1. Indlela yokukhetha Ibhodi PCB?

Ukukhethwa kwebhodi ye-PCB kufuneka kuhlangane neemfuno zoyilo kunye nemveliso emininzi kunye neendleko zokulinganisela phakathi. Iimfuno zoyilo zibandakanya izixhobo zombane kunye nezomatshini. Oku kuhlala kubalulekile xa kuyilwa iibhodi zePBB ezikhawulezayo (amaza amakhulu kuneGHz). Umzekelo, i-fr-4 yezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo namhlanje zisenokungafaneleki kuba ilahleko ye-dielectric kwi-GHz ezininzi inefuthe elikhulu ekunciphiseni uphawu. Kwimeko yombane, nikela ingqalelo kwilahleko ye-dielectric rhoqo kunye nelahleko lwe-dielectric kwimo eyenzelwe rhoqo.

2.Ukuphepha njani ukuphazamiseka rhoqo?

Uluvo olusisiseko lokuthintela ukuphazamiseka okuhamba rhoqo kukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwentsimi ye-electromagnetic field, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiCrosstalk. Ungawonyusa umgama phakathi kwesiginali yesantya esiphezulu kunye nesiginali ye-analog, okanye ukongeza ukugada komhlaba / umkhondo we-shunt kwisiginali ye-analog. Nika ingqalelo kumhlaba wedijithali kukuphazamiseka kwengxolo yomhlaba we-analog.

3. Uyisombulula njani ingxaki yokuthembeka komqondiso kuyilo olukhawulezayo?

Ukunyaniseka komqondiso ngokusisiseko ngumcimbi wokuthelekiswa kwe-impedance. Izinto ezichaphazela ukungqinelana kwe-impedance zibandakanya uyilo lomthombo wesiginali, impedance yokuphuma, intambo yempawu yekhebula, uphawu lwecala lomthwalo, kunye nolwakhiwo lwekhebula. Isisombululo * terminaTIon kwaye uhlengahlengise i-topology yekhebula.

4. Ungayiqonda njani i-wiring eyahlukileyo?

Ukuncitshiswa kwentambo yesibini somahluko kunamanqaku amabini okuhoya. Enye kukuba ubude bemigca emibini kufanele ukuba bube bude kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye enye kukuba umgama phakathi kwemigca emibini (omiselwe ngumahluko wempazamo) kufuneka uhlale uhlala uhleli, oko kukuthi, ukugcina ukufana. Zimbini iindlela ezihambelanayo: enye yeyokuba le mizila mibini ibaleka kwicala elinye icala-nge-icala, kwaye enye kukuba le mizila mibini ibaleka kumaleyisi amabini akwiingqimba eziphezulu nezisezantsi. Ngokubanzi, ukuphunyezwa kwecala ngecala kuqhelekile.

5.Ukuqonda njani ukungafani kweentambo zomgca weempawu zewotshi kunye nesiphelo esinye kuphela?

Ufuna ukusebenzisa i-wiring eyahlukileyo kufuneka ube ngumthombo wesiginali kunye nokufumana isiphelo kwakhona ngumqondiso owahlukileyo unentsingiselo. Ke akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-wiring eyahlukileyo kwisiginali yewotshi enesiphumo esinye kuphela.

6. Ngaba ukunganyangeki okuhambelanayo kungongezwa phakathi kwezahlulo zomgca umahluko kwisiphelo sokufumana?

Ukuchasana okuhambelana phakathi kwemigca eyahlukileyo kwisiphelo sokufumana kuhlala kongezwa, kwaye ixabiso laso kufuneka lilingane nexabiso lokungafani okungafaniyo. Umgangatho wesiginali uya kuba ngcono.

7. Kutheni le nto iintambo zeeyantlukwano zezibini zisondele kwaye zingqinelane?

Ukucinywa kwezibini ezahlukileyo kufanele ukuba kusondele ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kungqinelane. Ukuphakama okufanelekileyo kungenxa yomahluko wokuphazamiseka, okuyiparameter ebalulekileyo kuyilo lokwahlukahlukana kwezibini. Ukungqinelana kuyafuneka kwakhona ukugcina ukungaguquguquki kokuphazamiseka umahluko. Ukuba le mizila mibini ikude okanye ikufuphi, ukungafani kuya kungahambelani, okuchaphazela ukuthembeka komqondiso kunye nokulibaziseka kwe-TIming.

