1. Isa chikamu chinonyanya kukosha pakutanga

Chii chinonyanya kukosha?

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chebhodhi redunhu chakakosha. Zvisinei, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukugadzirisa kwedunhu ndeizvi, unogona kuzviti “core components”. Zvinosanganisira connectors, switches, power sockets, etc. Mune yako PCB marongerwo, isa zvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi pakutanga.

2. Ita iyo yakakosha / yakakura zvikamu pakati pePCB marongerwo

Iyo yakakosha chikamu chikamu chinoona basa rakakosha redhizaini dhizaini. Vaite ivo pakati pePCB yako dhizaini. Kana chikamu chacho chakakura, chinofanirawo kuiswa pakati pekugadzirisa. Wobva waisa zvimwe zvikamu zvemagetsi zvakatenderedza core/mahombe components.

3. Zviviri zvipfupi uye zvina zvakaparadzana

Yako PCB dhizaini inofanira kusangana zvinotevera zvitanhatu zvinodiwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Iyo yakazara wiring inofanira kuva pfupi. Chiratidzo chakakosha chinofanira kuva chipfupi. Iyo yakakwirira yemagetsi uye yakakwirira ikozvino zviratidzo zvakaparadzaniswa zvachose kubva kune yakaderera voltage uye yakaderera ikozvino zviratidzo. Chiratidzo cheanalog uye chiratidzo chedhijitari chakaparadzaniswa mudhizaini yedunhu. Iyo yakakwira frequency chiratidzo uye yakaderera frequency chiratidzo inoparadzaniswa. Iyo yakakwirira frequency zvikamu zvinofanirwa kuparadzaniswa uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pazvo chinofanira kunge chiri kure sezvinobvira.

4. Rongedzo yakajairika-yunifomu, yakaenzana uye yakanaka

The standard circuit board iyunifomu, giravhiti-yakaenzana uye yakanaka. Ndokumbira uchengete chiyero ichi mupfungwa paunenge uchikwenenzvera chimiro chePCB. Uniformity zvinoreva kuti zvikamu uye wiring zvakagoverwa zvakaenzana muPCB marongerwo. Kana marongerwo ari yunifomu, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinofanirawo kuva rakaenzana. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti PCB yakadzikama inogona kugadzira yakagadzikana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.

5. Kutanga ita chiratidzo chekudzivirira uye wozosefa

PCB inotumira zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana pairi zvinotumira zviratidzo zvavo. Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza chiratidzo chechikamu chimwe nechimwe uye kudzivirira kupindira kwechiratidzo kutanga, uye wozofunga kusefa mafungu anokuvadza ezvikamu zvemagetsi. Nguva dzose yeuka mutemo uyu. Chii chekuita maererano nemutemo uyu? Zano rangu nderekuisa kusefa, kuchengetedza uye kuparadzaniswa mamiriro eiyo interface chiratidzo padhuze neiyo interface yekubatanidza. Kudzivirirwa kwechiratidzo kunoitwa kutanga, uye ipapo kusefa kunoitwa.

6. Sarudza ukuru uye nhamba yezvikamu zvePCB nekukurumidza sezvinobvira

Sarudza saizi yebhodhi redunhu uye nhamba yetambo dzewaya mumatanho ekutanga ePCB marongero. zvakafanira. Chikonzero ndecheiyi. Aya akaturikidzana uye akaturikidzana anokanganisa zvakananga wiring uye impedance yeakadhindwa edunhu mitsetse. Uyezve, kana saizi yebhodhi redunhu yakatemwa, iyo stack uye hupamhi hweakadhindwa edunhu mitsetse inoda kutsunga kuzadzisa inotarisirwa PCB dhizaini mhedzisiro. Zvakanakisisa kushandisa mitsara yakawanda yedunhu sezvinobvira uye kugovera mhangura zvakafanana.

7. Sarudza PCB yekugadzira mitemo uye zvipingamupinyi

Kuti ubudirire kuita nzira, iwe unofanirwa kunyatso funga nezve dhizaini zvinodiwa uye kuita kuti chigadziro chekushandisa chishande pasi pemitemo yakarurama uye zvipingamupinyi, izvo zvichanyanya kukanganisa kushanda kwechigadziro chekushandisa. Saka ndoita sei? Zvinoenderana nekutanga, ese masaini mitsara ane zvakakosha zvinodiwa anoiswa. Iyo yakakwirira iyo inonyanya kukosha, iyo yakasimba mitemo yemutsara wechiratidzo. Mitemo iyi inosanganisira hupamhi hweakadhindwa mitsara yedunhu, iyo yakawanda nhamba yevias, parallelism, mutual pesvedzero pakati pemitsara yechiratidzo, uye zvirambidzo zvemutsetse.

8. Sarudza mitemo yeDFM yegadziriro yechikamu

DFM ndiyo chidimbu che “dhizaini yekugadzira” uye “dhizaini yekugadzira”. Mitemo yeDFM ine pesvedzero huru pakurongeka kwezvikamu, kunyanya kukwenenzvera kwemaitiro ekugadzira mota. Kana iyo dhipatimendi regungano kana PCB gungano kambani inobvumira zvinofamba zvinoriumba, dunhu rinogona kuvandudzwa kuti riite otomatiki nzira. Kana usina chokwadi nezvemitemo yeDFM, unokwanisa kuwana sevhisi yeDFM yemahara kubva kuPCBONLINE. Mitemo inosanganisira:

Muchigadziro chePCB, magetsi ekugadzirisa decoupling circuit inofanira kuiswa pedyo nedunhu rakakodzera, kwete chikamu chemagetsi. Zvikasadaro, ichakanganisa iyo bypass mhedzisiro uye ikonzeresa pulsating ikozvino patambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi kuyerera, zvichikonzera kukanganisa.

