Hajoale, lebelo le phahameng PCB boqapi bo sebelisoa haholo puisanong, khomphuteng, ho sebetsanang le litšoantšo le likarolo tse ling. Baenjiniere ba sebelisa maano a fapaneng a ho rala li-PCBS tse lebelo haholo libakeng tsena.

Lefapheng la likhokahano tsa mehala ea puisano, moralo o rarahane haholo, ‘me lebelo la phetisetso le bile le holimo haholo ho feta 500Mbps ts’ebelisong ea phetisetso ea data, lentsoe le setšoantšo. Lefapheng la likhokahanyo, batho ba hahamalla ho tsebisoa ka potlako ha lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa ts’ebetso, mme theko ha se ea pele. Ba tla sebelisa likarolo tse ngata, likarolo le matla a lekaneng a motlakase, le likarolo tse arohaneng moleng ofe kapa ofe oa lets’oao o ka bang le mathata a lebelo le phahameng. Ba na le litsebi tsa SI (Signal botšepehi) le EMC (motlakase o lumellanang le motlakase) ho etsa papiso le tlhahlobo ea pele ho wiring, mme moenjineri e mong le e mong oa meralo o latela melaoana e thata ea moralo ka har’a khoebo. Kahoo baenjiniere ba meralo lefapheng la likhokahanyo hangata ba sebelisa leano lena la ho rala meralo ea PCB e lebelo haholo.

Moralo oa li-boardboard tsa mama lebaleng la likhomphutha tsa lapeng o maemong a mang a feteletseng, a theko ebile a sebetsa hantle ho feta tsohle, baqapi ba lula ba sebelisa li-chips tsa CPU tse potlakileng ka ho fetesisa, theknoloji ea memori le li-module tsa li-graph ho etsa likhomphutha tse rarahaneng haholo. Mme li-board tsa lapeng tsa likhomphutha hangata ke liboto tse 4-layer, theknoloji e ngoe ea lebelo le phahameng la PCB e thata ho e sebelisa tšimong ena, kahoo baenjiniere ba lapeng ba sebelisa mekhoa e mengata ea lipatlisiso ho rala liboto tsa PCB tse lebelo haholo, ba lokela ho ithuta ka botlalo boemo bo ikhethang ea moralo oa ho rarolla mathata a potoloho e lebelo haholo a teng.

Moralo o tloaelehileng oa li-PCB tse phahameng o ka fapana. Baetsi ba likarolo tsa bohlokoa ho PCB e lebelo haholo (CPU, DSP, FPGA, li-chip tse ikhethileng indastering, jj.) Ba tla fana ka lisebelisoa tsa moralo ka li-chip, tseo hangata li fanoang ka sebopeho sa tataiso ea moralo le tataiso ea moralo. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mathata a mabeli: pele, ho na le ts’ebetso ea hore baetsi ba lisebelisoa ba utloisise le ho sebelisa bots’epehi ba lets’oao, mme baenjiniere ba meralo ea sistimi ba lula ba batla ho sebelisa li-chip tsa morao-rao tse sebetsang hantle ka lekhetlo la pele, ka hona tataiso ea moralo e fanoeng ke baetsi ba lisebelisoa e kanna ea se be ea holileng tsebong. Kahoo baetsi ba lisebelisoa tse ling ba tla fana ka mefuta e mengata ea tataiso ea meralo ka linako tse fapaneng. Taba ea bobeli, lithibelo tsa moralo tse fanoang ke moetsi oa lisebelisoa hangata li thata haholo, mme ho ka ba thata haholo ho moenjineri oa meralo ho fihlela melao eohle ea moralo. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho ba sieo ha lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea ketsiso le semelo sa lithibelo tsena, ho khotsofatsa lithibelo tsohle ke eona feela mokhoa oa moralo oa PCB o potlakileng, mme leano le joalo la meralo hangata le bitsoa lithibelo tse fetelletseng.

Ho hlalositsoe moralo oa sefofane o sebelisang li-resistor tse phahamisitsoeng ka holim’a metsi ho fihlela maemo a tšoanang. Ho sebelisoa li-resistor tse fetang tsena tse 200 boto ea potoloho. Nahana feela haeba u ne u ka rala mefuta e 10 ‘me u fetole li-resistor tse 200 ho netefatsa papali e ntlehali, e ka ba mosebetsi o mongata haholo. Ho makatsang ke hore ha ho phetoho e le ‘ngoe ea ho hanyetsa e bakiloeng ke tlhahlobo ea software ea SI.

Ka hona, ho hlokahala hore ho kenyelletsoa lebelo le phahameng la sebopeho sa PCB le tlhahlobo ho moralo oa mantlha oa moralo, e le hore e fetohe karolo ea bohlokoa ea moralo le sehlahisoa se felletseng.