Kwamitin Circuit da aka Buga, wanda kuma aka sani da Kwamitin Circuit Printed, Printed Circuit Board, Printed Circuit Board. Samfurin PCBS ya fito ne daga tsarin musayar tarho a farkon karni na 20 wanda yayi amfani da manufar “Circuit,” wanda aka yi shi ta hanyar yanke murfin ƙarfe a cikin madugu kuma ya manne shi tsakanin zanen dutse biyu na kakin zuma. A haƙiƙanin ma’anar PCB an haife shi a cikin shekarun 1930, yana AMFANI da samar da ɗab’i na lantarki, tare da rufe kayan ginin jirgi, a yanka shi cikin wani girman, tare da aƙalla zane -zanen jagoranci guda ɗaya, kuma zane yana da rami (kamar ramin kayan, ramin sakawa, ramin ƙarfe rami, da sauransu), wanda aka yi amfani da shi maimakon kayan aikin lantarki na baya na kayan chassis, da kuma fahimtar haɗin tsakanin abubuwan lantarki, Yana taka rawar watsawa ta ba da labari, shine ƙungiyar goyan bayan abubuwan lantarki, kuma an san shi da “mahaifiyar samfuran lantarki”.

Rarraba ta taushi na kayan tushe:

Tushen bayanai: Haɗin bayanan jama’a

Buga da’irar PCB rarraba kasuwar duniya

Tun daga karni na 21, tare da sauya masana’antar bayanai ta lantarki daga kasashen da suka ci gaba zuwa kasashe masu tasowa da kasashe masu tasowa, Asiya, musamman China, sannu a hankali ta zama tushen samar da kayayyakin samar da bayanai na lantarki a duniya. A shekarar 2016, kudaden shiga na masana’antun sarrafa bayanai na lantarki na kasar Sin sama da ma’aunin da aka kayyade ya kai Yuan tiriliyan 12.2, wanda ya karu da kashi 8.4% a shekara. Tare da ƙaurawar sarkar masana’antar bayanai ta lantarki, masana’antar PCB, a matsayinta na masana’anta, ita ma tana mai da hankali a Mainland China, kudu maso gabashin Asiya da sauran yankuna na Asiya. Kafin 2000, an rarraba sama da 70% na ƙimar fitowar PCB na duniya a Amurka (galibi Arewacin Amurka), Turai da Japan. Tun daga karni na 21, masana’antar PCB tana jujjuyar da hankalinta zuwa Asiya. A halin yanzu, ƙimar fitarwa na PCB a Asiya yana kusan kashi 90% na duniya, musamman a China da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Tun daga shekarar 2006, kasar Sin ta zarce Japan don zama babbar mai samar da PCB a duniya, tare da fitar da PCB da matsayi na farko a duniya. A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, tattalin arzikin duniya yana cikin lokacin daidaitawa mai zurfi. Matsayin tuki na Turai, Amurka, Japan da sauran manyan tattalin arziki kan ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya ya yi rauni sosai, kuma kasuwar PCB a waɗannan ƙasashe ta iyakance haɓaka ko ma kwangila. Kasar Sin tana kara hadewa da tattalin arzikin duniya, sannu a hankali ta mamaye rabin kasuwar PCB ta duniya. A matsayinta na babbar mai samar da masana’antar PCB a duniya, kasar Sin ta kai kashi 50.53% na jimlar fitowar masana’antar PCB a cikin 2017, daga 31.18% a 2008.

Tushen bayanai: Haɗin bayanan jama’a

Babban yanayin masana’antar da ke tafiya gabas, babban yankin na musamman ne.

Mahimmancin masana’antar PCB koyaushe yana canzawa zuwa Asiya, kuma ƙarfin samarwa a Asiya yana ƙara canzawa zuwa babban yankin, yana ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin masana’antu. Kafin 2000, 70% na ƙimar fitarwa na PCB na duniya an rarraba shi a Turai, Amurka (galibi Arewacin Amurka) da Japan. Tare da ci gaba da canja wurin ƙarfin samarwa, ƙimar fitarwa na PCB a Asiya yana kusa da 90% na duniya, yana jagorantar PCB a cikin duniya, yayin da babban yankin kasar Sin ya zama yankin da ke da babban ƙarfin samarwa na PCB a duniya. A lokaci guda, a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, ƙarfin samarwa a Asiya ya nuna yanayin canja wuri daga Japan, Koriya ta Kudu da Taiwan zuwa babban yankin China, wanda ke sa ƙarfin samar da PCB a cikin Babban China ya girma a cikin kashi 5%-7% sama da matakin duniya. A cikin 2017, fitowar PCB na China zai kai mu dala biliyan 28.972, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 50% na jimlar duniya.

Ana iya ƙaddamar da ƙarfin samar da PCB na Turai, Amurka da Taiwan zuwa babban yankin saboda dalilai uku masu zuwa:

1. Manufofin kare muhalli a ƙasashen yammacin duniya na ƙara yin ƙarfi, yana tilasta masana’antar PCB tare da ƙarancin hayaƙi don motsawa.

