Hatisitsoeng oa Potoloho Board, e tsejoang hape e le Boto ea Potoloho e Hatisitsoeng, Boto ea Potoloho e Hatisitsoeng, Boto ea Potoloho e Hatisitsoeng. Mohlala oa PCBS o ne o tsoa lits’ebetsong tsa phapanyetsano ea mohala mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo o neng o sebelisa mohopolo oa “Potoloho”, e neng e entsoe ka ho seha foil ea tšepe ho mokhanni le ho e maneha lipakeng tsa maqephe a mabeli a pampiri ea lejoe la boka. Ka kutloisiso ea ‘nete ea PCB e hlahile ka li 1930, e sebelisa tlhahiso ea elektroniki ea khatiso, e nang le lisebelisoa tsa boto e sireletsang, e sehiloeng ka boholo bo itseng, e nang le bonyane lits’oants’o tse le’ ngoe tse tsamaisang, ‘me lesela le na le lesoba (joalo ka lesoba la motsoako, lesoba, metallization ea lesoba, jj.), e sebelisitsoeng sebakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa pele tsa elektroniki tsa chassis, mme e lemoha khokahano lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa elektroniki, E bapala karolo ea phetiso ea phetisetso, ke sehlopha sa ts’ehetso sa likarolo tsa elektroniki, mme se tsejoa e le “mme oa lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki”.

Kemiso ka bonolo ba thepa ea motheo:

Mohloli oa litaba: Ho kopana ha litaba tsa sechaba

Hatisitsoeng oa potoloho PCB kabo maraka lefatše

Ho tloha lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, ka ho fetisoa ha indasteri ea tlhaiso-leseling ea elektroniki ho tloha linaheng tse tsoetseng pele ho ea ho linaha tse tsoelang pele moruong le linaheng tse tsoelang pele, Asia, haholo China, e se e fetohile setsi sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng sa tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea tlhahiso-leseling ea elektroniki. Ka 2016, lekeno la indasteri ea tlhahiso ea leseli la elektroniki la China kaholimo ho sekala se khethiloeng le fihlile ho li-yuan tse 12.2 trillion, e nyolohile ka 8.4% selemo le selemo. Ka ho fallisoa ha ketane ea indasteri ea tlhaiso-leseling ea elektroniki, indasteri ea PCB, joalo ka indasteri ea eona ea mantlha, le eona e tsepamisitsoe ho Mainland China, Asia Boroa-bochabela le libaka tse ling tsa Asia. Pele ho 2000, ho feta 70% ea boleng ba boleng ba lefatše ba PCB bo ile ba abuoa Amerika (haholo Amerika Leboea), Europe le Japane. Ho tloha lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, indasteri ea PCB e ntse e fetolela sepheo sa eona ho Asia. Hajoale, boleng ba tlhahiso ea PCB Asia bo haufi le 90% ea lefats’e, haholo China le Asia Boroa-bochabela. Ho tloha 2006, China e fetile Japane ho ba mohlahisi e moholo oa PCB oa lefats’e, ka tlhahiso ea PCB le boemo bo hlahisitsoeng pele lefatšeng. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, moruo oa lefatše o nakong ea phetoho e tebileng. Karolo ea ho khanna ea Yuropa, United States, Japane le linaha tse ling tse kholo tsa moruo holima kholo ea moruo oa lefats’e e fokolitse haholo, mme mmaraka oa PCB linaheng tsena o na le kholo e lekanyelitsoeng kapa ebile o bile le konteraka. China e ntse e tsoela pele ho hokahana le moruo oa lefats’e, mme butle-butle e nka halofo ea ‘maraka oa lefatše oa PCB. As the largest producer of PCB industry in the world, China accounted for 50.53% of the total output value of PCB industry in 2017, up from 31.18% in 2008.

Mohloli oa litaba: Ho kopana ha litaba tsa sechaba

Tloaelo e kholo ea indasteri e tsamaeang ka bochabela, naha e ikhethile.

Sepheo sa indasteri ea PCB e lula e fetohela Asia, ‘me matla a tlhahiso Asia a ntse a fetohela naheng e kholo, a etsa mokhoa o mocha oa indasteri. Pele ho 2000, 70% ea boleng ba tlhahiso ea PCB ea lefats’e e ne e abuoa Europe, Amerika (haholo Amerika Leboea) le Japane. Ka phetiso e tsoelang pele ea matla a tlhahiso, boleng ba tlhahiso ea PCB Asia bo haufi le 90% ea lefats’e, e etellang pele PCB lefatšeng, ha naha ea China e fetohile sebaka se nang le matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a tlhahiso ea PCB lefatšeng. Ka nako e ts’oanang, lilemong tsa morao tjena, matla a tlhahiso Asia a bontšitse mokhoa oa ho fetisa ho tloha Japane, Korea Boroa le Taiwan ho ea China naha, e leng se etsang hore tlhahiso ea PCB ho Mainland China e hōle ka sekhahla sa 5% -7% hodimo ho feta boemo ba lefatshe. Ka 2017, tlhahiso ea China ea PCB e tla fihla ho rona $ 28.972 billion, e ikarabellang ho feta 50% ea kakaretso ea lefatše.

Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea PCB ea Europe, Amerika le Taiwan bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho fetisetsoa naheng ka mabaka a mararo a latelang:

1. Environmental protection policies in western countries are becoming stricter, forcing the PCB industry with relatively high emissions to move.

Boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng e na le litšila tse matla tsa tšepe, tse tla baka tšilafalo ea tikoloho ts’ebetsong ea tlhahiso. Europe le United States, litlhoko tsa mmuso tsa ts’ireletso ea tikoloho bakeng sa baetsi ba PCB li phahame ho feta tse ruuoang lapeng. Tlas’a litekanyetso tse thata tsa ts’ireletso ea tikoloho, likhoebo li hloka ho theha sistimi e phethahetseng ea ts’ireletso ea tikoloho, e tla lebisa ho keketseho ea litšenyehelo tsa ts’ireletso ea tikoloho likhoebong, ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa taolo le ho ama boemo ba phaello ea likhoebo. Ka hona, bahlahisi ba Europe le Amerika ba boloka feela khoebo ea PCB ka mahlale a phahameng le lekunutu le matla, joalo ka sesole le sebaka sa marulelo, le khoebo e nyane ea li-board tse nyane, ‘me ba lula ba fokotsa khoebo ea PCB ka tšilafalo e phahameng le phaello e tlase. Bokhoni ba tlhahiso karolong ena ea khoebo bo se bo fetohetse Asia, moo litlhoko tsa tikoloho li batlang li lokolohile hape tšebeliso ea chelete ea tikoloho e le tlase. Melao e thata ea tikoloho le eona e sitisa ho hlahisoa ha matla a macha. Baetsi ba PCB hangata ba holisa bokhoni ka ho holisa limela tse seng li ntse li le teng kapa ho bula tse ncha. Empa ka lehlakoreng le leng, thibelo ea polelo ea ts’ireletso ea tikoloho e eketsa bothata ba khetho ea libaka tsa semela; Ka lehlakoreng le leng, keketseho ea theko e fokotsa sekhahla se lebelletsoeng sa ho khutla ha projeke, e fokolisa bokhoni ba projeke mme e eketsa bothata ba ho bokella chelete. Ka lebaka la mabaka a mabeli a kaholimo, baetsi ba Europe le Amerika ba tsetela mererong e mecha butle butle ho feta baetsi ba Asia, ka hona ba lokolla bokhoni bo bonyenyane, mme ba oela morao ho Asia ho PCB. Mainland market obtains price advantage with relatively low labor cost, while western manufacturers tend to be inferior in price war.Litsenyehelo tsa basebetsi ‘marakeng oa naha li na le monyetla oa litšenyehelo tse tlase. Le ha e ntlafetse hanyane ka hanyane lilemong tsa morao tjena, e ntse e le tlase haholo ho feta boemo ba linaha tse tsoetseng pele Europe le United States, hape e tlase ho feta boemo ba Japane le Korea Boroa. Ka lebaka la menyetla ea bona ts’ebelisong ea ts’ireletso ea tikoloho le litjeo tsa basebetsi, bahlahisi naheng ea China ba ka fumana menyetla ea tlholisano ka litheko tse tlase ho feta tse libakeng tse ling, ka hona ba holisa karolo ea mmaraka.

2. China e fetohile ‘maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki,’ me likhoele tsa indasteri e holimo le e tlase e ts’ehetsa ka botlalo litlhoko tsa indasteri ea PCB.

Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, indasteri ea tlhaiso-leseling ea China e tsoetse pele ka potlako mme sekhahla sa eona sa indasteri se ntse se hola. Ka 2015, indasteri ea tlhahiso ea tlhaiso-leseling ea bareki ea China e fihletse lekeno le leholo la khoebo la li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 11.1, e le boemong ba pele lefatšeng. Kaha ke e ‘ngoe ea bajari ba haufi haholo le lihlahisoa tsa litheko, tlhoko ea PCB naheng ea China e tla tsoela pele ho hola ka ho tsebahala ha lihlahisoa tse tlase tse tlase. Ka hona, ketane e felletseng ea “indasteri ea koporo, fiber ea khalase, lehoakhoa, poleiti e koahetsoeng ka koporo le PCB” e thehiloe pheletsong ea phepelo ea naha ea China, e ka fihlelang tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea tlhahiso. Ka hona, e khannoa ke tlhoko, matla a tlhahiso ea indasteri a fetisetsoa hantle ho naha.

3. Hajoale, China e thehile lebanta la indasteri ea PCB le pearl River Delta le Yangtze River Delta e le libaka tsa mantlha.

Ho ea ka China Printed Circuit Association CPCA, palo ea likhoebo tsa indasteri ea PCB ka 2013 e ne e ka ba 1,500, haholo-holo e ajoang Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta le Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta le perela River Delta libaka tse peli tse ikarabellang bakeng sa 90% ea palo yohle khumo ea PCB ka naha China. Matla a tlhahiso ea PCB bohareng le bophirima ho China le ona a holile ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka lebaka la ho phahama ha litjeo tsa basebetsi, likhoebo tse ling tsa PCB li fallisitse matla a tsona a tlhahiso ho tloha Pearl River Delta le Yangtze River Delta ho ea litoropong tse bohareng le bophirima tse nang le maemo a ntlafetseng joalo ka Huangshi profinseng ea Hubei, Guangde Profinseng ea Anhui, ho iphelisa ka Seterekeng sa Sichuan, jj. Sebaka sa Pearl River Delta, sebaka sa Yangtze River Delta ho nka monyetla ka talenta ea eona, moruo, ketane ea indasteri, le lihlahisoa tse lulang li le maemong a holimo le lihlahisoa tse eketsoang ka boleng bo holimo.