8. Ungajongana njani neengxabano zethiyori kwezona ziintambo?

(1). Ngokusisiseko, kulungile ukwahlula iimodyuli / amanani. Unonophelo kufuneka lwenziwe ukuba ungaweli i-MOAT kwaye ungavumeli ukunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nokubuyela umqondiso kwindlela yangoku ikhule kakhulu.

(2). I-Crystal oscillator sisimo sokujikeleza esifanelekileyo sempendulo, kwaye imiqondiso ezinzileyo yokuhamba kufuneka ihlangane nenkcazo yokufumana kunye nenqanaba, ezo zithambekele ekuphazanyisweni, nokuba umkhondo wokhuseleko lomhlaba awunakho ukwahlula ngokupheleleyo ukuphazamiseka. Kwaye ukude kakhulu, ingxolo kwindiza esemhlabeni iya kuchaphazela nengxelo entle yokujikeleza kwesekethe. Ke ngoko, qiniseka ukwenza i-crystal oscillator kunye ne-chip zisondele kangangoko.

(3). Ewe kunjalo, kukho ukungqubana okuninzi phakathi kwesantya esiphezulu sentsimbi kunye neemfuno ze-EMI. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo osisiseko kukuba ngenxa ye-capacitance yokumelana okanye i-Ferrite Bead yongezwa yi-EMI, ezinye zeempawu zombane zomqondiso azinakubangelwa kukusilela ukuhlangabezana neenkcukacha. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukusebenzisa ubuchule bokucwangcisa ii-wiring kunye ne-PCB stacking ukusombulula okanye ukunciphisa iingxaki ze-EMI, ezinje ngesantya esiphezulu sombane. Okokugqibela, i-resistor capacitance okanye indlela ye-Ferrite Bead yayisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umonakalo kumqondiso.

9. Ukusombulula njani ukungangqinelani phakathi kokufaka iintambo ngesandla kunye nokufaka iintambo ngokuzenzekelayo kwimiqondiso yesantya esiphezulu?

Kule mihla, uninzi lwezixhobo zekhabhathi ezizenzekelayo kwisoftware eyomeleleyo yokufaka iikhabhathi zibeke imiqobo yokulawula indlela yokubhijela kunye nenani lemingxunya. Iinkampani ze-EDA ngamanye amaxesha ziyahluka ngokubanzi ekumiseleni amandla kunye nezithintelo kwiinjini ezijikelezayo. Umzekelo, ingaba kukho izithintelo ezaneleyo zokulawula indlela i-serpenTIne imigca yomoya, nokuba kukho imiqobo eyaneleyo yokulawula isithuba seeyantlukwano ezibini, njl. Oku kuyakuchaphazela ukuba ngaba iintambo ezenzekelayo ngaphandle kweentambo zingangqinelana nombono womyili. Ukongeza, ubunzima uhlengahlengiso kweentambo zemiyalezo ikwanxulumene ngokupheleleyo nokukwazi ukujija injini. Umzekelo, ucingo ukutyhala umthamo, ngokusebenzisa emngxunyeni ukutyhala umthamo, nkqu ucingo lobhedu ukutyabeka umthamo ukutyhala umthamo njalo njalo. Ke, khetha i-cabler enesakhono esomeleleyo se-injini, yindlela yokusombulula.

10. Malunga neKhuphoni loVavanyo.

Ikhuphoni yoVavanyo isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuba ngaba impedance yempawu yebhodi yePCB EFANELEKILEyo iyazifezekisa iimfuno zoyilo ngokusebenzisa i-Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR). Ngokubanzi, impedance kulawulo ilayini enye kunye nokwahluka kwamatyala amabini. Ke ngoko, ububanzi bomgca kunye nokushiyeka komgca (ukuba umahluko) kwiKhuphoni loVavanyo kufuneka ulingane nomgca olawulwayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yindawo yokubeka indawo. Ukunciphisa ixabiso lokukhokelela kumhlaba okhokelayo, inqaku lomhlaba lenkqubo ye-TDR ihlala ikufutshane kakhulu kwincam yesixhobo. Ke ngoko, umgama kunye nendlela yokulinganisa inqaku lomqondiso kunye nenqaku lomhlaba kuvavanyo lweKhuphoni kufuneka lihambelane nenkqubo esetyenzisiweyo.

11. Kuyilo lwe-PCB olukhawulezayo, indawo engenanto yomaleko wesiginali inokuthanjiswa ngobhedu, kwaye usasaze njani ubhedu-camera kumhlaba kunye nonikezelo lwamandla lwee-maleko zemiqondiso emininzi?

