1. Beka ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kuqala

Iyiphi ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu?

Zonke izingxenye zebhodi lesifunda zibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ekucushweni kwesifunda yilezi, ungazibiza ngokuthi “izingxenye eziyinhloko”. Zihlanganisa izixhumi, amaswishi, amasokhethi amandla, njll. Kwakho PCB isakhiwo, beka iningi lalezi zingxenye kuqala.

2. Yenza ingqikithi/izingxenye ezinkulu zibe maphakathi nesakhiwo se-PCB

Ingxenye ewumgogodla iyisakhi esiqaphela umsebenzi obalulekile womklamo wesifunda. Zenze zibe maphakathi nesakhiwo sakho se-PCB. Uma ingxenye inkulu, kufanele futhi igxile kusakhiwo. Bese ubeka ezinye izingxenye zikagesi ezizungeze umnyombo/izingxenye ezinkulu.

3. Amabili amafushane futhi amane ahlukene

Isakhiwo sakho se-PCB kufanele sihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziyisithupha ezilandelayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Izintambo eziphelele kufanele zibe zifushane. Isiginali yokhiye kufanele ibe mfushane. I-voltage ephezulu kanye nezimpawu zamanje eziphezulu zihlukaniswe ngokuphelele ne-voltage ephansi kanye nezimpawu zamanje eziphansi. Isignali ye-analog kanye nesignali yedijithali zihlukaniswa ekwakhiweni kwesekethe. Isignali yefrikhwensi ephezulu kanye nesignali yefrikhwensi ephansi kuyahlukaniswa. Izingxenye zefrikhwensi ephezulu kufanele zihlukaniswe futhi ibanga phakathi kwazo kufanele libe ngangokunokwenzeka.

4. Isakhiwo esijwayelekile-iyunifomu, elinganiselayo futhi enhle

Ibhodi lesifunda elijwayelekile lifana, lilinganisela amandla adonsela phansi futhi lihle. Sicela ugcine leli zinga engqondweni uma ulungiselela isakhiwo se-PCB. Ukufana kusho ukuthi izingxenye nezintambo zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kusakhiwo se-PCB. Uma isakhiwo sifana, amandla adonsela phansi kufanele futhi alinganisele. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba i-PCB elinganiselayo ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo kagesi ezinzile.

5. Qala wenze ukuvikela kwesignali bese uyahlunga

I-PCB idlulisa amasignali ahlukahlukene, futhi izingxenye ezihlukene kuyo zidlulisela amasignali azo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uvikele isignali yengxenye ngayinye futhi uvimbele ukuphazamiseka kwesignali kuqala, bese ucabangela ukuhlunga amagagasi ayingozi ezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Khumbula njalo lo mthetho. Yini okufanele uyenze ngokwalo mthetho? Isiphakamiso sami siwukubeka izimo zokuhlunga, ukuvikelwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesignali yokuxhumana eduze nesixhumi esibonakalayo. Ukuvikelwa kwesignali kwenziwa kuqala, bese ukuhlunga kwenziwa.

6. Thola usayizi nenani lezingqimba ze-PCB kusenesikhathi

Nquma usayizi webhodi lesifunda kanye nenani lezendlalelo zezintambo ezigabeni zokuqala zesakhiwo se-PCB. kuyadingeka. Isizathu simi kanje. Lezi zendlalelo nezitaki zithinta ngqo i-wiring ne-impedance yemigqa yesifunda ephrintiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usayizi webhodi lesifunda kunqunywa, isitaki nobubanzi bemigqa yesekethe ephrintiwe kudingeka kunqunywe ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela olindelekile wokuklama we-PCB. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi zesifunda ngangokunokwenzeka futhi usakaze ithusi ngokulinganayo.

7. Nquma imithetho yokuklama ye-PCB nezithiyo

Ukuze wenze umzila ngempumelelo, udinga ukucabangela ngokucophelela izidingo zokuklama futhi wenze ithuluzi lomzila lisebenze ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele kanye nemikhawulo, okuzothinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwethuluzi lomzila. Manje kufanele ngenzeni? Ngokusho kokubalulekile, yonke imigqa yesignali enezidingo ezikhethekile ihlukaniswa. Ukuphakama okuphezulu, imithetho yomugqa wesignali iyaqina. Le mithetho ihlanganisa ububanzi bemigqa yesifunda ephrintiwe, inombolo enkulu ye-vias, i-parallelism, ithonya elihlangene phakathi kwemigqa yesignali, nemikhawulo yesendlalelo.

8. Thola imithetho ye-DFM yesakhiwo sengxenye

I-DFM isifinyezo se-“design for manufacturability” kanye “nomklamo wokukhiqiza”. Imithetho ye-DFM inomthelela omkhulu ekuhlelweni kwezingxenye, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa izimoto. Uma umnyango womhlangano noma inkampani yomhlangano we-PCB ivumela izingxenye ezihambayo, isifunda singathuthukiswa ukuze kube lula umzila ozenzakalelayo. Uma ungaqiniseki ngemithetho ye-DFM, ungathola isevisi ye-DFM yamahhala ku-PCBONLINE. Imithetho ihlanganisa:

Kusakhiwo se-PCB, isekethe yokuhlukanisa amandla kagesi kufanele ibekwe eduze kwesekhethi efanele, hhayi ingxenye yokuphakela amandla. Uma kungenjalo, izothinta umphumela we-bypass futhi ibangele i-pulsating current entanjeni yamandla kanye nomugqa ophansi ukuthi ugeleze, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuphazamiseka.

Ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokunikezwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwesekethe, ukunikezwa kwamandla kufanele kube kusukela esigabeni sokugcina kuya esigabeni esedlule, futhi i-capacitor yokuhlunga amandla kufanele ibekwe eduze nesiteji sokugcina.

Kwezinye izintambo eziyinhloko zamanje, uma ufuna ukunqamula noma ukulinganisa okwamanje phakathi nokulungisa iphutha nokuhlola, kufanele usethe igebe lamanje emugqeni wesekethe ophrintiwe phakathi nesakhiwo se-PCB.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungenzeka, ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kufanele kubekwe ebhodini eliphrintiwe elihlukile. Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesekethe kusebhodini eliphrintiwe, hlukanisa ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nezingxenye zesekethe futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa intambo yaphansi evamile.

Kungani?

Ngoba asifuni ukubangela ukuphazamiseka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale ndlela, umthwalo unganqanyulwa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, uqede isidingo sokusika ingxenye yomugqa wesifunda ophrintiwe futhi ulimaze ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe.

9. Ukukhweza ngakunye okufanayo kunembobo eyodwa okungenani

Ngesikhathi sokuklama kwefeni, kufanele okungenani kube nembobo eyodwa yokuphuma endaweni ngayinye elingana nengxenye. Ngale ndlela, uma udinga ukuxhumana okwengeziwe, ungakwazi ukuphatha ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi, ukuhlola ku-inthanethi, nokucutshungulwa kabusha kwesekethe ebhodini lesekethe.

10. Ukufaka izintambo ngesandla ngaphambi kokufaka izintambo ezizenzakalelayo

Esikhathini esidlule, esikhathini esidlule, bekulokhu kuyi-wiring ye-manual, okuye kwaba yinqubo edingekayo yokuklama ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe.

Kungani?

Ngaphandle kwezintambo ezenziwa ngesandla, ithuluzi lezintambo ezizenzakalelayo ngeke likwazi ukuqedela ngempumelelo izintambo. Nge-wiring ye-manual, uzodala indlela eyisisekelo sezintambo ezizenzakalelayo.

Ngakho kanjani umzila mathupha?

Kungase kudingeke ukhethe futhi ulungise amanetha athile abalulekile esakhiweni. Okokuqala, amasiginali wokhiye womzila ngokwenza noma ngosizo lwamathuluzi omzila ozenzakalelayo. Amanye amapharamitha kagesi (njenge-inductance esabalalisiwe) adinga ukusethwa abe mancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Okulandelayo, hlola izintambo zamasiginali okhiye, noma ucele abanye onjiniyela abanolwazi noma i-PCBONLINE ukusiza ukuhlola. Bese, uma ingekho inkinga ngezintambo, sicela ulungise izintambo ku-PCB bese uqala ukuhambisa amanye amasiginali ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuqapha:

Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kocingo oluphansi, kuzoba khona ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kwesekethe.

11. Setha imikhawulo nemithetho yomzila ozenzakalelayo

Namuhla, amathuluzi omzila ozenzakalelayo anamandla kakhulu. Uma izithiyo nemithetho isethwe ngendlela efanele, ingaqedela cishe u-100% womzila.

Impela, kufanele uqale uqonde amapharamitha okokufaka kanye nemiphumela yethuluzi lomzila elizenzakalelayo.

Ukuze imigqa yesignali yomzila, imithetho evamile kufanele yamukelwe, okungukuthi, izingqimba lapho isignali idlula khona kanye nenani lokudlula izimbobo kunqunywa ngokubeka izithiyo nezindawo zezintambo ezingavunyelwe. Ngokulandela lo mthetho, amathuluzi omzila ozenzakalelayo angasebenza ngendlela oyilindele.

Uma uqedela ingxenye yephrojekthi yokuklama ye-PCB, sicela uyilungise ebhodini lesekethe ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ingaphazanyiswa ingxenye elandelayo yezintambo. Inombolo yomzila incike ebunkingeni besifunda kanye nemithetho yayo evamile.

Ukuqapha:

Uma ithuluzi lomzila elizenzakalelayo lingawuqedi umzila wesignali, kufanele uqhubeke nomsebenzi walo ukuze uhambise amasiginali asele.

12. Lungiselela umzila

Uma ulayini wesignali osetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umude kakhulu, sicela uthole imigqa enengqondo nengenangqondo, futhi ufinyeze izintambo ngangokunokwenzeka futhi unciphise inani lokudlula izimbobo.

Isiphetho

Njengoba imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ithuthuka kakhulu, onjiniyela bakagesi nabasebenza nge-elekthronikhi kufanele babe namakhono amaningi okuklama i-PCB. Qonda imithetho nezindlela zokuklama ze-PCB eziyi-12 futhi uzilandele ngangokunokwenzeka, uzothola ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-PCB akusenzima.