1. Momwe mungasankhire PCB bolodi?

Kusankhidwa kwa bolodi la PCB kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakapangidwe kake ndikupanga misa ndi mtengo wake pakati. Zofunikira pakapangidwe kazinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Izi ndizofunikira popanga ma board a PCB othamanga kwambiri (ma frequency opitilira GHz). Mwachitsanzo, zinthu za fr-4 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano sizingakhale zoyenera chifukwa kutaya kwa ma dielectric angapo pa GHz kumakhudza kwambiri kuchepa kwa siginecha. Pankhani yamagetsi, samverani kuwonongeka kwa dielectric kosalekeza komanso ma dielectric pafupipafupi.

2. Kodi mungapewe bwanji kusokonezedwa kwapafupipafupi?

Lingaliro lofunikira popewa kusokonezedwa kwapafupipafupi ndikuchepetsa kusokonekera kwamphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi, yotchedwanso Crosstalk. Mutha kuwonjezera mtunda pakati pa siginecha yothamanga ndi siginecha ya analogi, kapena onjezani kulondera / kusinthana kwa chizindikirocho. Komanso mverani nthaka yadijito kusokonekera kwa phokoso la analog.

3. Kodi mungathetse bwanji vuto la kukhulupirika pazizindikiro pamapangidwe othamanga kwambiri?

Kukhulupirika pazizindikiro kwenikweni ndi nkhani yofananira ndi impedance. Zomwe zimakhudza kufanana kwa ma impedance zimaphatikizapo zomangamanga zama signature, kutulutsa kwa zotulutsa, mawonekedwe amtambo, mawonekedwe anyanja, ndi zomangamanga zama chingwe. Yankho lake ndi * terminaTIon ndikusintha malingaliro a chingwe.

4. Kodi kuzindikira masiyanidwe Kulumikizana?

Kulumikizana kwa magulu awiriwa kuli ndi mfundo ziwiri zoti muzimvetsere. Choyamba ndikuti kutalika kwa mizere iwiriyo kuyenera kukhala kwakutali momwe zingathere, ndipo inayo ndikuti mtunda wapakati pa mizere iwiri (yotsimikizika ndi kusiyana kwa impedance) uyenera kukhalabe wokhazikika, ndiye kuti, ukhale wofanana. Pali mitundu iwiri yofanana: imodzi ndiyakuti mizere iwiri imayendera chimodzimodzi mbali imodzi, ndipo inayo ndiyakuti mizere iwiri imayendera magawo awiri oyandikira kumtunda ndi kumunsi. Nthawi zambiri, kukhazikitsa koyambilira kwa mbali kumakhala kofala kwambiri.

5. Kodi mungazindikire bwanji kulumikizana kwa zingwe zamagetsi ndi wotchi imodzi?

Kufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma waya oyenera kusiyanasiyana kuyenera kukhala gwero lazizindikiro ndikulandila mathedwerowo ndi chizindikiro chosiyanitsa ndichofunikira. Chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zosiyanitsira ma siginolo a wotchi ndi kutulutsa kumodzi kokha.

6. Kodi kulimbana kofananira kungawonjezeke pakati pamiyeso iwiri yolumikizana kumapeto?

Kulimbana kofananira pakati pa mizere iwiri pamiyeso yolandila nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeredwa, ndipo kufunikira kwake kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi mtengo wamaimidwe osiyana. Mtundu wazizindikiro udzakhala wabwinoko.

7. Chifukwa chiyani kulumikizana kwa zingwe za magulu awiri osiyana kuyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri komanso kofanana?

Kulumikizana kwa mawiri awiriwa kuyenera kukhala koyenera moyandikana bwino. Kutalika koyenera kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa impedance, komwe ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga magulu awiri osiyana. Kufanananso kumafunikanso kuti pakhale kusasinthasintha kwamakanema amasiyana. Ngati mizere iwiriyo ili kutali kapena pafupi, kusiyana kwamiyeso sikungakhale kosemphana, komwe kumakhudza kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro ndi kuchedwa kwa TIming.