Ngokubanzi kwindawo engenanto yokutyabeka ubhedu uninzi lwetyala lisekwe. Mane ujonge umgama phakathi kobhedu kunye nomgca wesiginali xa ubhedu lusetyenziswa ecaleni komgca wesiginali esiphakamileyo, kuba ubhedu olufakiweyo luya kunciphisa impedance yempawu yomgca. Kwakhona ulumke ungachaphazeli impedance yolunye uphawu, njengakwimigca emibini yolwakhiwo.

12. Ngaba umgca womqondiso ongaphezulu kwenqwelomoya yokuhambisa umbane unokusetyenziselwa ukubala impedance yempawu usebenzisa imodeli yomgca we-microstrip? Ngaba umqondiso phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye nenqwelomoya yomhlaba ungabalwa kusetyenziswa imodeli yeribhoni?

Ewe, zombini inqwelomoya kunye nenqwelomoya yomhlaba kufuneka ziqwalaselwe njengeenqwelomoya xa kubalwa impedance yempawu. Umzekelo, ibhodi enemaleko emine: umaleko ophezulu-umaleko wamandla-umtya-umaleko wasezantsi. Kule meko, umfuziselo we-laying ephezulu ye-impedance ebonakalayo yimodeli yomgca we-microstrip kunye nenqwelomoya yamandla njengenqwelomoya.

13. Ngaba amanqaku ovavanyo anokuveliswa ngokuzenzekelayo yisoftware kwi-PCB ephezulu yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo kwimveliso yobunzima ngokubanzi?

Nokuba amanqaku ovavanyo aveliswe ngokuzenzekelayo sisoftware ngokubanzi anokuhlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba iinkcukacha zamanqaku ovavanyo ongezelelweyo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zomatshini wokuvavanya. Ukongeza, ukuba iingcingo zixinene kakhulu kwaye imigaqo yokongeza amanqaku ovavanyo ingqongqo, ayinakukwazi ukongeza ngokuzenzekelayo amanqaku ovavanyo kwicandelo ngalinye lomgca, ewe, kuya kufuneka ugcwalise ngesandla indawo yovavanyo.

14. Ngaba ukongezwa kwamanqaku ovavanyo kuya kuwuchaphazela umgangatho weempawu zesantya esiphezulu?

Nokuba ichaphazela umgangatho wesiginali kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezongezwa ngayo amanqaku ovavanyo kunye nokuba ukhawuleza kangakanani umqondiso. Ngokusisiseko, amanqaku ovavanyo ongezelelweyo (hayi nge okanye nge-DIP pin njengamanqaku ovavanyo) anokongezwa emgceni okanye akhutshwe emgceni. Ixesha langaphambili lilingana nokongeza i-capacitor encinci emgceni, elokugqibela lisebe elongezelelweyo. Zombini ezi meko zimbini zinempembelelo engaphezulu okanye encinci kwiimpawu zesantya esiphezulu, kwaye inqanaba lempembelelo lihambelana nesantya sokuhamba kunye neqondo lomda womqondiso. Impembelelo inokufunyanwa ngokulinganisa. Ngokomgaqo, ubuncinci inqaku lovavanyo, kungcono (ewe, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomatshini wovavanyo) ngokufutshane isebe, ngcono.

15. Inani lenkqubo yePCB, uqhagamshela njani umhlaba phakathi kweebhodi?

Xa isiginali okanye unikezelo lwamandla phakathi kwebhodi nganye yePCB idityanisiwe, umzekelo, Ibhodi inombane okanye isignali kwibhodi ye-B, kufuneka kubekho inani elilinganayo langoku ukusuka kumgangatho wokuya umva ubuyele kwibhodi ye-A (le yiKirchoff umthetho wangoku). Okwangoku kolu luhlu kuyakufumana indlela ebuyela kwisithintelo esisezantsi. Ke ngoko, inani lezikhonkwane ezinikezelwe kulwakhiwo akufuneki libe sezantsi kakhulu kunxibelelwano ngalunye, nokuba amandla okanye uqhagamshelo lomqondiso, ukunciphisa impedance kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo yokwakheka. Kuyenzeka ukuba uhlalutye iluphu yangoku, ngakumbi icandelo elikhulu langoku, kwaye uhlengahlengise unxibelelwano lomhlaba okanye umhlaba ukulawula ukuhamba okwangoku (umzekelo, ukwenza impedance esezantsi kwindawo enye ukuze uninzi Ukuhamba ngoku kule ndawo), ukunciphisa impembelelo kwezinye iimpawu ezibuthathaka ngakumbi.