Nekuwedzera kwekuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, nhamba yezvakaraswa yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB), chikamu chikuru chemarara emagetsi, iri kuwedzerawo. Kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa nemarara PCBs kwamutsawo pfungwa dzenyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Mumarara PCBs, simbi dzinorema senge lead, mercury, uye hexavalent chromium, pamwe chete nemakemikari ane muchetura akadai sepolybrominated biphenyls (PBB) uye polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), ayo anoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto, zviri munzvimbo yakasikwa. . Mvura yepasi nevhu zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kukuru, izvo zvinounza kukuvadza kukuru kuhupenyu hwevanhu uye hutano hwemuviri nepfungwa. PaPCB yakaraswa, pane marudzi angangosvika makumi maviri emasimbi asina ferrous uye simbi isingawanzo wanikwa, ine kukosha kwekudzokorora uye kukosha kwehupfumi, uye mugodhi chaiwo wakamirira kucherwa.

Maitiro ekurasa akashandiswa PCB edunhu mabhodhi

1 Mutemo Wenyama

Iyo yemuviri nzira ndeye kushandiswa kwemakanika nzira uye mutsauko muPCB yemuviri zvivakwa kuti uwane kudzokorodza.

1.1 Yakaputsika

Chinangwa chekupwanya ndechekuparadzanisa simbi mune tsvina yedunhu bhodhi kubva kune organic matter zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuvandudza kuparadzanisa kushanda. Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti kana simbi yakaputsika pa 0.6mm, simbi inogona kusvika 100% dissociation, asi kusarudzwa kwenzira yekupwanya uye nhamba yematanho zvinoenderana nemaitiro anotevera.

1.2 Kuronga

Kupatsanura kunowanikwa nekushandisa mutsauko wezvinhu zvenyama senge density yezvinhu, particle size, conductivity, magnetic permeability, uye pamusoro pehunhu. Parizvino anoshandiswa zvakanyanya imhepo shaker tekinoroji, tekinoroji yekuparadzanisa tekinoroji, tekinoroji yekuparadzanisa tekinoroji, kupatsanura-kunyura-kunyura uye tekinoroji yekuparadzanisa yazvino.

2 Supercritical tekinoroji kurapwa nzira

Supercritical fluid extraction tekinoroji inoreva nzira yekuchenesa iyo inoshandisa pesvedzero yekumanikidza uye tembiricha pakunyungudika kwemvura yakanyanyisa kuita kuburitsa nekuparadzanisa pasina kushandura chimiro chemakemikari. Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare ekuchera, iyo supercritical CO2 yekubvisa maitiro ine zvakanakira kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza, kupatsanurwa kuri nyore, kuderera kwehuturu, zvishoma kana kusasara, uye inogona kushandiswa pakamuri tembiricha.

Mazano makuru ekutsvagisa mashandisirwo emvura epamusoro-soro kurapa tsvina PCBs akaiswa muzvikamu zviviri: Chekutanga, nekuti iyo supercritical CO2 fluid ine kugona kuburitsa resin uye brominated murazvo retardant zvikamu muakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi. Kana iyo resin yekubatanidza zvinhu mudhinda redunhu yakadhindwa yabviswa neiyo supercritical CO2 fluid, iyo yemhangura foil layer uye girazi fiber layer mudhindi redunhu bhodhi rinogona kupatsanurwa zviri nyore, nekudaro zvichipa mukana wekudzokorodza kwakanaka kwezvinhu mudunhu rakadhindwa. board . 2. Kushandisa zvakananga supercritical fluid kubvisa simbi kubva mumarara PCBs. Wai et al. yakashuma kubviswa kweCd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Pd2+, As3+, Au3+, Ga3+ uye Ga3+ kubva kusimulated cellulose sefa bepa kana jecha vachishandisa lithium fluorinated diethyldithiocarbamate (LiFDDC) sechinhu chinonetsa. Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yeSb3 + tsvagiridzo, iyo yekubvisa inoshanda iri pamusoro pe90%.

Supercritical processing tekinoroji inewo zvikanganiso zvakakura senge: kusarudzwa kwepamusoro kwekutora kunoda kuwedzerwa kwekupinda, izvo zvinokuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza; yakanyanya kudhirowa kudzvanywa kunoda midziyo yakakwirira; kupisa kwepamusoro kunoshandiswa mukuita kwekuchera uye naizvozvo kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanya.

3 Chemical nzira

Chemical kurapwa tekinoroji inzira yekubvisa uchishandisa kugadzikana kwekemikari yezvikamu zvakasiyana muPCB.

3.1 Kupisa nzira yekurapa

Nzira yekupisa kupisa inonyanya nzira yekuparadzanisa organic matter nesimbi nenzira yekupisa kwepamusoro. Iyo inonyanya kusanganisira nzira yekupisa, vacuum cracking nzira, microwave nzira uye zvichingodaro.