8. Momwe mungathanirane ndi mikangano yopeka mu zingwe zenizeni?

(1). Kwenikweni, ndibwino kusiyanitsa ma module / manambala. Samalani kuti musawoloke MOAT komanso kuti musalole kuti magetsi ndi njira yobwererera ikule kwambiri.

(2). Crystal oscillator ndimayendedwe oyeserera oyendetsera bwino, ndipo zizindikilo zokhazikika zimayenera kukumana ndi tanthauzo la kuzungulira ndi gawo, zomwe zimasokonekera, ngakhale kulondera nthaka sikungathe kupatula kusokonezedwa. Ndipo kutali kwambiri, phokoso lakumpanda kwa ndege lidzakhudzanso mayendedwe osangalatsa a mayendedwe. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti makina osungunulira galasi ndi chip ali pafupi kwambiri momwe zingathere.

(3). Zowonadi, pali mikangano yambiri pakati pazofunikira kwambiri zamagetsi ndi zofunikira za EMI. Komabe, mfundo yayikulu ndiyoti chifukwa cha kukana mphamvu kapena Ferrite Bead yowonjezeredwa ndi EMI, zina zamagetsi zamagetsi sizingachitike chifukwa cholephera kukwaniritsa zomwe zanenedwa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokonza zingwe ndi PCB kuti ithetse kapena kuchepetsa mavuto a EMI, monga kuyika ma siginecha othamanga. Pomaliza, resistor capacitance kapena njira ya Ferrite Bead idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chizindikirocho.

9. Kodi mungathetse bwanji kusamvana pakati pa zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi makina othamangitsira azizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri?

Masiku ano, zida zambiri zokhazokha zokhazokha zokhazokha zakhazikitsa zopinga zowongolera mayendedwe olowera ndi kuchuluka kwa mabowo. Makampani a EDA nthawi zina amasiyana mosiyanasiyana pokhazikitsa kuthekera ndi zopinga za injini zopota. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali zopinga zokwanira kuwongolera momwe serpenTIne mizere imawombera, ngati pali zopinga zokwanira zowongolera kusiyana kwa awiriawiri, etc. Izi zidzakhudza ngati zingwe zolumikizira zokha zomwe zingagwirizane ndi malingaliro a wopanga. Komanso, zovuta kusintha Buku Kulumikizana ndi zogwirizana mwamtheradi ndi mphamvu ya kumulowetsa injini. Mwachitsanzo, waya akukankha mphamvu, kudzera dzenje mphamvu akukankha, ndipo ngakhale waya pa coating kuyanika mkuwa kukankhira mphamvu ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, sankhani chingwe ndi kuthekera kwamphamvu kwa injini, ndiyo njira yothetsera.

10. Za Coupon Yoyesera.

Coupon Yoyeserera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza ngati mawonekedwe amtundu wa PCB WABWINO akwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga pogwiritsa ntchito Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR). Nthawi zambiri, impedance yowongolera ndi mzere umodzi komanso kusiyanasiyana kwamilandu iwiri. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa mzere ndi kutalika kwa mzere (ngati kusiyanasiyana) pa Coupon Yoyeserera kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi mzere womwe ukuwongoleredwa. Chofunika kwambiri ndi malo a maziko. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kutsogolera kwa nthaka, kafukufuku wa TDR nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi kafukufuku. Chifukwa chake, mtunda ndi njira yoyezera malo osonyeza chizindikiro ndi poyambira poyesa Coupon iyenera kutsatira kafukufuku yemwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito.

11. Mu kapangidwe ka PCB yothamanga kwambiri, malo osowapo osanjikiza amatha kukhala wokutidwa ndi mkuwa, komanso momwe mungagawire zokutidwa ndi mkuwa pamtunda ndi magetsi azigawo zingapo za siginecha?

