Yakadhindwa Circuit Board, inozivikanwawo sePrinted Circuit Board, Printed Circuit Board, Printed Circuit Board. Iyo prototype yePCBS yakabva kunzira dzekuchinjana nhare mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 iro rakashandisa iyo pfungwa ye “Dunhu,” iyo yakaitwa nekucheka simbi firipi mukondakita nekuinamira pakati pemashizha maviri epa wax ibwe bepa. Mupfungwa yechokwadi yePBB yakazvarwa muma1930 s, inoshandisa kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, iine bhodhi yepasi yezvinhu, yakatemwa mune imwe saizi, iine imwe chete inoitisa mifananidzo, uye jira riine gomba (senge gomba rechinhu, fastening hole, hole metallization, nezvimwewo), yakashandiswa pachinzvimbo chekare mudziyo wemagetsi zvikamu zvechassis, uye woziva kubatana pakati pezvinhu zvemagetsi, Inoita basa rekutapurirana kutapurirana, iboka rekutsigira remagetsi zvigadzirwa, uye inozivikanwa se “amai vezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi”.

Kupatsanura neunyoro hwezvinhu zvepasi:

Dhata sosi: Ruzhinji dhata kubatanidzwa

Yakadhindwa redunhu pcb mushambadzi wekuparadzira wepasirese

Kubva muzana ramakumi maviri nemasere, nekuchinjiswa kwenyika indasitiri yezvemagetsi kubva kune dzakasimukira kuenda kuhupfumi dzichiri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira, Asia, kunyanya China, pashoma nepashoma yakave nyika inonyanya kukosha yemagetsi zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa. Muna 2016, mari yeChina yemagetsi yekugadzira indasitiri yekugadzira pamusoro pechiyero chakatarwa yakasvika 12.2 trillion yuan, ichikwira 8.4% gore pagore. Nekutama kwemagetsi emagetsi indasitiri cheni, pcb indasitiri, seyayo indasitiri, inoiswawo mu Mainland China, Southeast Asia nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeAsia. Pamberi pa2000, inopfuura 70% yeiyo yepasirese pcb kuburitsa kukosha kwakaparadzirwa muAmerica (kunyanya North America), Europe neJapan. Since the 21st century, the PCB industry has been shifting its focus to Asia. Parizvino, iyo goho kukosha kwePCB muAsia iri padyo ne90% yenyika, kunyanya muChina neSoutheast Asia. Kubva 2006, China yakapfuura Japan kuzova mugadziri wepasirese wepasirose, nePCB yakaburitsa uye goho chinzvimbo chekutanga pasirese. In recent years, the global economy is in a period of deep adjustment. The driving role of Europe, the United States, Japan and other major economies on the world economic growth has weakened significantly, and the PCB market in these countries has limited growth or even contracted. China iri kuramba ichibatanidzwa nehupfumi hwenyika, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inotora hafu yemusika wepcb wepasi rese. As the largest producer of PCB industry in the world, China accounted for 50.53% of the total output value of PCB industry in 2017, up from 31.18% in 2008.

Dhata sosi: Ruzhinji dhata kubatanidzwa

The big trend of industry moving east, the mainland is unique.

Iko kutarisa kwePBB indasitiri kuri kugara kuchinjira kuAsia, uye iko kugona kwekugadzira muAsia kuri kuramba kuchinjira kune mainland, ichiumba nyowani yeindasitiri pateni. Pamberi pa2000, 70% yeiyo yepasirese pcb kuburitsa kukosha kwakaparadzirwa muEurope, America (kunyanya North America) neJapan. Iine kuenderera kuchinjisa kwekugadzira kugona, iyo goho kukosha kwePCB muAsia iri padyo ne90% yepasirese, ichitungamira iyo PCB iri pasirese, nepo Chinese mainland yave dunhu rine rakanyanya kugadzirwa kugona kwePCB munyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumakore achangopfuura, kugona kwekugadzira muAsia kwakaratidza maitiro ekuchinjisa kubva kuJapan, South Korea neTaiwan kuenda kuinlandland China, izvo zvinoita kuti pcb yekugadzira kugona muInlandland China ikure pamwero we5% -7% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yepasi rose nhanho. Muna 2017, China kuti pcb goho achasvika isu $ 28.972 bhiriyoni, achiverengera anopfuura 50% of yose zvachose.

Iyo pcb yekukwanisa kugona kweEurope, America neTaiwan inoramba ichiendeswa kune mainland nekuda kwezvikonzero zvitatu zvinotevera:

1. Environmental protection policies in western countries are becoming stricter, forcing the PCB industry with relatively high emissions to move.