Kwamitin da’irar da aka buga yana ƙunshe da gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai nauyi, wanda babu makawa zai haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli na gida a cikin masana’antar. A Turai da Amurka, buƙatun kariya na muhalli na gwamnati don masana’antun PCB sun fi na cikin gida. A karkashin tsauraran ka’idojin kare muhalli, kamfanoni na buƙatar kafa ingantacciyar tsarin kare muhalli, wanda zai haifar da haɓaka ƙimar kare muhalli na kamfanoni, haɓaka farashin gudanarwa da shafar matakin ribar kamfanoni. Sabili da haka, masana’antun Turai da Amurka kawai suna riƙe kasuwancin PCB tare da babban fasaha da sirrin ƙarfi, kamar soja da sararin samaniya, da kasuwancin jirgi mai sauri, kuma koyaushe suna rage kasuwancin PCB tare da gurɓataccen iska da ƙarancin riba. Ƙarfin samarwa a wannan ɓangaren kasuwancin ya koma Asiya, inda buƙatun muhalli ba su da ƙima kuma kashe muhalli ya yi kaɗan. Tsantsar manufofin muhalli kuma na kawo cikas ga sakin sabbin iya aiki. Masu yin PCB galibi suna haɓaka iya aiki ta hanyar faɗaɗa tsirrai da ke akwai ko buɗe sababbi. Amma a gefe guda, takunkumin dokar kare muhalli yana ƙara wahalar zaɓin wurin shuka; A daya bangaren kuma, karin kudin yana rage yawan kudaden da ake sa ran dawowar aikin, yana raunana yuwuwar aikin kuma yana kara wahalar tara kudade. Saboda dalilai guda biyu da ke sama, masana’antun Turai da Amurka suna saka hannun jari a sabbin ayyukan cikin hanzari fiye da masana’antun Asiya, don haka suna sakin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki, da faɗuwa a bayan Asiya a cikin ƙarfin PCB. Mainland market obtains price advantage with relatively low labor cost, while western manufacturers tend to be inferior in price war.Kudin kwadago a kasuwar ƙasa yana da fa’ida ta ɗan tsada. Kodayake a hankali ya inganta a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, har yanzu yana ƙasa da matakin ƙasashe masu tasowa a Turai da Amurka, haka nan yana ƙasa da matakin Japan da Koriya ta Kudu. Dangane da fa’idarsu a cikin kashe kuɗaɗen kare muhalli da ƙimar kwadago, masana’antun cikin babban yankin China na iya samun fa’idodin gasa tare da ƙarancin farashi fiye da na sauran yankuna, ta haka suna haɓaka rabon kasuwa.

2. Kasar Sin ta zama babbar kasuwar kayan masarufi a duniya, kuma sarkokin masana’antu na sama da na kasa suna ba da cikakken goyon baya ga bukatun masana’antar PCB.

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, masana’antun bayanai na lantarki na kasar Sin sun samu ci gaba cikin sauri kuma ma’aunin masana’antu ya na fadada. A shekarar 2015, masana’antun sarrafa bayanai na lantarki na kasar Sin sun samu babban kudin shiga na kasuwanci da ya kai Yuan triliyan 11.1, wanda shi ne na farko a duniya. A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu jigilar kayayyaki mafi kusa da samfuran tashoshi, buƙatar PCB a babban yankin China zai ci gaba da haɓaka tare da farin jini na samfuran tashar jirgin ƙasa. Dangane da haka, an samar da cikakkiyar sarkar masana’antar “foil na jan ƙarfe, filayen gilashi, resin, farantin karfe na tagulla da PCB” a ƙarshen samar da babban yankin China, wanda zai iya biyan buƙatun samarwa. Sabili da haka, bisa buƙatu, ƙarfin samar da masana’antar yana canjawa zuwa cikin ƙasa cikin sauƙi.

3. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta kirkiri bel din gungun masana’antu na PCB tare da kogin Pearl River Delta da Yangtze River Delta a matsayin muhimman wurare.

A cewar kungiyar da aka buga ta China CPCA, adadin kamfanonin masana’antu na PCB a cikin 2013 kusan 1,500 ne, galibi an rarraba su a yankin Pearl River Delta, Kogin Yangtze Delta da yankin Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta da Pearl River Delta yankuna biyu da aka lissafa kusan. 90% na jimlar fitarwa na PCB a cikin yankin China. Yawan samar da PCB a tsakiya da yammacin China kuma ya karu cikin sauri a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan. A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, saboda hauhawar farashin kwadago, wasu kamfanonin PCB sun canza karfin samar da su daga Pearl River Delta da Yangtze River Delta zuwa biranen da ke tsakiya da yammacin yankuna tare da ingantattun yanayi, kamar Huangshi a lardin Hubei, Guangde a Lardin Anhui, kai kara a lardin Sichuan, da dai sauransu. Yankin Delta na Kogin Pearl, yankin Delta na Kogin Yangtze don cin gajiyar hazaƙarsa, tattalin arziƙinsa, sarkar masana’antu, da samfura masu ƙima koyaushe da samfura masu ƙima.