Kawirikawiri m’malo opanda kanthu zokutira zamkuwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi. Ingoyang’anirani mtunda wapakati pa mkuwa ndi mzere wazizindikiro mukamagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa pafupi ndi mzere wothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa mkuwa woyikapo umachepetsa kupindika kwa mzerewo. Komanso samalani kuti musakhudze mawonekedwe amitundu ina, monga momwe amapangira mizere iwiri.

12. Kodi mzere wazizindikiro pamwamba pa ndege yamagetsi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengera mawonekedwe amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mzere wama microstrip? Kodi chizindikiro pakati pa magetsi ndi ndege yapansi chitha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wa riboni?

Inde, ndege zamagetsi ndi ndege zapansi ziyenera kuonedwa ngati ndege zowerengera pakawerengedwa momwe amathandizira. Mwachitsanzo, bolodi lamasamba anayi: wosanjikiza pamwambapa – wosanjikiza mphamvu – wosanjikiza – wosanjikiza pansi. Poterepa, mtundu wa mawonekedwe am’mayendedwe apamwamba ndi mtundu wa microstrip mzere wokhala ndi ndege yamphamvu ngati ndege yolozera.

13. Kodi malo oyeserera omwe angapangidwe ndi mapulogalamu a PCB osalimba kwambiri angakwaniritse zofunikira pazoyeserera zambiri?

Kaya malo oyeserera omwe amapangidwa ndi mapulogalamu wamba amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo zimadalira kuti momwe malowedwe owonjezerekera akukwaniritsira zofunikira pamakina oyesera. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kulumikizana kuli kothina kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe owonjezera mayesowa ndi okhwima, mwina sangangowonjezera mayesedwe pagawo lililonse la mzere, zachidziwikire, muyenera kumaliza pamanja mayeso.

14. Kodi kuwonjezeredwa kwa mayeso kumakhudza bwanji zizindikilo zothamanga kwambiri?

Kaya zimakhudza mtundu wazizindikiro zimadalira momwe mfundo zoyeserera zikuwonjezekera komanso momwe chizindikirocho chilili mwachangu. Kwenikweni, zowonjezera zowonjezera (osati kudzera kapena pini ya DIP ngati malo oyeserera) zitha kuwonjezedwa pamzere kapena kutulutsidwa pamzere. Zoyambazo ndizofanana ndi kuwonjezera kandalama kakang’ono kwambiri pamzera, yomalizirayi ndi nthambi yowonjezera. Zinthu ziwirizi zimakhudza kwambiri zizindikilo zothamanga kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwake kumakhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwa liwiro komanso kuchepa kwa chizindikiro. Mphamvu imatha kupezeka mwakufanizira. Momwemonso, malo ochepetsera mayeso amakhala ocheperako, ndibwino (kumene, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamakina oyeserera) kufupikitsa kwa nthambi, kumakhala bwino.

15. A angapo dongosolo PCB, kodi kulumikiza nthaka pakati pa matabwa?

Chizindikiro kapena magetsi pakati pa bolodi lililonse la PCB atalumikizidwa, mwachitsanzo, Bolodi ili ndi magetsi kapena chizindikiro ku B board, payenera kukhala kuchuluka kofananira kwamakono kuchokera pansi kutsikira kubwerera ku A board (iyi ndi Kirchoff malamulo apano). Zomwe zilipo pakadali pano zibwerera ku impedance yotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zikhomo zomwe zimaperekedwa pakupanga siziyenera kukhala zotsika kwambiri pamawonekedwe aliwonse, kaya mphamvu kapena kulumikizana kwa siginecha, kuti ichepetse kuthamangitsidwa ndikuchepetsa phokoso lakapangidwe. Ndikothekanso kusanthula kuzungulira konsekonse, makamaka gawo lalikulu pakadali pano, ndikusintha kulumikizana kwa nthaka kapena nthaka kuti izitha kuyendetsa pakadali pano (mwachitsanzo, kupanga malo otsika pang’ono pamalo amodzi kotero kuti ambiri Zomwe zikuyenda pakadutsa malowa), zochepetsera zovuta zina.