Kune kutungamira kwemagetsi mukati medunhu, magetsi anofanirwa kubva padanho rekupedzisira kusvika padanho rakapfuura, uye iyo magetsi ekupa sefa capacitor inofanira kuiswa pedyo nedanho rekupedzisira.

Kune imwe huru yazvino wiring, kana iwe uchida kubvisa kana kuyera ikozvino panguva yekugadzirisa uye kuyedza, iwe unofanirwa kuseta gap razvino pane yakadhindwa yedunhu mutsara panguva yePCB marongero.

Mukuwedzera, kana zvichibvira, simba rakagadzikana remagetsi rinofanira kuiswa pane imwe bhodhi yakadhindwa. Kana magetsi uye dunhu riri pabhodhi rakadhindwa, paradzanisa magetsi uye zvikamu zvedunhu uye usashandise tambo yepasi.

Sei?

Nokuti hatidi kukonzera kupindira. Mukuwedzera, nenzira iyi, mutoro unogona kubviswa panguva yekugadzirisa, kubvisa kudiwa kwekucheka chikamu chemutsetse wedunhu rakadhindwa uye kukuvadza bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa.

9. Imwe neimwe yakaenzana pamusoro pegomo ine kanenge kamwe kuburikidza neburi

Munguva yekugadzira fan-out, panofanira kunge paine imwe chete kuburikidza neburi kune yega yega gomo repamusoro rakaenzana nechikamu. Nenzira iyi, kana iwe uchida zvimwe zvinongedzo, iwe unogona kubata mukati mekubatanidza, kuyedza pamhepo, uye kudzokorora dunhu pabhodhi redunhu.

10. Manual wiring pamberi otomatiki wiring

Munguva yakapfuura, munguva yakapfuura, yakagara iri manual wiring, iyo yakagara iri nzira inodiwa yekudhindwa kwebhodhi redhizaini.

Sei?

Pasina manyore wiring, otomatiki wiring chishandiso hachikwanise kupedzisa kupedzisa wiring. Nemanyorero wiring, iwe uchagadzira nzira inova hwaro hwe otomatiki wiring.

Saka sei nzira manually?

Ungangoda kutora nekugadzirisa mamwe mambure akakosha muhurongwa. Chekutanga, masaini makiyi nzira nemaoko kana nerubatsiro rweotomatiki nzira dzekushandisa. Mamwe ma parameter emagetsi (akadai seakagoverwa inductance) anoda kuiswa sediki sezvinobvira. Zvadaro, tarisa wiring yezvikwangwani zvakakosha, kana kubvunza vamwe mainjiniya vane ruzivo kana PCBONLINE kuti vabatsire kutarisa. Zvino, kana pasina dambudziko newaya, ndapota gadzirisa waya paPCB uye wotanga kufambisa mamwe masaini otomatiki.

Precautions:

Nekuda kweiyo impedance yewaya yepasi, pachava neakajairika impedance kupindira kwedunhu.

11. Seta zvipingaidzo uye mitemo yeotomatiki nzira

Mazuvano, otomatiki routing maturusi ane simba zvikuru. Kana zvimhingamipinyi nemitemo zvakaiswa nenzira kwayo, vanogona kupedzisa ingangoita 100% nzira.

Ehe, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wanzwisisa maparamendi ekuisa uye mhedzisiro yeiyo otomatiki nzira yekushandisa.

Kufambisa mitsara yechiratidzo, mitemo yakawanda inofanira kugamuchirwa, kureva, zvidimbu izvo chiratidzo chinopfuura uye nhamba yemaburi inotarwa nekuisa zvipingamupinyi uye nzvimbo dzisingabvumirwi dze wiring. Kutevera mutemo uyu, otomatiki routing maturusi anogona kushanda nenzira yaunotarisira.

Paunenge uchizadza chikamu chePCB dhizaini, ndapota gadzirisa pabhodhi redunhu kuti udzivise kukanganiswa nechikamu chinotevera che wiring. Nhamba yekufambisa inoenderana nekuoma kwedunhu uye mitemo yayo yose.

Precautions:

Kana iyo otomatiki routing chishandiso ikasapedza chiratidzo chekufambisa, iwe unofanirwa kuenderera mberi nebasa rayo kufambisa nemasaini masaini asara.

12. Natsiridza nzira

Kana mutsara wechiratidzo unoshandiswa kuzvidzora wakareba kwazvo, tapota tsvaga mitsara inonzwisisika uye isina musoro, uye upfupise wiring zvakanyanya sezvinobvira uye kuderedza nhamba ye kuburikidza nemakomba.

mhedziso

Sezvo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvichiwedzera kufambira mberi, mainjiniya emagetsi nemagetsi anofanirwa kugona hunyanzvi hwekugadzira PCB. Nzwisisa pamusoro 12 PCB dhizaini mitemo uye hunyanzvi uye uvatevere zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uchaona kuti PCB marongerwo haasisina kuoma.