Okwamanje, ngesivinini PCB design isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuxhumana, ikhompyutha, ukucubungula isithombe, neminye imikhakha. Onjiniyela basebenzisa amasu ahlukene okuklama ama-PCBS anejubane kulezi zindawo.

Emkhakheni wezokuxhumana ngocingo, ukwakheka kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi isivinini sokudlulisa besiphezulu kakhulu kune-500Mbps kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokudlulisa idatha, izwi nezithombe. Emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, abantu baphishekela ukwethulwa ngokushesha kwemikhiqizo yokusebenza ephezulu, futhi izindleko akuyona eyokuqala. Bazosebenzisa izingqimba eziningi, izendlalelo zamandla ezanele nezendlalelo, nezinto ezihlukanisiwe kunoma yimuphi umugqa wesiginali ongaba nezinkinga zejubane eliphezulu. Banobuchwepheshe be-SI (Signal integrity) kanye ne-EMC (electromagnetic ukuhambisana) ukwenza ukulingisa nokuhlaziya kwangaphambi kwentambo, futhi unjiniyela ngamunye wokuklama ulandela imithetho eqinile yokuklama ngaphakathi kwebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke onjiniyela bokudweba emkhakheni wezokuxhumana bavame ukusebenzisa leli qhinga lokuklama ngokweqile imidwebo ye-PCB esheshayo.

Idizayini yama-Motherboard emkhakheni wekhompyutha wasekhaya ingeyokunye ukwedlulela, izindleko nokusebenza ngempumelelo okukhulu kunakho konke okunye, abaklami bahlala besebenzisa ama-CPU chips asheshayo, ahamba phambili, asebenza kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe bememori, kanye namamojula wokucubungula imidwebo ukwakha amakhompyutha aqhubeka eba nzima. Futhi amabhodi womama wekhompiyutha asekhaya ngokuvamile angamabhodi angongqimba abayi-4, ubuchwepheshe obuklanywe ngesivinini esikhulu be-PCB kunzima ukubusebenzisa kulo mkhakha, ngakho onjiniyela bekhompyutha ekhaya basebenzisa izindlela zocwaningo ezeqile ukuklama amabhodi we-PCB anejubane elikhulu, kufanele bafunde ngokugcwele isimo esithile yomklamo wokuxazulula lezo zinkinga zesifunda esinejubane ezikhona ngempela.

Idizayini ejwayelekile ye-PCB enejubane elikhulu ingahluka. Abakhiqizi bezinto ezisemqoka ku-PCB enejubane elikhulu (i-CPU, i-DSP, i-FPGA, ama-chip aqondene nomkhakha, njll.) Bazohlinzeka ngezinto zokwakha ezimayelana nama-chips, avame ukunikezwa ngendlela yomhlahlandlela wokuklanywa nowokwakhiwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga ezimbili: okokuqala, kunenqubo yokuthi abenzi bamadivayisi baqonde futhi basebenzise ubuqotho besiginali, futhi onjiniyela bokwakha uhlelo bahlala befuna ukusebenzisa ama-chip asebenza kahle kakhulu okokuqala ngqa, ngakho-ke imihlahlandlela yedizayini enikezwe abakhiqizi bedivayisi kungenzeka ingavuthiwe. Ngakho-ke abanye abakhiqizi bedivayisi bazokhipha izinhlobo eziningi zemihlahlandlela yokuklama ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Okwesibili, izingqinamba zokwakhiwa ezinikezwa ngumenzi wedivayisi ngokuvamile ziqinile, futhi kungaba nzima kakhulu kunjiniyela wokwakha ukuhlangabezana nayo yonke imithetho yokuklama. Kodwa-ke, ngokungabi bikho kwamathuluzi wokuhlaziya wokulingisa kanye nesizinda salezi zingqinamba, ukwanelisa zonke izingqinamba kuyindlela kuphela yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB enejubane, futhi isu elinjalo lokuklama livame ukubizwa ngemikhawulo eyeqile.

Kuchazwe ukwakhiwa kwendiza yangemuva okusebenzisa izisetshenziswa eziphakanyiswe ngaphezulu ukufeza ukufana kokugcina. Kusetshenziswa ama-resistors afanayo angaphezu kwama-200 ebhodini lesifunda. Cabanga nje ukube bekufanele udizayine ama-prototypes ayi-10 bese ushintsha lawo ma-resistors angama-200 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlalo wokugcina ongcono kakhulu, kungaba ngumsebenzi omkhulu. Ngokumangazayo, alukho ushintsho olulodwa ekumelaneni ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwesoftware ye-SI.

Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwengeza ukumbumbuluzwa kokuklanywa kwe-PCB enejubane nokuhlaziywa kunqubo yokuqala yokwakheka, ukuze ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yomkhiqizo ophelele nentuthuko.