3.1.1 Nzira yekupisa

Nzira yekupisa ndeyekupwanya tsvina yemagetsi kune imwe saizi uye kuitumira kune yekutanga incinerator yekupisa, kuodza iyo organic zvikamu mairi, uye kupatsanura gasi kubva kune yakasimba. Izvo zvakasara mushure mekupisa isimbi isina chinhu kana kuti oxide yayo uye girazi fiber, iyo inogona kudzoserwa nenzira dzemuviri nemakemikari mushure mekupwanywa. Iyo gasi ine organic components inopinda mune yechipiri incinerator yekupisa kurapwa uye inoburitswa. Kuipa kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti inoburitsa yakawanda tsvina gasi uye zvinhu zvine chepfu.

3.1.2 Nzira yekutsemura

Pyrolysis inonzi zvakare yakaoma distillation muindasitiri. Iko kupisa tsvina yemagetsi mumudziyo pasi pemamiriro ekuparadzanisa mhepo, kutonga kutonhora uye kudzvinyirira, kuitira kuti organic matter iri mairi iparadzwe uye inoshandurwa kuva mafuta uye gasi, iyo inogona kudzoserwa mushure mekugadzirisa uye kuunganidza. Kusiyana nekupiswa kwemarara emagetsi, iyo vacuum pyrolysis process inoitwa pasi pemamiriro eokisijeni-isina, saka kugadzirwa kwe dioxins uye furan kunogona kudzvinyirirwa, huwandu hwemarara gasi anogadzirwa idiki, uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kudiki.

3.1.3 Microwave processing technology

Iyo microwave nzira yekudzokorodza ndeyekutanga kupwanya tsvina yemagetsi, uye woshandisa microwave kudziyisa kuti iparadze iyo organic matter. Kupisa kusvika ku1400 ℃ kunonyungudutsa girazi faibha uye simbi kugadzira chinhu che vitrified. Mushure mekunge chinhu ichi chatonhodzwa, goridhe, sirivheri uye mamwe masimbi anopatsanurwa muchimiro chebead, uye yasara girazi chinhu chinogona kudzokororwa kuti chishandiswe sezvivakwa zvekuvaka. Iyi nzira yakasiyana zvakanyanya neyechinyakare yekudziya nzira, uye ine zvakakosha zvakakosha senge kunyatsoita basa, kukurumidza, kudzoreredza zviwanikwa uye kushandiswa, uye kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa.

3.2 Hydrometallurgy

Hydrometallurgical tekinoroji inonyanya kushandisa hunhu hwesimbi inogona kunyungudika muacid mhinduro senge nitric acid, sulfuric acid uye aqua regia kubvisa simbi kubva mumarara emagetsi uye kudzoreredza kubva muchikamu chemvura. Parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nzira yekugadzirisa tsvina yemagetsi. Kuenzaniswa ne pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy ine zvakanakira kushoma kupera kwegasi kuburitsa, kurasira nyore zvisaririra mushure mekubviswa kwesimbi, zvakakosha zvehupfumi, uye nyore kuyerera.

4 Biotechnology

Biotechnology inoshandisa adsorption yemicroorganisms pamusoro pezvicherwa uye oxidation yema microorganisms kugadzirisa dambudziko rekupora kwesimbi. Microbial adsorption inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: kushandiswa kweiyo microbial metabolites kumisa simbi ions uye kushandiswa kwehutachiona kumisa zvakananga maion simbi. Iyo yekutanga ndeye kushandisa hydrogen sulfide inogadzirwa nebhakitiriya kugadzirisa, kana pamusoro pebhakitiriya inoshambadza ion kuti isvike pakuzara, inogona kuumba flocs uye kugara pasi; iyo yekupedzisira inoshandisa oxidizing pfuma ye ferric ions kuti oxidize mamwe masimbi mune akakosha simbi alloys segoridhe Inonyungudika uye inopinda mumhinduro, ichifumura simbi yakakosha kuti iite kupora. Kubviswa kwesimbi dzakakosha segoridhe nebiotechnology kune zvakanakira maitiro akareruka, mutengo wakaderera, uye mashandiro ari nyore, asi nguva yekurebesa yakarebesa uye mwero wekudonha wakadzikira, saka hausati wanyatsoshandiswa pari zvino.

Mashoko okupedzisa

E-marara chinhu chakakosha, uye chakakosha zvikuru kusimbisa kutsvagisa nekushandiswa kwesimbi yekudzokorodza tekinoroji yemarara e-e-marara, zvese kubva mune zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza. Nekuda kwekuoma uye kwakasiyana maitiro e-marara, zvakaoma kudzoreredza masimbi mairi nechero tekinoroji chete. Mafambiro emangwana e-e-waste processing tekinoroji anofanira kunge ari: indasitiri yekugadzira mafomu, yakanyanya kudzokorodza zviwanikwa, uye sainzi kugadzirisa tekinoroji. Muchidimbu, kudzidza kudzokororwa kwemarara PCBs hakugone kuchengetedza nharaunda chete, kudzivirira kusvibiswa, asiwo kufambisa kudzokororwa kwezviwanikwa, kuchengetedza simba rakawanda, uye kusimudzira budiriro yehupfumi nenharaunda.