Iyo yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi ine inorema simbi kusvibisa, izvo zvinonzwisisika zvichakonzeresa yemuno kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza mukugadzira maitiro. In Europe and the United States, the government’s environmental protection requirements for PCB manufacturers are higher than domestic. Pasi pemabatiro akaomarara ekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza, mabhizinesi anodikanwa kuti asimudzire yakakwana nzira yekuchengetedza nharaunda, inozotungamira mukukwidziridzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemabhizinesi, kuwedzera mutengo wekutarisira uye kukanganisa danho remubhadharo wekambani. Naizvozvo, veEuropean neAmerican vagadziri vanochengeta bhizinesi rePBB nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye kuvanzika kwakasimba, senge kwemauto uye muchadenga, uye diki-batch bhodhi bhodhi bhizinesi, uye kugara uchideredza bhizinesi rePBB nekusvibisa kwakanyanya uye purofiti yakaderera. Production capacity in this part of the business has shifted to Asia, where environmental requirements are relatively loose and environmental spending is relatively low. Maitiro akaomarara ezvakatipoteredza ari kukanganisawo kuburitswa kwesimba nyowani. Vagadziri vePCB vanowanzo wedzera kugona nekuwedzera zvirimwa zviripo kana kuvhura zvitsva. Asi kune rimwe divi, kurambidzwa kwechikamu chekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza kunowedzera kuoma kwekusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yemiti; On the other hand, the increase of cost reduces the expected rate of return of the project, weakens the feasibility of the project and increases the difficulty of raising funds. Nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zviri pamusoro, vagadziri veEuropean neAmerica vanoisa mari muzvirongwa zvitsva zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura vagadziri veAsia, nokudaro vachiburitsa hunyanzvi hushoma, uye vachidonha kumashure kweAsia muPBB chinzvimbo. Mainland market obtains price advantage with relatively low labor cost, while western manufacturers tend to be inferior in price war.Mari yevashandi mumusika wepasi rose ine mukana wekuti mutengo wakaderera. Kunyangwe yakave nekuvandudza zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore achangopfuura, ichiri yakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo nyika dzakabudirira muEurope neUnited States, uye zvakare yakaderera pane iyo nhanho yeJapan neSouth Korea. Nekuda kwekubatsira kwavo mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nemubhadharo wevashandi, vagadziri mu mainland China vanogona kuwana mikana yekukwikwidzana nemitengo yakaderera pane iyo kune mamwe matunhu, nokudaro vachiwedzera mugove wemusika.

2. China rave musika wepasi rose wemagetsi wevatengi, uye makwikwi emakambani ekumusoro nekuzasi ari kutsigira zvizere zvido zveindasitiri yePCB.

Mumakore gumi apfuura, China yemagetsi indasitiri yeruzivo yakagadzira nekukurumidza uye huwandu hwayo hwemaindasitiri hwave huri kuwedzera. Muna 2015, mutengi weChina wemagetsi ekugadzira indasitiri akawana chikuru bhizimusi mari inosvika 11.1 trillion yuan, iri pekutanga pasirese. Seimwe yevatakuri vepedyo kune zvigadzirwa zvechigarire, kudiwa kwePCB mumhenderekedzo yeChina kucharamba kuchikura pamwe nemukurumbira wezvinhu zvekumusoro kwekupedzisira zvigadzirwa. Saizvozvowo, yakakwana indasitiri cheni ye “mhangura foil, girazi faibha, resini, mhangura yakapfeka ndiro nePCB” yakaumbwa kumagumo ekupa mainland China, ayo anogona kusangana nekukura kwekugadzira kudiwa. Naizvozvo, inotungamirwa nechinodiwa, iyo indasitiri yekugadzira inokwenenzverwa inoendeswa kunzvimbo yakaoma.

3. Parizvino, China yakaumba pcb indasitiri sumbu bhandi neparera Rwizi Delta uye Yangtze Rwizi Delta senzvimbo dzepakati.

Sekureva kweChina Yakadhindwa Circuit Association CPCA, huwandu hwemabhizimusi ePCB emabhizimusi mu2013 aive angangoita chiuru nemazana mashanu, achinyanya kugoverwa muPearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta neBohai Rim nharaunda, iyo Yangtze Rwizi Delta uye pearl Rwizi Delta matunhu maviri akaenzana 1,500% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwePCB muChina mainland. Pcb yekugadzira chinzvimbo pakati nepakati kumadokero kweChina yakawedzerawo nekukurumidza mumakore apfuura. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yevashandi, mamwe mabhizinesi ePBB akatamisa simba ravo rekugadzira kubva kuPearl River Delta neYangtze River Delta kuenda kumaguta ari pakati nepakati kumadokero nematunhu ari nani, akadai seHuangshi mudunhu reHubei, Guangde muPurovhinzi yeAnhui, kudhiraina muSichuan Province, nezvimwe. Iyo Pearl River Delta dunhu, iyo Yangtze Rwizi Delta dunhu kutora mukana tarenda rayo, hupfumi, indasitiri cheni, uye inogara iri yepamusoro-magumo zvigadzirwa uye yakakwira kukosha-yakawedzera zvigadzirwa.