe kabini);

5) Sukuvula nayiphi na imigca yomqondiso. Ukuba ayinakuphepheka, iluphu kufuneka ibencinci ngangokunokwenzeka; Inani lokungena kwimingxunya yeentambo zomqondiso kufuneka libelincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

I-6) Umgca ophambili kufuneka ube mfutshane kwaye ungqingqe ngangokunokwenzeka, kwaye ukhuseleko kufuneka longezwe kumacala omabini;

7) Xa uhambisa imiqondiso ebuthathaka kunye neempawu zentsimi yengxolo ngeentambo ezithe tyaba, kufuneka zikhutshwe “ngomqondiso womhlaba-ucingo olusezantsi”;

8) Iimpawu eziphambili kufuneka zigcinelwe amanqaku ovavanyo ukulungiselela ukulungiswa kwempazamo, ukuvelisa kunye nokuvavanywa kokugcinwa;

9) Emva kokuba ii-schematic wiring zigqityiwe, ii-wiring kufuneka zilungiselelwe. Kwangelo xesha, emva kokuba itshekhi yokuqala yenethiwekhi kunye nokuhlolwa kweDRC zichanekile, ukwenziwa kwendawo engenazingcingo kuyenziwa, kwaye kusetyenziswa umaleko omkhulu wobhedu njengomhlaba, kwaye ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo isetyenziswa. Iindawo ezingasetyenziswanga zidityaniswe emhlabeni njengomhlaba. Okanye wenze ibhodi yomaleko omninzi, unikezelo lwamandla, ubeka isiseko ngasinye kulwahlulo lwengubo.

5. Yongeza iinyembezi

Inyembezi luqhagamshelo olunethontsi phakathi kwephedi kunye nomgca okanye phakathi komgca kunye nomngxunya wesikhokelo. Injongo yeenyembezi kukuthintela unxibelelwano phakathi kocingo kunye nephedi okanye phakathi kocingo kunye nomngxunya wesikhokelo xa ibhodi iphantsi komkhosi omkhulu. Ukongeza, ukunqunyanyiswa, useto lwenyembezi lunokwenza ibhodi yePCB ibonakale intle.

Kuyilo lwebhodi yesekethe, ukwenzela ukuba iphedi yomelele kwaye ithintele ipleyiti yoomatshini, ipeyinti yokuwelda kunye nocingo lwentsimbi phakathi kokuqhekeka, ipeyinti yokuwelda kunye nocingo zihlala zimiselwa phakathi komtya wefilimu wobhedu wotshintsho, imilo efana neinyembezi, kunjalo edla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziinyembezi.

6. Kwelinye icala, itsheki yokuqala kukujonga iileya zoGcino, umaleko ophezulu, ukugquma ngaphezulu nangaphezulu.

7. Ukutshekishwa kwemithetho yombane: ngokusebenzisa umngxuma (0 ngomngxuma – yinto engakholelekiyo; Umda we-0.8), nokuba kukho iigridi ezaphukileyo, isithuba esisezantsi (10mil), isekethe emfutshane (iparameter nganye ihlalutyiwe nganye nganye)

8. Jonga iintambo zombane kunye neentambo zomhlaba – uphazamiseko. (Umthamo wokucoca ulwelo kufuneka ube kufutshane ne-chip)

9. Emva kokugqiba i-PCB, layisha kwakhona isiphawuli senethiwekhi ukukhangela ukuba ngaba uluhlu lwe-net luguquliwe- lusebenza kakuhle.

10. Emva kokugqitywa kwe-PCB, jonga isekethe yezixhobo eziphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.